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92 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
7,312 Views
12 Pages

Mothers’ instigation of complementary feeding before their infant reaches 6 months old risks shortening their breastfeeding duration, and high morbidity and mortality for their child. Complementary feeding practices require further investigation in S...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,504 Views
18 Pages

Status of Inappropriate Complementary Feeding and Its Associated Factors Among Infants of 9–23 Months

  • Iqra Ashraf,
  • Prince L. Bestman,
  • Abdullah A. Assiri,
  • Ghulam Mustafa Kamal,
  • Jalal Uddin,
  • Jiayou Luo,
  • Khalid M. Orayj and
  • Azfar A. Ishaqui

19 December 2024

Background: Inappropriate complementary feeding during the first two years of life significantly impacts children’s health, increasing risks of malnutrition and illness. Methods: This study investigates factors influencing early feeding pattern...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
6,817 Views
18 Pages

Factors Influencing the Age of Complementary Feeding—A Cross-Sectional Study from Two European Countries

  • Monika A. Zielinska,
  • Petra Rust,
  • Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek,
  • Jacqueline Bichler and
  • Jadwiga Hamułka

The timing of introducing complementary feeding affects nutritional status and children’s health. The aim of this study was to determine sociodemographic and birth-related factors associated with the age of introducing complementary foods. This...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
1,636 Views
6 Pages

3 January 2018

Timely introduced complementary foods, which are appropriate for age, safe and nutrient dense are vital for child growth and development. The aim of the study was to identify associated factors that hampered timely introduction of complementary feedi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
6,802 Views
13 Pages

28 December 2020

Adequate nutrition in the first year of life is the key prerequisite for a child’s healthy growth and development. The success of complementary feeding is influenced by various factors, including the family’s socioeconomic status, materna...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
8,160 Views
13 Pages

6 April 2022

The hygienic practices of mothers during complementary food feeding are crucial in the protection of vulnerable infants and children aged 6–24 months from childhood communicable diseases such as diarrhea and malnutrition. However, sufficient ev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,061 Views
14 Pages

8 September 2025

Background: Stunting remains a major public health issue globally and in Indonesia, often linked to inadequate complementary feeding, cultural practices, and limited family empowerment. Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a family emp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,109 Views
12 Pages

Exploring Maternal Socio-Demographic Factors Shaping Children’s Dietary Patterns in Brazil: Results from the 2019 National Health Survey

  • Flávia dos Santos Barbosa Brito,
  • Emanuela Santos da Costa,
  • Ariane Cristina Thoaldo Romeiro,
  • Debora Martins dos Santos,
  • Alexandre dos Santos Brito,
  • Alessandra Silva Dias de Oliveira and
  • Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye

This study aimed to identify the dietary patterns of Brazilian children aged 6–23 months and to investigate their association with maternal socio-demographic factors. Data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey were used in this cross-s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,713 Views
18 Pages

Quantity and Source of Protein during Complementary Feeding and Infant Growth: Evidence from a Population Facing Double Burden of Malnutrition

  • Kulnipa Kittisakmontri,
  • Julie Lanigan,
  • Jonathan C. K. Wells,
  • Suphara Manowong,
  • Sujitra Kaewarree and
  • Mary Fewtrell

23 September 2022

Background: While high protein intake during infancy may increase obesity risk, low qualities and quantities of protein contribute to undernutrition. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the amount and source of protein on infant growth duri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,174 Views
9 Pages

Correlates of the Timely Initiation of Complementary Feeding among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Rupandehi District, Nepal

  • Dilaram Acharya,
  • Radha Subedi,
  • Kwan Lee,
  • Seok-Ju Yoo,
  • Salila Gautam and
  • Jitendra Kumar Singh

6 August 2018

Although the predictors of the timely initiation of complementary feeding are well-known elsewhere, there is less awareness of the topic in Nepal. The current study was undertaken to identify the correlates of timely initiation of complementary feedi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,192 Views
18 Pages

Early Feeding Factors and Eating Behaviors among Children Aged 1–3: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • Daria Masztalerz-Kozubek,
  • Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos and
  • Jadwiga Hamulka

29 May 2022

Early nutrition plays a crucial role not only in providing essential nutrients for proper child development, but may also be an important step in creating desirable eating behaviors, which can be transmitted into adulthood. The aim of this study was...

  • Review
  • Open Access
229 Citations
32,998 Views
9 Pages

Early Taste Experiences and Later Food Choices

  • Valentina De Cosmi,
  • Silvia Scaglioni and
  • Carlo Agostoni

4 February 2017

Background. Nutrition in early life is increasingly considered to be an important factor influencing later health. Food preferences are formed in infancy, are tracked into childhood and beyond, and complementary feeding practices are crucial to preve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
734 Views
17 Pages

9 October 2025

Background/Objectives: Infant emotional responses during complementary feeding offer key insights into early developmental processes and feeding behaviors. AI-driven facial emotion analysis presents a novel, objective method to quantify these subtle...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,456 Views
12 Pages

26 October 2023

An exploratory study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of infants’ feeding patterns in Beijing, China, as well as the factors linked to infants’ self-feeding proportion during the introduction of complementary foods, and the impact...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,185 Views
11 Pages

16 December 2020

Exclusive breastfeeding has many health benefits for the baby and the mother. This study explored the reasons for the early introduction of supplementary feeding before six months, and the issues faced by parturient women in practicing exclusive brea...

  • Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,133 Views
17 Pages

21 April 2023

Poor complementary feeding is a common practice in developing regions, including South Africa (SA), and is one of the main contributing factors to childhood malnutrition. This paper reviews the literature on complementary feeding practices in SA and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
8,835 Views
18 Pages

Rapid economic and cultural transition in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been accompanied by new challenges to public health; most notably a rapid rise in chronic disease. Breastfeeding is known to improve health outcomes in adulthood, is associa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,362 Views
14 Pages

5 September 2025

Background/Objectives: Infant feeding is critical for health and development, yet the influence of maternal psychosocial factors on its timing is not fully understood. While maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known to affect perinatal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,959 Views
18 Pages

The validation of a new questionnaire is essential to improving its credibility in the assessment and collection of evidence. This study aimed to validate a newly developed infant and young child feeding questionnaire for child care providers (IYCF-C...

  • Article
  • Open Access
833 Views
15 Pages

Complementary Feeding and Risk of Choking: A Survey Among Parents and Primary Care Pediatricians in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy

  • Lorenza Parini,
  • Elisa Manieri,
  • Elena Corinaldesi,
  • Michele Torella,
  • Paolo Bottau,
  • Eleonora Laderchi,
  • Dalila Periccioli,
  • Alessandra Cavallo,
  • Chiara Bontempo and
  • Eleonora Battelli
  • + 5 authors

22 November 2025

Background: Complementary feeding has traditionally relied on traditional spoon feeding (TSF), in which parents gradually introduce semi-solid foods under close supervision. More recently, Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) has become popular, promoting infant a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
7,290 Views
28 Pages

Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Adolescent Mothers and Associated Factors in India

  • Mansi Vijaybhai Dhami,
  • Felix Akpojene Ogbo,
  • Thierno M. O. Diallo,
  • Bolajoko O. Olusanya,
  • Piwuna Christopher Goson,
  • Kingsley Emwinyore Agho and
  • on behalf of the Global Maternal and Child Health Research Collaboration (GloMACH)

12 July 2021

Adequate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) improve child survival and growth. Globally, about 18 million babies are born to mothers aged 18 years or less and have a higher likelihood of adverse birth outcomes in India due to insufficient knowledg...

  • Review
  • Open Access
56 Citations
20,483 Views
15 Pages

Complementary feeding methods have the potential to not only ensure a diet of nutritional adequacy but also promote optimal food-related behaviours and skills. While the complementary feeding practice known as baby-led weaning (BLW) has gained popula...

  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
10,269 Views
10 Pages

Complementary feeding (CF), which should begin after exclusive breastfeeding for six months, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), or after four months and before six months according to the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,773 Views
26 Pages

Correlates of Sub-Optimal Feeding Practices among under-5 Children amid Escalating Crises in Lebanon: A National Representative Cross-Sectional Study

  • Maha Hoteit,
  • Carla Ibrahim,
  • Danielle Saadeh,
  • Marwa Al-Jaafari,
  • Marwa Atwi,
  • Sabine Alasmar,
  • Jessica Najm,
  • Yonna Sacre,
  • Lara Hanna-Wakim and
  • Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh

Sub-optimal feeding practices among under-5 children are the major drivers of malnutrition. This study aims to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and the factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding, bottle feeding, and complementary feeding practice...

  • Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
3,763 Views
21 Pages

A Compact and Low-Profile Curve-Feed Complementary Split-Ring Resonator Microwave Sensor for Solid Material Detection

  • Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi,
  • Zahriladha Zakaria,
  • Norhanani Abd Rahman,
  • Syah Alam and
  • Maizatul Alice Meor Said

3 February 2023

A compact and low-profile curve-feed complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) microwave sensor for solid material detection is presented in this article. The curve-feed CSRR sensor was developed based on the CSRR configuration with triple rings (TRs...

  • Review
  • Open Access
45 Citations
6,591 Views
8 Pages

Growth patterns early in life could exert a long-term impact on overweight and obesity development. Among all potential manipulative factors, infant diet is one of the most influential and could affect growth and subsequent health status during adole...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,708 Views
12 Pages

Infant Feeding and Ethnic Differences in Body Mass Index during Childhood: A Prospective Study

  • Outi Sirkka,
  • Tanja Vrijkotte,
  • Lieke van Houtum,
  • Marieke Abrahamse-Berkeveld,
  • Jutka Halberstadt,
  • Margreet R. Olthof and
  • Jacob C. Seidell

1 July 2021

This study investigated ethnic differences in childhood body mass index (BMI) in children from Dutch and Turkish descent and the role of infant feeding factors (breastfeeding duration, milk feeding frequency, as well as the timing, frequency and vari...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,179 Views
10 Pages

Changes in Management Lead to Improvement and Healing of Equine Squamous Gastric Disease

  • Lieuwke C. Kranenburg,
  • Simone Henriëtte van der Poel,
  • Tim Sebastiaan Warmelink,
  • David Anthonie van Doorn and
  • Robin van den Boom

28 April 2023

Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) is common in horses and poses a serious welfare problem. Several risk factors have been identified and ESGD is routinely treated with omeprazole. Fourteen mares, previously used as embryo recipients and diagnose...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,847 Views
16 Pages

Characteristics, Preventive Factors, and Barriers to Breastfeeding and Mixed Feeding in the First Month of Life in Barcelona: The Multicenter Observational Study GREEN MOTHER

  • Azahara Reyes-Lacalle,
  • Rosa Maria Cabedo-Ferreiro,
  • Judit Cos-Busquets,
  • Liudmila Liutsko,
  • Margalida Colldeforns-Vidal,
  • Rosa García-Sierra,
  • Mª Mercedes Vicente-Hernández,
  • Miriam Gómez-Masvidal,
  • Laura Montero-Pons and
  • Encarnación López-Gimeno
  • + 4 authors

30 September 2025

Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding is the best source of food for newborns. Leading health organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, followed by the gradual introduction of complementary foods. Evidence shows t...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,821 Views
10 Pages

1 April 2019

The objective of this study was to document the types of foods introduced to infants before six months of age and identify factors associated with their early introduction. A prospective cohort study of infant feeding for the first six months after b...

  • Review
  • Open Access
23 Citations
25,495 Views
29 Pages

Complementary Feeding: Tradition, Innovation and Pitfalls

  • Maria Elena Capra,
  • Nicola Mattia Decarolis,
  • Delia Monopoli,
  • Serena Rosa Laudisio,
  • Antonella Giudice,
  • Brigida Stanyevic,
  • Susanna Esposito and
  • Giacomo Biasucci

4 March 2024

According to WHO, “complementary feeding (CF) is the process starting when breast milk alone or infant formula alone is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of infants, and therefore, other foods and liquids are needed, alo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,833 Views
13 Pages

National Trends and Disparities in Complementary Food Diversity Among Infants: A 12-Year Cross-Sectional Birth Cohort Study

  • Eun Lee,
  • Seonkyeong Rhie,
  • Ju Hee Kim,
  • Eun Kyo Ha,
  • Min Seo Kim,
  • Won Suk Lee,
  • Boeun Han and
  • Man Yong Han

11 February 2025

Background: The complementary food introduction and consumption guidelines for atopic dermatitis and food allergy prevention have evolved; however, their impact on infant feeding practices remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze complementary fo...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,385 Views
22 Pages

Sexual Dysfunctions in Breastfeeding Females: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Darya Smetanina,
  • Shouq Alnuaimi,
  • Afra Alkaabi,
  • Meera Alketbi,
  • Elshimaa Hamam,
  • Hanin Alkindi,
  • Mahra Almheiri,
  • Rouda Albasti,
  • Hajar Almansoori and
  • Mahra Alshehhi
  • + 3 authors

22 January 2025

Background: The prevalence of sexual dysfunctions varies from 35.5% to over 80% among postpartum women. Controversy exists regarding the risk factors for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in the postpartum period. It remains unclear whether breastfeedi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,553 Views
9 Pages

Choosiness in young children is a normal behaviour that sometimes worries parents. The study aimed to investigate factors that are associated with a mother being worried about her child’s choosy feeding behaviour. Parents of singleton children...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,709 Views
10 Pages

Late Preterm Newborns: Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Practices

  • Ieva Dijokienė,
  • Raminta Žemaitienė and
  • Dalia Stonienė

28 March 2024

Background: The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with successful breastfeeding in late preterm infants (LPIs) and explore the initiation of complementary feeding; Methods: Prospective cohort study was conducted of infants born at 3...

  • Review
  • Open Access
52 Citations
12,902 Views
12 Pages

Solid Food Introduction and the Development of Food Allergies

  • Carlo Caffarelli,
  • Dora Di Mauro,
  • Carla Mastrorilli,
  • Paolo Bottau,
  • Francesca Cipriani and
  • Giampaolo Ricci

17 November 2018

The rise of food allergy in childhood, particularly among developed countries, has a significant weight on public health and involves serious implications for patients’ quality of life. Even if the mechanisms of food tolerance and the complex i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,202 Views
12 Pages

Complementary Feeding and Overweight in European Preschoolers: The ToyBox-Study

  • Natalya Usheva,
  • Sonya Galcheva,
  • Greet Cardon,
  • Marieke De Craemer,
  • Odysseas Androutsos,
  • Aneta Kotowska,
  • Piotr Socha,
  • Berthold V. Koletzko,
  • Luis A. Moreno and
  • Violeta Iotova
  • + 2 authors

5 April 2021

Complementary feeding (CF) should start between 4–6 months of age to ensure infants’ growth but is also linked to childhood obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association of the timing of CF, breastfeeding and overweight in preschool childr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,098 Views
14 Pages

Infant Feeding Pattern Clusters Are Associated with Childhood Health Outcomes

  • Ju Hee Kim,
  • Eun Lee,
  • Eun Kyo Ha,
  • Gi Chun Lee,
  • Jeewon Shin,
  • Hey-Sung Baek,
  • Sun-Hee Choi,
  • Youn Ho Shin and
  • Man Yong Han

7 July 2023

(1) Background: Feeding behavior habits have a pattern with a certain tendency during infancy. We aimed to identify the associations between feeding patterns in infancy and the subsequent 10-year childhood disease burden. (2) Methods: Data from 236,3...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
7,897 Views
11 Pages

Introduction of Complementary Foods in a Cohort of Infants in Northeast Italy: Do Parents Comply with WHO Recommendations?

  • Claudia Carletti,
  • Paola Pani,
  • Lorenzo Monasta,
  • Alessandra Knowles and
  • Adriano Cattaneo

4 January 2017

Timing and type of complementary food in infancy affect nutritional status and health later in life. The objective of this paper was to assess complementary feeding practices, looking at timing, type, and compliance with World Health Organization (WH...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,628 Views
19 Pages

Exploring Client Perceptions on Gaining Infant Feeding Information Through the Texas Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Chatbot

  • Kelci Baez,
  • Lesli Biediger-Friedman,
  • Cassandra M. Johnson,
  • Emily Stubblefield,
  • Lizzeth Escalera and
  • Brittany Reese Markides

The modernization of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program is a priority. The Texas WIC chatbot, Maya, streamlines client interactions through dialog-based responses. This qualitative study explored...

  • Review
  • Open Access
213 Citations
27,618 Views
9 Pages

Nutrition in the First 1000 Days: The Origin of Childhood Obesity

  • Chiara Mameli,
  • Sara Mazzantini and
  • Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti

Childhood obesity is a major global issue. Its incidence is constantly increasing, thereby offering a threatening public health perspective. The risk of developing the numerous chronic diseases associated with this condition from very early in life i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,299 Views
9 Pages

Parents’ Perception of the Complementary Baby-Led Weaning Feeding Method: A Validation Study

  • Elena Martí-Solsona,
  • Víctor M. González-Chordá,
  • Laura Andreu-Pejo,
  • Águeda Cervera-Gasch,
  • Maria Jesús Valero-Chillerón and
  • Desirée Mena-Tudela

1 December 2020

This study aims to construct and validate a questionnaire that allows Parents’ Perceptions of the complementary Baby-Led Weaning feeding method (PaPerc-BLW questionnaire) to be evaluated. An instrumental design was used. Five child nutrition ex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,128 Views
15 Pages

Maternal Factors and the Utilization of Maternal Care Services Associated with Infant Feeding Practices among Mothers in Rural Southern Nepal

  • Dilaram Acharya,
  • Jitendra Kumar Singh,
  • Rajendra Kandel,
  • Ji-Hyuk Park,
  • Seok-Ju Yoo and
  • Kwan Lee

This study aimed to investigate the maternal factors and utilization of maternal care services associated with infant feeding practices in rural areas of Southern Nepal. Data from a cluster randomized controlled trial ‘MATRI-SUMAN’(Matern...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,374 Views
17 Pages

“The One Time You Have Control over What They Eat”: A Qualitative Exploration of Mothers’ Practices to Establish Healthy Eating Behaviours during Weaning

  • Eleni Spyreli,
  • Michelle C. McKinley,
  • Virginia Allen-Walker,
  • Louise Tully,
  • Jayne V. Woodside,
  • Colette Kelly and
  • Moira Dean

6 March 2019

Background: Weaning marks the transition from a milk-only diet to the consumption of solid foods. It is a time period where nutrition holds an undeniable importance and taste experiences have a long-lasting effect on food preferences. The factors and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,784 Views
16 Pages

Infant Feeding Practices That Substitute Exclusive Breastfeeding in a Semi-Rural Mexican Community: Types, Moments, and Associated Factors

  • Erick Maas-Mendoza,
  • Rodrigo Vega-Sánchez,
  • Inocente Manuel Vázquez-Osorio,
  • Solange Heller-Rouassant and
  • María Eugenia Flores-Quijano

11 May 2022

International organizations recommend mothers practice exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of their infant’s life and introduce complementary feeding (CF) thereafter while continuing breastfeeding. However, the earlier int...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,249 Views
8 Pages

Incorrect Feeding Practices, Dietary Diversity Determinants and Nutritional Status in Children Aged 6–23 Months: An Observational Study in Rural Angola

  • Andrea Pietravalle,
  • Alessia Dosi,
  • Telmo Ambrosio Inocêncio,
  • Francesco Cavallin,
  • Joaquim Tomás,
  • Giovanni Putoto and
  • Nicola Laforgia

30 November 2023

Background: More than a quarter of children who are affected by severe acute undernutrition reside in Sub-Saharan Africa. Incorrect feeding practices have a negative impact on a child’s health in both the short and the long term, and the interv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,702 Views
18 Pages

Early Infant Feeding Practices and Associations with Growth in Childhood

  • Priscilla K. Clayton,
  • Diane L. Putnick,
  • Ian R. Trees,
  • Akhgar Ghassabian,
  • Jordan N. Tyris,
  • Tzu-Chun Lin and
  • Edwina H. Yeung

29 February 2024

Early infant growth trajectories have been linked to obesity risk. The aim of this study was to examine early infant feeding practices in association with anthropometric measures and risk of overweight/obesity in childhood. A total of 2492 children f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,050 Views
15 Pages

Regional Analysis of Associations between Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Diarrhoea in Indian Children

  • Mansi Vijaybhai Dhami,
  • Felix Akpojene Ogbo,
  • Thierno M.O. Diallo,
  • Kingsley E. Agho and
  • on behalf of the Global Maternal and Child Health Research Collaboration (GloMACH)

Studies on the association between infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and diarrhoea across regional India are limited. Hence, we examined the association between IYCF practices and diarrhoea in regional India. A weighted sample of 90,596...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,844 Views
9 Pages

Infant Feeding Practices and Their Association with Early-Life Nutrient Intake: Baseline Findings from the Baby-Act Trial

  • Cristina Palacios,
  • Elvira Alvarez,
  • Maria Gabriela Kallis,
  • Yari Valle,
  • Jeremy Pomeroy and
  • Maribel Campos

Introduction: This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of participants’ baseline data from the Baby-Act Trial to compare energy and macronutrients intake by feeding type. This was a cluster-randomized clinical trial among pregnant women and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,064 Views
21 Pages

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 as a Potential Biomarker for Improved Locomotion and Olfaction Detection Ability after Weight Reduction in Obese Mice

  • Nicole Power Guerra,
  • Alisha Parveen,
  • Daniel Bühler,
  • David Leon Brauer,
  • Luisa Müller,
  • Kristin Pilz,
  • Martin Witt,
  • Änne Glass,
  • Rika Bajorat and
  • Deborah Janowitz
  • + 3 authors

24 August 2021

Obesity is one of the most challenging diseases of the 21st century and is accompanied by behavioural disorders. Exercise, dietary adjustments, or time-restricted feeding are the only successful long-term treatments to date. Fibroblast growth factor...

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