42 Results Found

The Fei Qian (飞箝) Argumentation Scheme, one of the core rhetorical schemes of the School of Diplomacy (Zonghengjia, 纵横家) aimed at controlling others, has yet to receive systematic theoretical analysis, and its signi...

System models and artifacts continuously require validation and refinement to address imprecise specifications and early-stage requirements in order to derive executable simulations. We propose a multi-layer approach for the automated formalization a...

Monotonicity is a prevalent feature in natural language. Notably, determiners such as every, some, and no induce monotonic (upward) or antitonic (downward) entailments. The Monotonicity Calculus is a proof system that formalizes such reasoning in nat...

The class of tier-based strictly 2-local (TSL2) languages has been shown to be useful in modeling patterns across different linguistic domains. This paper discusses the learnability of the intersection closure of the TSL2 languages, multi-TSL2 (MTSL2...

We undertake a thorough examination of George Boole’s claim that, as he discovered by means of his algebra, the law of idempotence is “more fundamental” than the law of non-contradiction (The Laws of Thought, Chapter III, Propositio...

This article investigates two distinct classes of intensifiers in Mandarin Chinese, ordinary intensifiers (Class I) and subjective intensifiers (Class II). Intensifiers from Class II, such as zhēn “really”, cannot be used in the foll...

Kripke semantics for intuitionistic predicate logic $\mathsf{IQC}$ is often viewed as a forcing relation between posets and formulas. In this paper, we further introduce Cohen forcing into semantics. In particular, we use generic filters to interpret the double...

Golog Tibetan grammaticalizes both evidentiality and egophoricity, but the two categories interact in a constrained way: evidential marking neutralizes the binary egophoric versus non-egophoric contrast. This paper develops LEE (Logic of Evidentialit...

Traditional degree semantics approaches have aimed to pin down the inherent class of adjectives. This paper presents a novel dynamic perspective, where the classification of an adjective is dynamic and syntactically dependent. Using measurement theor...

We offer a framework that captures both context-dependency and vagueness of predicate meanings—illustrated by the politically relevant case of woman—as an interaction of lexical meaning and Question under Discussion (‘QUD’). W...

José Morgado introduced in 1962 a novel notion of hyperlattices, which he called reticuloides. In his master’s thesis submitted in 1971 (under the supervision of Newton da Costa), Antonio M. Sette introduced a new class of implicative hy...

If one believes that $2+2=4$, then one also believes that either $2+2=4$ or 971 is a cousin prime number. This follows from doxastic logics based on standard Kripke relational semantics, which validate disjunction introduction for belief. However, this p...

Rationality has long been considered the quintessence of humankind. However, psychological experiments revealing reliable divergences in performances on reasoning tasks from normative principles of reasoning have cast serious doubt on the venerable d...

Analogies are an important part of human cognition for learning and discovering new concepts. There are many different approaches to defining analogies and how new ones can be found or constructed. We propose a novel approach in the tradition of stru...

Inquisitive modal logic ${\mathrm{InqML}}_{⊞}$ is a natural generalization of basic modal logic, with ⊞ as a primitive modal operator. In this paper, we study the bisimulation quotients in the logic ${\mathrm{InqML}}_{⊞}$. For a given inquisitive modal model $\mathfrak{M}=(W,$...

We present an extension and generalization of Sahlqvist–van Benthem correspondence to the case of distribution-free modal logic, with, or without negation and/or implication connectives. We follow a reductionist strategy, reducing the correspon...

This work contextualizes the possibility of deriving a unifying artificial intelligence framework by walking in the footsteps of General, Explainable, and Verified Artificial Intelligence (GEVAI): by considering explainability not only at the level o...

Logics of Statements in Context have been proposed as a general framework to describe and relate, in a uniform and unifying way, a broad spectrum of logics and specification formalisms, which also comprise “open formulas”. In particular,...

I aim to examine Val Plumwood’s feminist account of logic, as presented by Plumwood, using the frameworks developed by Elliott and McKaughan, and Intemann. Plumwood argues that relevance logic is the appropriate logical system for feminist reas...

We study knowable informational dependence between empirical questions, modeled as continuous functional dependence between variables in a topological setting. We also investigate epistemic independence in topological terms and show that it is compat...

We present Stratified Metric Temporal Logic (SMTL), a novel formalism for specifying and verifying the properties of complex cyber–physical systems that exhibit behaviors across multiple temporal and abstraction scales. SMTL extends existing te...

In this paper, we study three algorithmic problems involving computation trees: the optimization, solvability, and satisfiability problems. The solvability problem is concerned with recognizing computation trees that solve problems. The satisfiabilit...

This article initiates the semantic study of distribution-free normal modal logic systems, laying the semantic foundations and anticipating further research in the area. The article explores roughly the same area, though taking a different approach,...

The paper shows the deductive equivalence between bilateral (and multilateral) proof systems based on signed formulas and proof systems based on multiple derivability relations.

This article contributes to recent results in the model theory of distribution-free logics (which include a Goldblatt-Thomason theorem and a development of their Sahlqvist theory) by lifting van Benthem’s characterization result for modal logic...

An algebraic proof of the Nishimura theorem on one-generated Heyting algebras is presented.

Homophily, which means similarity breeds association, is one of the most fundamental principles in social organization. However, in some cases, homophily is not significant, because actors’ perceptions of others differ from the real situation....

Non-Tarskian interpretations of many-valued logics have been widely explored in the logic literature. The development of non-tarskian conceptions of logical consequence set the theoretical foundations for rediscovering well-known (Tarskian) many-valu...

This paper considers a specification rewriting meachanism for a specific fragment of Linear Temporal Logic for Finite traces, DECLAREd, working through an equational logic and rewriting mechanism under customary practitioner assumptions from the Busi...

The logico-pluralist LogiKEy knowledge engineering methodology and framework is applied to the modelling of a theory of legal balancing, in which legal knowledge (cases and laws) is encoded by utilising context-dependent value preferences. The theory...

Recently, historians have discussed the relevance of the nineteenth-century mathematical discipline of projective geometry for early modern classical logic in relation to possible solutions to semantic problems facing it. In this paper, I consider He...

In this paper, we produce an extension of Englebretsen’s line diagrams in order to represent modal syllogistic, i.e., we add some diagrammatic objects and rules to his system in order to reason about modal syllogistics in a diagrammatic, linear...

We revise our former definition of graph operations and correspondingly adapt the construction of graph term algebras. As a first contribution to a prospective research field, Universal Graph Algebra, we generalize some basic concepts and results fro...

We show that intuitionistic propositional logic is Carnap categorical: the only interpretation of the connectives consistent with the intuitionistic consequence relation is the standard interpretation. This holds with respect to the most well-known s...

This paper proposes a bilateral analysis of connexivity, presenting a bilateral natural deduction system for a weak connexive logic. The proposed logic deviates from other connexive logics and other bilateral logics in the following respects: (1) The...

In this paper we explain the different meanings of the word “logic” and the circumstances in which it makes sense to use its singular or plural form. We discuss the multiplicity of logical systems and the possibility of developing a unify...

We build and study dynamic versions of epistemic logic. We study languages parameterized by an action signature that allows one to express epistemic actions such as (truthful) public announcements, completely private announcements to groups of agents...

The extension of the (ordinary) institution theory of Goguen and Burstall, known as the theory of stratified institutions, is a general axiomatic approach to model theories where the satisfaction is parameterized by states of models. Stratified insti...

We give a proof-theoretic as well as a semantic characterization of a logic in the signature with conjunction, disjunction, negation, and the universal and existential quantifiers that we suggest has a certain fundamental status. We present a Fitch-s...

This paper is an overview of some recent and ongoing developments of formal logical systems designed for reasoning about systems of rational agents who act in pursuit of their individual and collective goals, explicitly specified in the language as a...

Reasoning is one of the most important and distinguished human activities [...]

Logic (from ancient Greek “λογικὴ τέχνη (logiké téchnē)”—“thinking art”, “procedure”) is a multidisciplinary field of research stud...