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To meet the demand for increasing global food production while using limited water resources, crop water stress must be improved in agriculture. Remote-sensing-based plant stress indicators have the benefits of high spatial resolutions, a cheap cost,...

Pakistan is primarily an agricultural nation. Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan economy and accounts for around 19.3% of its total gross domestic product. Pakistan ranks among the world’s top 10 producers of wheat, maize, rice, cotton, an...

A weather forecast is a result of applying science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere in a selected location and time in the future. The main input is a collection of data (atmospheric, land, and ocean), and the resulting outp...

Air pollution is a major environmental risk to human health and wellbeing, and a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Particularly affected are the vulnerable populations of women, pregnant women, children, people with disabilities, and...

Pakistan depends heavily on the Indus River Basin System (IRBS) which is essential for meeting the great majority of Pakistan’s agricultural and home consumption requirements. The Indus River is responsible for over 90% of Pakistan’s agri...

Return periods (Ts) are used to estimate the interval of time between natural hazard occurrences of a certain size and assess the risks associated with hydrological occurrences, climate extremes, structural failures and seismicity. Despite Ts being w...

Floods hit Jakarta and several areas in the Ciliwung–Cisadane Watershed. The rain that occurred on 31 December 2019 stopped briefly and continued until 1 January 2020. As a result, several areas were flooded for several days. It is said that th...

In this study, a simple, environment-friendly, and cost-effective method is developed to synthesize metallic nanoparticles (NPs) from natural waste residues, such as onion, potato, tea, and moringa, and the effect of extract residues on efficiency, y...

Heating and Cooling Degree Days (HDD, CDD) are indicative of the energy needs of buildings and also are associated with agriculturalism, tourism and other outdoor activities. Under the changing climate, future modifications of HDD and CDD are of prim...

Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) are rare electrical discharges occurring in the middle and upper atmosphere above thunderstorms. The results of systematic observations of TLEs in a region that includes Greece and its surrounding area during a 2-year...

Snow significantly affects the economy of many European countries, especially in the sector of winter tourism. It affects the operation of ski resorts, the mountain real estate, and can cause disruptions in transportations. The objective of this stud...

Climate variation in temperature describes the fluctuations that occur above or below the average temperature over time. This study focuses on the analysis of various approaches for calculating the average temperature to better capture and represent...

In this study, we present a comprehensive and detailed analysis to identify and quantify spatial patterns of heavy, very heavy, and extremely heavy rainfall, as well as the trends that have developed over the past seven decades (1951 to 2020) of the...

This study deals with the effect of clouds and aerosols on solar photovoltaic energy in the urban environments and conditions of Athens, Cairo, Granada and Vienna, so that there is diversity in terms of cloud presence, aerosol types and irradiation l...

Throughout the history of Earth, significant changes in its climate and consequent alterations to its surface have been recorded. One of the most extreme forms is the complete coverage of the planet by ice, known as Snowball Earth. This theory explai...

Conducted by the nonprofit organization Breathe Mongolia—Clean Air Coalition, this study investigated ambient air pollution in Ulaanbaatar, focusing on the significant role of coal briquette combustion within ger areas. This combustion not only...

Flash floods are considered one of the most devastating and frequent extreme climatological natural hazards in the world. El Minya is one of the most vulnerable areas in Egypt for flash flood problems. It was affected by several hazardous historical...

The availability of portable water in sufficient quantity and standard quality is one of the basic requirements of a civilization. The study area of this present work is the University of Kashmir, where the existing WDS has served its function for mo...

Freshwater scarcity is a global concern and is caused by the overuse of water, exceeding the sustainable level. In Pakistan, overpopulation, climate change alleviation, and economic development influence the asset of water. For water management, deve...

Air pollution is a serious issue in most parts of Bihar, especially in its capital city, Patna. The air quality in Patna has significantly worsened due to factors like rapid urbanization, increased traffic, and various natural and human-related cause...

The study of water quality is crucial given the amount of industrial, agricultural, and other human activities at the sampling sites. The aim of the study was to assess the physicochemical characteristics and selected contamination patterns of water...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used in meteorology research due to their ability to overcome challenges such as difficult access to hazardous locations and the need for high-resolution and real-time data. UAVs provide accurate...

In the prospect of greener transportation means and global emission limitations for the protection of the environment, the electric vehicles’ market share is constantly increasing. It is expected that 32% of new vehicles sold in 2030 will be pu...

Methane is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, whose emissions need to be mitigated to curb global warming. There is a large uncertainty about its point source, but thanks to a new generation of high-spatial-resolution satellites,...

In this work, we present a comprehensive study on fish detection in underwater environments using sonar images from the Caltech Fish Counting Dataset (CFC). We use the CFC dataset, initially designed for tracking purposes, to optimize and evaluate th...

Recently, the Italian government has announced IRIDE, a new Earth observation program. IRIDE will likely be completed by 2026 under the management of the European Space Agency (ESA) and with the support of the Italian Space Agency (ASI). IRIDE is an...

Remote sensing images are an essential tool for mapping the amount of flood inundation after flood events. For early flood estimation, flood mapping is a crucial component. This study used an integration of geospatial techniques to evaluate the flood...

Land use and land cover (LULC) change is a major driver of environmental change in District Bahawalnagar, Punjab. LULC change can lead to changes in soil quality, water availability, and climate, all of which can affect crop yields. LULC change can a...

One of the main crops cultivated in Greece is the olive tree. In recent years, olives around the Mediterranean Basin and especially in Greece have been facing increasingly high temperatures and are more often exposed to water deficits, inducing sever...

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a major oceanic circulation system in the Atlantic Ocean, which transports heat to the poles and cold saline waters to the tropics. The AMOC mechanism is responsible for many climate and weath...

The microalgae-microbial fuel cell (mMFC) enables us to perform secondary and tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater while simultaneously producing green electricity. In this work, the treatment of wastewater and producing electricity using a dual...

The present study examines the rainfall-runoff-based model development by using artificial neural networks (ANNs) models in the Yerli sub-catchment of the upper Tapi basin for a period of 36 years, i.e., from 1981 to 2016. The created ANN models were...

Waterspout outbreaks are very impressive phenomena defined as multiple waterspouts successively forming in a specific area. This study presents the twelve largest waterspout outbreak cases that have occurred in the last two decades (2000–May 20...

The effects of climate change are now evident on a global level and indisputable even to the most skeptical. Melting ice, rising sea levels, and changing climate zones are a daily occurrence and subject of debate in the media. Beyond the obvious effe...

Climate change (changes in temperature and weather patterns) plays a significant role in the outbreak of tick-borne diseases such as Lyme borreliosis (LB) disease and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe. The prevalence of LB disease has increased...

The emergence of Machine learning (ML) algorithms has shown competency in a variety of fields and are growing in popularity in their application to geospatial science issues. Most recently, and notably, ML algorithms have been applied to flood suscep...

Addressing a natural hazard’s complexity is essential in preventing human fatalities and conserving natural ecosystems as natural hazards are varied and unbalanced in both time and place. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to presen...

One of the impacts of climate change is an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events. This has very significant social and economic consequences for the affected areas (flooding, loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, e...

Mykonos is one of the fastest growing Greek islands, and it attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists, mainly in the summer months. A consequence of this rapid development is an ever-increasing energy demand. Solar energy exploitation is the topic o...

In rural areas, water treatment plants use rudimentary techniques to evaluate turbidity. However, the incorrect measurement of turbidity can result in poor water quality and, as a result, health issues for its users because it is a crucial indicator...

Numerical weather prediction models exhibit errors while simulating atmospheric processes. To provide alerts for weather hazards, early warning systems are fed with forecast data from these models. The success of such an early warning system requires...

Despite the demand for clean water, it is commonly deficient. In the past two decades, there has been renewed interest in the development of clean water generation processes from atmospheric moisture. Atmospheric water generation is a two-stage proce...

Weather prediction is a key aspect of today’s society and its activities. Accurate predictions are crucial for efficiently organizing human activities, particularly in the agricultural, transportation and energy sectors. In this paper, two deep...

The Colombian environmental policies in the 2022–2026 Development Plan align with international guidelines such as the Escazú Agreement, the Rio Declaration, and the Sustainable Development Goals. In concordance with these ongoing effort...

Accurate precipitation measurements are very important as an input for water resources management and various hydrometeorological applications. The Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) (IMERG) satellite pre...

Precipitation is a key component of the hydrological cycle and directly affects water availability and hydrometeorological hazards. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of two reanalysis precipitation datasets, ERA5 and ERA5-lan...

The aim of this research is to find out the effects of different degrees of drought stress on the growth index and yield of semi-late rice. In this experiment, a pot experiment was conducted with hybrid Tian-you-hua-zhan rice as material. Intermitten...

We investigate future changes of agro-climatic zones over Europe under two different IPCC Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) based on an ensemble of 11 bias-corrected regional climate model simulations covering the period 1981&...

Crop yield prediction at plot scale is a vitally important magnitude for farmers at the socio-economic level. This study aims to quantify rice yield using phenological metrics from a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series derived f...

Soil moisture (SM) is an important variable related to the health of terrestrial ecosystems, agriculture, the continental water cycle, etc. It also provides an opportunity for drought monitoring, flood forecasting, weather forecasting, and the calibr...