Journal Description
Molbank
Molbank
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal comprised of a unique collection of one-compound-per-paper short notes on synthetic compounds and natural products published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), Reaxys, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 14.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2025).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
0.4 (2024)
Latest Articles
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Manganese(I) Complexes Ligated by 2-Azabutadienes (ArS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2042; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2042 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
The thioether-functionalized 2-azabutadienes (ArS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2 (L1 Ar = Ph, L2 Ar = p-Tol) ligate to [Mn(CO)5Br] to form the octahedral five-membered S, N-chelate complexes fac-[MnBr(CO)3{(ArS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2] (1 Ar
[...] Read more.
The thioether-functionalized 2-azabutadienes (ArS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2 (L1 Ar = Ph, L2 Ar = p-Tol) ligate to [Mn(CO)5Br] to form the octahedral five-membered S, N-chelate complexes fac-[MnBr(CO)3{(ArS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2] (1 Ar = Ph; 2 Ar = p-Tol), whose crystal structures have been solved by X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group P212121, whereas 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P . The secondary interactions occurring in the packing have also been assessed by an Atoms in Molecules (AIM) topological analysis.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Structure Determination)
►
Show Figures
Open AccessShort Note
6-Amino-4-phenylpyrrolo[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine-5-carbonitrile
by
Andreas S. Kalogirou, Andreas Kourtellaris and Panayiotis A. Koutentis
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2043; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2043 - 28 Jul 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The reaction of 2-(3-chloro-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ylidene)malononitrile with ammonia in anhydrous THF, at ca. 20 °C, for 24 h, gave 6-amino-4-phenylpyrrolo[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine-5-carbonitrile in 95% yield. The product was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, SC-XRD, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, FTIR, and UV-vis
[...] Read more.
The reaction of 2-(3-chloro-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ylidene)malononitrile with ammonia in anhydrous THF, at ca. 20 °C, for 24 h, gave 6-amino-4-phenylpyrrolo[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine-5-carbonitrile in 95% yield. The product was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, SC-XRD, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, FTIR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions were observed in the solid state between the C≡N and N-H groups of adjacent molecules.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessShort Note
1,3,4,5-Tetra-O-benzoyl-α-d-tagatopyranose
by
Yiming Hu, Akihiro Iyoshi, Yui Makura, Masakazu Tanaka and Atsushi Ueda
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2041; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2041 - 22 Jul 2025
Abstract
d-Tagatose, a rare sugar, is recognized as a low-calorie sweetener, used in daily life. Although d-tagatose exhibits intriguing biological activities, the synthesis of its derivatives has rarely been reported. In this study, we developed a method for synthesizing 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-benzoyl-α-
[...] Read more.
d-Tagatose, a rare sugar, is recognized as a low-calorie sweetener, used in daily life. Although d-tagatose exhibits intriguing biological activities, the synthesis of its derivatives has rarely been reported. In this study, we developed a method for synthesizing 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-benzoyl-α-d-tagatopyranose through the regioselective benzoylation of d-tagatose in a single step, achieving an 88% yield on a gram scale. Additionally, 1,2,3,4,5-penta-O-benzoyl-α-d-tagatopyranose and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-benzoyl-α-d-tagatofuranose were synthesized in 50% yield as a 7:1 mixture. The structures of the three new benzoylated d-tagatose derivatives were confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS analyses.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Organic Synthesis and Biosynthesis)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessShort Note
Benzyl-N-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]carbamate
by
Lucrezia Spinelli, Matteo Mori and Laura Fumagalli
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2040; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2040 - 21 Jul 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Heterocycles—cyclic compounds containing at least one non-carbon heteroatom (e.g., N, O, S)—are fundamental in medicinal chemistry due to their influence on a drug’s physicochemical and biological properties. They improve solubility, bioavailability, and facilitate molecular recognition through their electronic and hydrogen-bonding features. These properties
[...] Read more.
Heterocycles—cyclic compounds containing at least one non-carbon heteroatom (e.g., N, O, S)—are fundamental in medicinal chemistry due to their influence on a drug’s physicochemical and biological properties. They improve solubility, bioavailability, and facilitate molecular recognition through their electronic and hydrogen-bonding features. These properties make them indispensable in drug design. This study focuses on the synthesis of a key heterocyclic intermediate: benzyl-N-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]carbamate. This molecule incorporates a thiazole ring, known for its rigidity and electronic properties, that enhances target interactions. The 2-position bears a Cbz-protected amine, enabling orthogonal deprotection, while the 4-position features a hydroxyethyl side chain, providing a handle for further chemical modifications via nucleophilic substitution. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of this intermediate along with its full 1H and 13C NMR spectra, melting point, and crystal structure, confirming its identity and purity.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessCommunication
Synthesis and Characterization of Amide-Based Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives with Alkoxy Terminal Groups
by
Khairunnisa Abdul Rahim and Zuhair Jamain
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2039; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2039 - 21 Jul 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
A series of new amide-based cyclotriphosphazene molecules consisting of different terminal groups (heptyl, decyl, and tetradecyl) at the periphery was successfully synthesized and characterized. The reaction began with the alkylation of methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate with 1-bromoheptane, 1-bromodecane, and 1-bromotetradecane, which was followed by reduction with
[...] Read more.
A series of new amide-based cyclotriphosphazene molecules consisting of different terminal groups (heptyl, decyl, and tetradecyl) at the periphery was successfully synthesized and characterized. The reaction began with the alkylation of methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate with 1-bromoheptane, 1-bromodecane, and 1-bromotetradecane, which was followed by reduction with potassium hydroxide to form a series of benzoic acid intermediates (1a–c). These intermediates underwent a reaction with thionyl chloride, followed by a reaction with 4-nitroaniline and triethylamine, to form para-substituted amides (2a–c). Further reduction of intermediates 2a–c with sodium sulfide hydrate produced the anilines 3a–c. Another reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) with methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate yielded intermediate 4, which was then reduced with sodium hydroxide to form intermediate 5. Finally, chlorination of intermediate 5 with thionyl chloride, followed by a reaction with the aniline derivatives (3a–c), formed the hexasubstituted cyclotriphosphazene compounds 6a–c, with two amide linkages. The structures of these compounds were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and CHN elemental analysis.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessCommunication
Synthesis of 2-(2-((5″-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3,4′,4″-trioctyl[2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophen]-5-yl)methylene)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile
by
Alexia M. Frîncu, Lidia Căta, David Bălăceanu, Ion Grosu, Andreea P. Crișan and Anamaria Terec
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2038; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2038 - 18 Jul 2025
Abstract
A new π-conjugated acceptor–donor–acceptor small molecule, designed for applications in organic solar cells, containing a terthiophene core and indandione- and benzonitrile-based electron-withdrawing units, was synthesized via a multi-step process involving Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and Knoevenagel condensation reactions. The structure was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy,
[...] Read more.
A new π-conjugated acceptor–donor–acceptor small molecule, designed for applications in organic solar cells, containing a terthiophene core and indandione- and benzonitrile-based electron-withdrawing units, was synthesized via a multi-step process involving Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and Knoevenagel condensation reactions. The structure was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, and its optoelectronic properties were evaluated by UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Organic Synthesis and Biosynthesis)
►▼
Show Figures

Graphical abstract
attachment
Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 152 KiB)
Supplementary File 2 (INCHI, 289 B)
Supplementary File 3 (MOL, 816 B)
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 152 KiB)
Supplementary File 2 (INCHI, 289 B)
Supplementary File 3 (MOL, 816 B)
Open AccessShort Note
3-Methyl-2-((methylthio)methyl)but-2-enal
by
Huaxuan Zhang and Xingang Xie
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2037; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2037 - 16 Jul 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
During the Swern oxidation of 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol, an unexpected C-C bond formation product, 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)but-2-enal, was obtained. Its structure was characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. Based on the classical Swern oxidation mechanism and the unique structural features of the substrate, we propose
[...] Read more.
During the Swern oxidation of 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol, an unexpected C-C bond formation product, 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)but-2-enal, was obtained. Its structure was characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. Based on the classical Swern oxidation mechanism and the unique structural features of the substrate, we propose a plausible reaction pathway. This discovery not only provides insights into the selection of oxidation conditions for 1, 1-disubstituted homoallylic alcohols with analogous structures but also offers a viable synthetic route for the preparation of compounds containing the 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)but-2-enal motif.
Full article

Figure 1
attachment
Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 433 KiB)
Supplementary File 2 (MOL, 2 KiB)
Supplementary File 3 (INCHI, 760 B)
Supplementary File 4 (MOL, 2 KiB)
Supplementary File 5 (MOL, 3 KiB)
Supplementary File 6 (INCHI, 866 B)
Supplementary File 7 (MOL, 3 KiB)
Supplementary File 8 (CIF, 330 KiB)
Supplementary File 9 (CIF, 433 KiB)
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 433 KiB)
Supplementary File 2 (MOL, 2 KiB)
Supplementary File 3 (INCHI, 760 B)
Supplementary File 4 (MOL, 2 KiB)
Supplementary File 5 (MOL, 3 KiB)
Supplementary File 6 (INCHI, 866 B)
Supplementary File 7 (MOL, 3 KiB)
Supplementary File 8 (CIF, 330 KiB)
Supplementary File 9 (CIF, 433 KiB)
Open AccessCommunication
Two Cocrystals of Phenazine with Different Phenylboronic Acids
by
Stijn Germonpré, Subhrajyoti Bhandary and Kristof Van Hecke
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2036; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2036 - 14 Jul 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Boronic acids are an important class of molecules diversely used in organic synthesis, catalysis, medicinal chemistry, and for the design of functional materials. Particularly, aryl boronic acids in the solid state are known to exhibit pharmaceutical and photoluminescent properties for antimicrobial, sensing, and
[...] Read more.
Boronic acids are an important class of molecules diversely used in organic synthesis, catalysis, medicinal chemistry, and for the design of functional materials. Particularly, aryl boronic acids in the solid state are known to exhibit pharmaceutical and photoluminescent properties for antimicrobial, sensing, and drug delivery applications. Furthermore, the phenazine molecule is known for its diverse pharmacological properties, including antibiotic activity. In the case of molecular crystalline solids, it is well established that understanding noncovalent interactions remains key to designing or engineering their functional properties. While both aryl boronic acids and phenazine molecules individually represent an important class of compounds, their co-assembly in the crystalline state is of interest within the context of supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering. Herein, we report the supramolecular features of two newly synthesized cocrystals, which are composed of para-F/CF3-substituted phenylboronic acids, respectively, and phenazine, as demonstrated by structure analysis by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessShort Note
A Pyrene-Anchored Nickel N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Isoquinoline Complex Promotes CO2 Reduction
by
Xue Chen, Li-Li Yu, Shu-Ying Chen, Tong Wang and Quan Zhou
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2035; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2035 - 8 Jul 2025
Abstract
In this study, on the basis of a previous report, a pyrene-anchored nickel complex was designed and synthesized via five steps. The NMR spectra of the synthesized complex were found to exhibit significant proton and carbon chemical shift anisotropy. Cyclic voltammetry spectra showed
[...] Read more.
In this study, on the basis of a previous report, a pyrene-anchored nickel complex was designed and synthesized via five steps. The NMR spectra of the synthesized complex were found to exhibit significant proton and carbon chemical shift anisotropy. Cyclic voltammetry spectra showed that the introduction of pyrene slightly influenced the onset potential of CO2 reduction. Lastly, controlled-potential electrolysis experiments disclosed that a pyrene-anchored nickel carbene–isoquinoline (Ni−2) complex selectively converted CO2 into CH4 with a TON value of 2.3 h−1.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessShort Note
Diethyl 3-(4-Bromobenzoyl)-7-(4-pyridyl)indolizine-1,2-dicarboxylate
by
Mihaela Cristea, Mihai Răducă, Maria Gdaniec, Sergiu Shova, Nicoleta Doriana Banu and Florea Dumitrascu
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2032; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2032 - 7 Jul 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The title compound, C26H21BrN2O5 (Compound 4), was obtained via our previously described procedure with modifications, i.e., via a facile one-pot three component reaction starting from commercially available materials. Compound 4 was crystallized from nitromethane. It
[...] Read more.
The title compound, C26H21BrN2O5 (Compound 4), was obtained via our previously described procedure with modifications, i.e., via a facile one-pot three component reaction starting from commercially available materials. Compound 4 was crystallized from nitromethane. It crystalized in a triclinic crystal system, in the P- space group. The crystal structure of 4 is described herein. Hirsfeld surface analysis, generated by the Crystal Explorer 21 software, was used to visualize the intermolecular close contacts in the title compound. The electrostatic, dispersion, and total energies in the crystal structure were calculated using the same program.
Full article

Graphical abstract
Open AccessShort Note
3′H-Spiro[dibenzo[c,h]xanthene-7,1′-isobenzofuran]-3′-one
by
Brian A. Chalmers, David B. Cordes, Aidan P. McKay, Iain L. J. Patterson, Nadiia Vladymyrova and Iain A. Smellie
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2033; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2033 - 7 Jul 2025
Abstract
Target compound 3′H-spiro[dibenzo[c,h]xanthene-7,1′-isobenzofuran]-3′-one (1) has long been known to be a by-product obtained from the preparation of naphtholphthalein. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated in the early 20th century; however, this compound has not
[...] Read more.
Target compound 3′H-spiro[dibenzo[c,h]xanthene-7,1′-isobenzofuran]-3′-one (1) has long been known to be a by-product obtained from the preparation of naphtholphthalein. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated in the early 20th century; however, this compound has not previously been fully characterized using modern techniques. In this report, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra are provided. X-ray crystallography is also used to characterize the title compound for the first time.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Structure Determination)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessShort Note
(5R,7R,11bR)-9-(di(1H-Indol-3-yl)methyl)-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,11,11a,11b-dodecahydrophenanthro[3,2-b]furan-5-yl Acetate
by
Jessica A. Perez-Rangel, Gabriela Servín-García, Atilano Gutiérrez-Carrillo, Alejandro Islas-Jácome, Luis Chacón-García, Rosa E. del Río and Carlos J. Cortés-García
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2034; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2034 - 7 Jul 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The semi-synthesis of the (5R,7R,11bR)-9-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,11,11a,11b-dodecahydrophenanthro[3,2-b]furan-5-yl acetate was performed via a pseudo-multicomponent reaction involving a double Friedel–Crafts alkylation between the natural product-derived aldehyde 6β-acetoxyvouacapane and the corresponding indole. The transformation was carried
[...] Read more.
The semi-synthesis of the (5R,7R,11bR)-9-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,11,11a,11b-dodecahydrophenanthro[3,2-b]furan-5-yl acetate was performed via a pseudo-multicomponent reaction involving a double Friedel–Crafts alkylation between the natural product-derived aldehyde 6β-acetoxyvouacapane and the corresponding indole. The transformation was carried out under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions using mortar and pestle grinding, with ZnCl2 as the catalyst. Structural elucidation of the target compound was accomplished using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), FT-IR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
Full article

Graphical abstract
Open AccessShort Note
N,N,N′-Tris(trimethylsilyl)-2-pyridinecarboximidamide
by
Mukaila A. Ibrahim, Kathryn E. Preuss and René T. Boeré
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2031; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2031 - 3 Jul 2025
Abstract
N,N,N′-tris(trimethylsilyl)-carboximidamides are effective reagents in synthetic chemistry in reactions with both non-metal and metal halides, because the side product is the mild and volatile ClSi(CH3)3 rather than corrosive HCl. The title compound inserts the 2-pyridylamidinate
[...] Read more.
N,N,N′-tris(trimethylsilyl)-carboximidamides are effective reagents in synthetic chemistry in reactions with both non-metal and metal halides, because the side product is the mild and volatile ClSi(CH3)3 rather than corrosive HCl. The title compound inserts the 2-pyridylamidinate fragment into several non-metal systems, including custom chelating radical ligands. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure was determined and modeled by Hirshfeld atom refinement using custom aspherical atomic scattering factors. Excellent data quality led to a model with enhanced precision of all interatomic distances and free refinement of H-atom positions and anisotropic displacement ellipsoids. This structure model is compared to the four previously published analogous structures.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Structure Determination)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessShort Note
[1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,6(4H,7H)-dione
by
Lidia S. Konstantinova, Natalia V. Obruchnikova and Oleg A. Rakitin
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2030; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2030 - 1 Jul 2025
Abstract
Fused 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazoles are often used as biologically active compounds and organic optovoltaic materials. [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines are much less studied due to difficulties in their preparation. In this communication, [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,6(4H,7H)-dione, a key precursor for the synthesis of
[...] Read more.
Fused 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazoles are often used as biologically active compounds and organic optovoltaic materials. [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines are much less studied due to difficulties in their preparation. In this communication, [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,6(4H,7H)-dione, a key precursor for the synthesis of 5,6-dihalo-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines, was prepared via condensation of 1,2,5-thiadiazole-3,4-diamine with oxalic acid or oxalyl chloride. The structure of the newly synthesized compound was established by elemental analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Heterocycle Reactions)
►▼
Show Figures

Scheme 1
Open AccessShort Note
4-(4-Formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)butyric Acid (BAL)
by
Alex Lovstedt, Tracy R. Thompson and George Barany
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2029; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2029 - 26 Jun 2025
Abstract
The title compound, 4-(4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)butyric acid (BAL), is an important “handle” for solid-phase synthesis of peptides and related compounds. Reported here is an X-ray single crystal structural analysis of BAL. The molecule is almost entirely flat, and the crystal is held together by π-stacking
[...] Read more.
The title compound, 4-(4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)butyric acid (BAL), is an important “handle” for solid-phase synthesis of peptides and related compounds. Reported here is an X-ray single crystal structural analysis of BAL. The molecule is almost entirely flat, and the crystal is held together by π-stacking and hydrogen bonding.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Structure Determination)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessShort Note
4-([1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl]-2′-yloxy)-5-chlorophthalonitrile
by
Dmitry Erzunov, Vyacheslav Baklagin, Igor Abramov, Vladimir Maizlish, Roman Rumyantsev and Arthur Vashurin
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2028; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2028 - 24 Jun 2025
Abstract
The study focuses on the synthesis and detailed crystal structure analysis of 4-([1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl]-2′-yloxy)-5-chlorophthalonitrile. Using X-ray diffraction methods, the authors achieved the precise refinement of the atomic arrangement, revealing the specific spatial organization of molecules within the crystal lattice. The manuscript thoroughly discusses the
[...] Read more.
The study focuses on the synthesis and detailed crystal structure analysis of 4-([1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl]-2′-yloxy)-5-chlorophthalonitrile. Using X-ray diffraction methods, the authors achieved the precise refinement of the atomic arrangement, revealing the specific spatial organization of molecules within the crystal lattice. The manuscript thoroughly discusses the key intermolecular interactions—such as hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking—that govern the crystal packing. These interactions play a crucial role in stabilizing the structure and have a direct impact on the material’s physical and chemical properties, including its thermal stability and optical characteristics.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Structure Determination)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessCommunication
The Absolute Configuration Determination of Patagonic Acid
by
Eva E. Soto-Guzmán, Hilda J. Pagaza-Ibarra, Antonio J. Oliveros-Ortiz, Gabriela Rodríguez-García, Yliana López, Brenda Y. Bedolla-García, Carlos M. Cerda-García-Rojas, Christine Thomassigny, Mario A. Gómez-Hurtado, Armando Talavera-Alemán and Rosa E. del Río
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2027; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2027 - 23 Jun 2025
Abstract
(−)-Patagonic acid (1) is a clerodane diterpene isolated from several plants from the Alismataceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, and Velloziaceae families, and its biological potential as an inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and as an anti-inflammatory compound
[...] Read more.
(−)-Patagonic acid (1) is a clerodane diterpene isolated from several plants from the Alismataceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, and Velloziaceae families, and its biological potential as an inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and as an anti-inflammatory compound has been described. Furthermore, the enantiomer (+)-1 is also described in Fabaceae and Verbenaceae. A lack of formal studies about the absolute configuration (AC) determination of 1 is emphasized. Thus, the present manuscript describes the AC determination of patagonic acid (1). The chemical correlation of (−)-1 from (−)-hardwickiic acid (2) was achieved by a simplistic oxidative process. The specific rotation value and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis allowed for the AC determination of (−)-1 as (5R,8R,9S,10R)-(−)-patagonic acid. ECD revealed a positive exciton chirality (EC) phenomenon in both (−)-1 and (−)-2, which is directly associated with their configuration and conformational preferences, which were assessed by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/DGDZVP level of theory. Since the NMR data of (+)-1 are fully coincident with those from its enantiomer studied herein, the chirality of (5S,8S,9R,10S)-(+)-patagonic acid could also be determined. These experimental conclusions deeply complement the literature related to clerodane compounds biosynthesized in several families of plants of scientific interest.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Product Chemistry)
►▼
Show Figures

Graphical abstract
Open AccessShort Note
N-(2-((2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)furan-2-carboxamide
by
Diyana Dimitrova, Iliyan Ivanov, Stanimir Manolov and Dimitar Bojilov
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2025; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2025 - 20 Jun 2025
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the synthesis of N-(2-((2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)furan-2-carboxamide via a two-step reaction sequence. Initially, isatoic anhydride was reacted with tryptamine to afford the corresponding intermediate, which was subsequently subjected to acylation using furan-2-carbonyl chloride. The final product was
[...] Read more.
In the present study, we describe the synthesis of N-(2-((2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)furan-2-carboxamide via a two-step reaction sequence. Initially, isatoic anhydride was reacted with tryptamine to afford the corresponding intermediate, which was subsequently subjected to acylation using furan-2-carbonyl chloride. The final product was comprehensively characterized by melting point analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, IR, and MS spectrometry. The combined spectroscopic and analytical data unequivocally confirm the successful synthesis and structural integrity of the target compound.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Structure Determination)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessShort Note
2-(2-(Benzylamino)-2-Oxoethyl)-1-Methyl-1H-Pyrrole-3-Carboxylic Acid
by
Monika Fryc, Beata Gryzło, Pravin Kumar and Agnieszka Zagórska
Molbank 2025, 2025(3), M2026; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2026 - 20 Jun 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Here, 2-(2-(Benzylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid was efficiently synthesised in good yield via an amide coupling reaction between 2-carboxymethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid and benzylamine, employing TBTU as the coupling reagent and DIPEA as the base. The reaction was carried out in dichloromethane at room
[...] Read more.
Here, 2-(2-(Benzylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid was efficiently synthesised in good yield via an amide coupling reaction between 2-carboxymethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid and benzylamine, employing TBTU as the coupling reagent and DIPEA as the base. The reaction was carried out in dichloromethane at room temperature. The compound was characterised by melting point determination, 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The combined analytical data confirm the target molecule’s successful synthesis and structural integrity.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessShort Note
bis(2-Phenylpyridinato)-[4,4′-bis(iodoethynyl)-2,2′-bipyridine]-iridium(III) Hexafluorophosphate
by
Patrick Endres, Nishi Singh, Andreas Winter, Helmar Görls and Ulrich S. Schubert
Molbank 2025, 2025(2), M2024; https://doi.org/10.3390/M2024 - 18 Jun 2025
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This work presents the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel type of biscyclometalated Ir(III) complex, which is equipped with two iodoethynyl moieties on its 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) ligand. Iodoethynyl moieties represent prominent donor systems for the formation of supramolecular structures via halogen bonding
[...] Read more.
This work presents the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel type of biscyclometalated Ir(III) complex, which is equipped with two iodoethynyl moieties on its 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) ligand. Iodoethynyl moieties represent prominent donor systems for the formation of supramolecular structures via halogen bonding (X-bonding). The synthesis of bis(2-phenylpyridinato)-[4,4′-bis(iodoethynyl)-2,2′-bipyridine]iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate, (2)(PF6), is straightforward and involves post-complexation iodination, thus expanding the already rich toolbox for performing “chemistry on the complex”. The formation of the iodoethynyl moieties was unequivocally proven by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, ESI-TOF mass spectrometry, and single-crystal XRD analysis.
Full article

Figure 1
Highly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Catalysts, Chemistry, Molbank, Molecules, Sustainable Chemistry
Towards the Sustainable Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules in Green Solvents
Topic Editors: Antonio Salomone, Serena PerroneDeadline: 31 December 2025

Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Molbank
Carbonylation Chemistry in the Synthesis of High Value Added Compounds
Guest Editors: Bartolo Gabriele, Raffaella MancusoDeadline: 20 April 2026
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Molbank
Molecules from Catalytic Processes
Collection Editor: Nicola Della Ca’