Towards the Sustainable Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules in Green Solvents

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past decades, sustainability has become an imperative issue. In the field of organic synthesis, both academic and industrial scientists are making efforts to develop more environmentally friendly chemical processes. In the manufacturing, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, the solvents employed in synthetic methodologies represent 75–80% of the total waste generated. Indeed, the demand for sustainable alternatives that can replace hazardous solvents has become a subject of intense research today. It could be possible to reduce the environmental impact of chemical transformation through the choice of a suitable solvent, such as through the employment of green solvents derived from renewable sources. This Special Issue plans to give an overview of the most recent advances in the field of the sustainable synthesis of biologically active molecules. The issue aims to provide selected contributions on advances in the preparation of bioactive compounds in green solvents, such as deep eutectic solvents (DES), alcohols and polyols, supercritical CO₂, etc. Potential topics include, but are not limited to: Synthetic methodologies with a low environmental impact; The green synthesis of heterocycles; The more eco-friendly synthesis of compounds with possible applications in the biological pharmacological field; The synthesis of organic compounds in deep eutectic solvents; The synthesis of organic compounds in green alcohols; Synthetic strategies in supercritical CO₂.

Dr. Antonio Salomone
Dr. Serena Perrone
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Catalysts catalysts	3.8	6.8	2011	13.9 Days	CHF 2200	Submit
Chemistry chemistry	2.4	3.2	2019	17.2 Days	CHF 1800	Submit
Molbank molbank	0.6	0.7	1997	13.5 Days	CHF 500	Submit
Molecules molecules	4.2	7.4	1996	15.1 Days	CHF 2700	Submit
Sustainable Chemistry suschem	-	-	2020	32.3 Days	CHF 1000	Submit

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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All Catalysts Chemistry Molbank Molecules Sustainable Chemistry

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9 pages, 2051 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Beyond L-Proline: Investigation into the Catalytic Properties of Other Natural Amino Acids in an Organocatalytic Warfarin Synthesis

by Anna I. Wurz, Arhemy Franco-Gonzalez, Naomi R. Benson, Hope L. Jankowski, Sierra N. Carr, Ketan Chamakura, Lizbeth Chirinos, Sydney P. Coll, Kayla F. Ivory, Trinity J. Lamb, Shaya LeBauer, Grace L. McPherson, Thanh Nguyen, Jeimy Nolasco Guevara, Lily N. Parsad, Phuong Pham, Emma G. Piner, Kaci Richardson, Abdelhadi Bendjellal, Chelsea McRae and Robert M. Hughesadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list

Chemistry 2025, 7(2), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7020059 - 4 Apr 2025

Viewed by 313

Abstract

Proline is considered the model organocatalytic amino acid. However, other naturally occurring amino acids remain a potent and perhaps overlooked source of organocatalytic potential. In this work, we investigated the capacity of various natural amino acids to promote enantioselectivity in a synthesis of [...] Read more.

Proline is considered the model organocatalytic amino acid. However, other naturally occurring amino acids remain a potent and perhaps overlooked source of organocatalytic potential. In this work, we investigated the capacity of various natural amino acids to promote enantioselectivity in a synthesis of warfarin. We have identified L- and d-arginine as enantioselective catalysts for this reaction and have developed a recrystallization method to isolate the enantiomers of warfarin with high enantiopurity. In addition, we used methylated derivatives of arginine to provide insight into the reaction mechanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Towards the Sustainable Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules in Green Solvents)

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13 pages, 1901 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Pot-Economy Approach to the Synthesis of Triantennary GalNAc-Oligonucleotide

by Artem Evgenievich Gusev, Vladimir Nikolaevich Ivanov, Nikolai Andreevich Dmitriev, Aleksandr Viktorovich Kholstov, Vladislav Aleksandrovich Vasilichin, Ilya Andreevich Kofiadi and Musa Rakhimovich Khaitov

Molecules 2024, 29(24), 5959; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245959 - 17 Dec 2024

Viewed by 985

Abstract

N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is an efficient and multifunctional delivery tool in the development and synthesis of chemically modified oligonucleotide therapeutics (conjugates). Such therapeutics demonstrate improved potency in vivo due to the selective and efficient delivery to hepatocytes in the liver via receptor-mediated endocytosis, which [...] Read more.

N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is an efficient and multifunctional delivery tool in the development and synthesis of chemically modified oligonucleotide therapeutics (conjugates). Such therapeutics demonstrate improved potency in vivo due to the selective and efficient delivery to hepatocytes in the liver via receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is what drives the high interest in this molecule. The ways to synthesize such structures are relatively new and have not been optimized in terms of the yields and stages both in lab and large-scale synthesis. Another significant criterion, especially in large-scale synthesis, is to match ecological norms and perform the synthesis in accordance with the Green Chemistry approach, i.e., to control and minimize the amounts of reagents and resources consumed and the waste generated. Here, we provide a robust and resource effective pot-economy method for the synthesis of triantennary GalNAc and GalNAc phosphoramidite/CPG optimized for laboratory scales. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Towards the Sustainable Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules in Green Solvents)

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Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 1292 KiB)
Supplementary File 2 (MOL, 6 KiB)
Supplementary File 3 (INCHI, 2 KiB)
Supplementary File 4 (MOL, 6 KiB)
Supplementary File 5 (CIF, 1633 KiB)

7 pages, 1280 KiB  

Open AccessCommunication

New Allyl Derivative of Curcumin: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (1E,6E)-4-allyl-1,7-bis(4′-allyloxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione

by Anna A. Druzina, Olga B. Zhidkova, Sergey A. Anufriev, Ekaterina V. Dubasova, Ivan V. Ananyev, Samya Banerjee, Igor B. Sivaev and Vladimir I. Bregadze

Molbank 2024, 2024(4), M1905; https://doi.org/10.3390/M1905 - 24 Oct 2024

Viewed by 956

Abstract

A new allyl derivative of curcumin containing three allyl groups (1E,6E)-4-allyl-1,7-bis(4′-allyloxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione was synthesized by the reaction of curcumin with the excess of allyl bromide in the presence of K₂CO₃ in acetone under reflux. The triple-allylated curcumin [...] Read more.

A new allyl derivative of curcumin containing three allyl groups (1E,6E)-4-allyl-1,7-bis(4′-allyloxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione was synthesized by the reaction of curcumin with the excess of allyl bromide in the presence of K₂CO₃ in acetone under reflux. The triple-allylated curcumin was characterized by ¹H and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Towards the Sustainable Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules in Green Solvents)

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Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (PDF, 2217 KiB)
Supplementary File 2 (MOL, 3 KiB)
Supplementary File 3 (INCHI, 901 B)
Supplementary File 4 (MOL, 3 KiB)

8 pages, 973 KiB  

Open AccessCommunication

Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Mannich Base Nitrothiazole Derivatives

by Phelelisiwe S. Dube, Dylan Hart, Lesetja J. Legoabe, Audrey Jordaan, Digby F. Warner and Richard M. Beteck

Molbank 2024, 2024(1), M1793; https://doi.org/10.3390/M1793 - 18 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1815

Abstract

Nitrothiazole derivatives have been reported to exhibit activity against aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic bacteria. This activity profile makes the nitrothiazole compound class an ideal lead source against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which flourishes in varied environments with different oxygen concentrations. In this work, we [...] Read more.

Nitrothiazole derivatives have been reported to exhibit activity against aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic bacteria. This activity profile makes the nitrothiazole compound class an ideal lead source against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which flourishes in varied environments with different oxygen concentrations. In this work, we investigated six nitrothiazole derivatives for antitubercular activity. The compounds exhibited potent activity, with compounds 9 and 10 possessing an equipotent MIC₉₀ value of 0.24 µM. The compounds were investigated for cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells and hemolysis against red blood cells, and they demonstrated no cytotoxicity nor hemolytic effects, suggesting they possess inherent antitubercular activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Towards the Sustainable Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules in Green Solvents)

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Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 1728 KiB)
Supplementary File 2 (MOL, 2 KiB)
Supplementary File 3 (INCHI, 723 B)
Supplementary File 4 (MOL, 2 KiB)
Supplementary File 5 (CIF, 2173 KiB)

7 pages, 1222 KiB  

Open AccessShort Note

(3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl Benzenesulfonate

by Loubna Mokhi, Karim Chkirate, Xiaodong Zhang, Mohsine Driowya and Khalid Bougrin

Molbank 2023, 2023(4), M1732; https://doi.org/10.3390/M1732 - 22 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1695

Abstract

A novel single crystal of (3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl benzenesulfonate has been synthetized via a one-pot sequential strategy under sonication. The single crystal has been investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis. Hydrogen bonding between C–H···O and C–H···N produces a layer structure in the crystal. According to a [...] Read more.

A novel single crystal of (3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl benzenesulfonate has been synthetized via a one-pot sequential strategy under sonication. The single crystal has been investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis. Hydrogen bonding between C–H···O and C–H···N produces a layer structure in the crystal. According to a Hirshfeld surface analysis, interactions H···H (28.9%), H···O/O···H (26.7%) and H···C/C···H (15.8%) make the largest contributions to crystal packing. The optimized structure and the solid-state structure that was obtained through experiments are compared using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311 G + (d,p) level. The computed energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is 4.6548 eV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Towards the Sustainable Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules in Green Solvents)

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Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 1130 KiB)
Supplementary File 2 (MOL, 2 KiB)
Supplementary File 3 (INCHI, 588 B)
Supplementary File 4 (MOL, 2 KiB)
Supplementary File 5 (CIF, 1344 KiB)

11 pages, 3616 KiB  

Open AccessShort Note

2-(N-allylsulfamoyl)-N-propylbenzamide

by Ayoub El mahmoudi, Karim Chkirate, Loubna Mokhi, Joel T. Mague and Khalid Bougrin

Molbank 2023, 2023(3), M1678; https://doi.org/10.3390/M1678 - 30 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1349

Abstract

In this work, a new compound, 2-(N-allylsulfamoyl)-N-propylbenzamide, has been synthesized via a tandem one-pot reaction under sonication. The rotational orientations of the allylsulfamoyl and the amide groups in the title molecule, C₁₃H₁₈N₂O₃ [...] Read more.

In this work, a new compound, 2-(N-allylsulfamoyl)-N-propylbenzamide, has been synthesized via a tandem one-pot reaction under sonication. The rotational orientations of the allylsulfamoyl and the amide groups in the title molecule, C₁₃H₁₈N₂O₃S, are partly determined by an intramolecular N—H···O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, a layer structure is generated by N—H···O and C—H···O hydrogen bonds plus C—H···π (ring) interactions. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to crystal packing are from H···H (59.2%), H···O/O···H (23.5%), and H···C/C···H (14.6%) interactions. The optimized structure calculated using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6–311 G (d,p) level is compared with the experimentally determined structure in the solid state. The calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap is 5.3828 eV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Towards the Sustainable Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules in Green Solvents)

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Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (PDF, 238 KiB)
Supplementary File 2 (MOL, 2 KiB)
Supplementary File 3 (INCHI, 535 B)
Supplementary File 4 (MOL, 2 KiB)

3 pages, 364 KiB  

Open AccessShort Note

4,7-Dimethoxy-6-propyl-2H-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbaldehyde

by Dmitry V. Tsyganov and Victor V. Semenov

Molbank 2023, 2023(3), M1676; https://doi.org/10.3390/M1676 - 27 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1320

Abstract

A simple intermediate for the synthesis of methoxy-analogues of coenzymes Q with substituents having various chain lengths based on natural polyalkoxyallylbenzene apiol has been developed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Towards the Sustainable Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules in Green Solvents)

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