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Proceedings, 2019, CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019

Natural Products and the Hallmarks of Chronic Diseases—NutRedOx COST Action 16112

Luxemburg | 25–27 March 2019

Volume Editor: Marc Diederich, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea

Number of Papers: 40
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Cover Story (view full-size image): This Proceedings issue groups papers presented at the CA16112—Luxemburg 2019 meeting (25–27 March 2019). Topics included novel advances in oxidant and antioxidant research combined with [...] Read more.
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Editorial

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1 pages, 139 KiB  
Editorial
Natural Products and the Hallmarks of Chronic Diseases NutRedOx COST Action 16112—Personalized Nutrition in Ageing Society: Redox Control of Major Age-Related Diseases
by Marc Diederich, Linda Giblin and Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011026 - 18 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1199
Abstract
The Luxembourg meeting is the fourth meeting of the NutRedOx COST Action (CA16112), which started on 29 March 2017. [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)

Research

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2 pages, 156 KiB  
Abstract
Fatty Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3A2)-Dependent Neutralization of Advanced Lipid Peroxidation End Products (ALEs) at the Bifurcation of Hormetic and Degenerative Pathways in Pancreatic Beta Cells
by Shlomo Sasson
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011010 - 16 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1575
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia synergistically and adversely impair insulin secretion and ultimately lead to pancreatic beta cell decomposition. We found that both nutrient overload conditions displace arachidonic and linoleic acids from membrane phospholipids and subject them to free radical-mediated peroxidation and generation of advanced [...] Read more.
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia synergistically and adversely impair insulin secretion and ultimately lead to pancreatic beta cell decomposition. We found that both nutrient overload conditions displace arachidonic and linoleic acids from membrane phospholipids and subject them to free radical-mediated peroxidation and generation of advanced lipid peroxidation end products (ALEs), of which the aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is prominent. When present at high levels this electrophilic molecule binds covalently to nucleophilic moieties in proteins, phospholipids and nucleic acid, modifies their structure and function and leads to severe cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. However, when present at low and unharmful levels this same molecule activates the nuclear receptor PPARδ and augments insulin secretion. The level of endogenous 4-HNE is determined by the extent of lipid peroxidation on one hand, and by enzymatic neutralization of the aldehyde, on the other. The latter step is mediated by enzymatic processes of which the transformation of the aldehyde to the corresponding inactive carboxylic derivative 4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (4-HNA) is significant. The enzyme responsible for this transformation, which belongs to the large family of aldehyde dehydrogenases and selectively neutralizes fatty acid-derived aldehydes, is ALDH3A2, which is also known as fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). Consequently, we hypothesized that the expression level and function of ALDH3A2 may determine the fate of beta cells under nutrient overload conditions: insufficient neutralization of 4-HNE by the enzyme will lead to cell demise, whereas increased expression and function will extend the adaptive response of beta cells. This adaptive response that is characterized with increased insulin secretion enables effective storage of the nutrient surplus in peripheral tissues and organs while minimizing the dire consequences of the nutrient overload. We aimed at investigating the expression pattern of ALDH3A2 in pancreatic beta cells (the INS-1E cell line) under hyperglycemic condition without or with supplementation with saturated fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid). Our results show significant glucose- and palmitic acid-dependent induction of ALDH3A2 expression in the cells. We also found that the transformation of palmitic acid (16:1) to mono-unsaturated palmitoleic acid (16:1, cis 9) by the enzyme Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) decreased the burden of the lipid stress on the cells and abrogated the stimulus for the induction of ALDH3A2. Preliminary experiments indicated that the upregulation of the induction of ALDH3A2 was partly induced by PPARδ. These findings correlate to our previous discovery that the hormetic effects of 4HNE were mediated via activation of this nuclear receptor. In summary, this study assigns a central role to the enzyme ALDH3A2 in the protective mechanism beta cells employ to mitigate detrimental effects of ALEs, and divert them into hormetic agents, that by feedback mechanism through PPARδ increase ALDH3A2 expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
1 pages, 117 KiB  
Abstract
Epigenome-Wide Effects of Vitamin D
by Carsten Carlberg
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011017 - 17 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1298
Abstract
Vitamin D3 has, via its metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a high affinity to the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR), and thereby directly affects the epigenome of its target tissues. Changing the transcriptome results in modulation of physiological [...] Read more.
Vitamin D3 has, via its metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a high affinity to the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR), and thereby directly affects the epigenome of its target tissues. Changing the transcriptome results in modulation of physiological function, such as calcium homeostasis and the response of innate and adaptive immunity. Genome-wide datasets on the 1,25(OH)2D3-triggered binding of VDR, its pioneer factors PU.1 and CEPBA, histone markers and chromatin accessibility in THP-1 human monocytes compared to those obtained in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vitaminD3-supplemented human volunteers (VitDbol study) allow the assessment of the epigenome-wide effects of vitamin D. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
4 pages, 526 KiB  
Abstract
Diagnosis of Biological Activities by Mass Spectrometry
by Vincent Carré, Pierre Leroy and Patrick Chaimbault
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011036 - 29 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1124
Abstract
Oxidative reactions are vital but also cause important stresses and cellular damages resulting in cancers, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidant secondary metabolites from plant can be mobilized for the cell defense and their main source is precisely the food intake such as vegetables, [...] Read more.
Oxidative reactions are vital but also cause important stresses and cellular damages resulting in cancers, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidant secondary metabolites from plant can be mobilized for the cell defense and their main source is precisely the food intake such as vegetables, fruits or beverages. Screening natural active metabolites in plants requires different analytical techniques among which mass spectrometry became one of the most popular, not just because of its ability to provide structural information on involved molecules but also because this technique belongs to the arsenal of diagnostic tool for the determination of biological activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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1 pages, 127 KiB  
Abstract
Musculoskeletal Ageing—Dietary Modification of Longevity Mechanisms to Improve Skeletal Health
by James R. Edwards
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011038 - 24 May 2019
Viewed by 1109
Abstract
Ageing is inextricably linked to a deterioration of the musculoskeletal system. This suggests factors governing lifespan might also impact the maintenance of skeletal integrity throughout life. The Oxford Musculoskeletal Ageing group studies the causes and consequences of skeletal ageing. Recent findings indicate dietary [...] Read more.
Ageing is inextricably linked to a deterioration of the musculoskeletal system. This suggests factors governing lifespan might also impact the maintenance of skeletal integrity throughout life. The Oxford Musculoskeletal Ageing group studies the causes and consequences of skeletal ageing. Recent findings indicate dietary constituents (polyphenols, omega 3 fatty acids, polyamines) have the potential to activate longevity mechanisms in vitro and prevent the onset of age-related disorders in vivo. Alterations in RedOx mediators, autophagic flux, sirtuin enzymes and senescence all contribute to an inter-linked ageing nexus manipulated by diet, to maintain health throughout life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
2 pages, 166 KiB  
Abstract
Blood Surrogate Epigenetic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis Reveal Common Signature of Inflamm-Aging-Disorders
by Ken Declerck and Wim Vanden Berghe
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011039 - 11 Jun 2019
Viewed by 1288
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most well-known epigenetic modification of DNA. This epigenetic mark is crucial in controlling gene expression profiles, maintaining cellular identity, genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation. Furthermore, DNA methylation is plastic and can adapt to environmental stimuli, acting as a cellular [...] Read more.
DNA methylation is the most well-known epigenetic modification of DNA. This epigenetic mark is crucial in controlling gene expression profiles, maintaining cellular identity, genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation. Furthermore, DNA methylation is plastic and can adapt to environmental stimuli, acting as a cellular memory of past events. Whereas epigenetic DNA methylation profiling in cancer diagnostics is now well established, associations with other chronic age-associated diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurological diseases have recently started to be explored for prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Upon genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of whole blood samples from atherosclerotic patients, we characterized various atherosclerosis specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Interestingly, similar DMRs were also observed in other age-and inflammation-associated diseases, like obesity, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, both in blood as well as in brain and tumor tissues. This suggests that inflammaging diseases share a common epigenetic signature of the immune system, which is different from the classic epigenetic clock signature. Furthermore, a cardio-protective flavanol-rich diet intervention can partially reverse this inflammaging disease associated epigenetic pattern. We found that this methylation profile mainly reflects shifts in immune cell type composition and infiltrating immune cell populations. Upon correcting for differences in immune cell composition in blood samples, we identified BRCA1 DNA methylation as an atherosclerosis-specific methylation biomarker irrespective of variations in immune cell biomarkers. How BRCA1 DNA methylation differentially promotes cancer, neurodegeneration or atherosclerosis pathologies requires further investigation. In conclusion, atherosclerosis patient blood samples reveal inflammaging and atherosclerosis-specific DNA methylation biomarkers, which could potentially be used as lifestyle biomarkers to estimate disease risk of neurodegeneration, cardiometabolic disorders and cancer in aging populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)

Other

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3 pages, 198 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Effects of an Exercise Test on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
by Antoni Sureda, Xavier Capó, Margalida Monserrat, Laura Gallardo-Alfaro, Catalina M. Mascaró, Emma Argelich, Pere A. Borràs, Antoni Pons and Josep A. Tur
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011001 - 15 Apr 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1361
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and chronic
low-grade inflammation. The effects of an exercise test at 60–70% of the maximum capacity was
evaluated on inflammatory and antioxidant response in elderly people suffering from metabolic
syndrome. Exercise induced significant [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and chronic
low-grade inflammation. The effects of an exercise test at 60–70% of the maximum capacity was
evaluated on inflammatory and antioxidant response in elderly people suffering from metabolic
syndrome. Exercise induced significant increases in plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and
malondialdehyde. The expression of these cytokines and antioxidant enzymes were also increased
in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha
were unchanged. In conclusion, the exercise test induces a situation of oxidative stress that
promotes the activation of a proinflammatory cytokine cascade. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
3 pages, 208 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Herbs Extracts in the Treatment and Prevention of Experimental Metabolic Disorders: Synergistic Hypoglycemic Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Hypericum alpestre and Rumex obtusifolius
by Anush Aghajanyan, Mikayel Ginovyan and Armen Trchounian
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011002 - 15 Apr 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1619
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a metabolic condition characterized by high blood glucose level due to the disturbances of carbohydrate, lipids and protein metabolism. These disorders lead to impaired of insulin secretion and β-cell dysfunction. It is known that continuous and long-term use of synthetic anti-diabetic [...] Read more.
Hyperglycemia is a metabolic condition characterized by high blood glucose level due to the disturbances of carbohydrate, lipids and protein metabolism. These disorders lead to impaired of insulin secretion and β-cell dysfunction. It is known that continuous and long-term use of synthetic anti-diabetic drugs can have side effects including hepatic impairment. Thus, the identifications of potent hypoglycemic agents from natural sources of both medicinal and edible plants with minimum side effects, is desirable. Synergetic hypoglycemic activity in experimental animals (rabbits) was shown with ethanol extracts of a mixture of the plant species Hypericum alpestre and Rumex obtusifolius. The chemical composition of these extracts was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The plant extracts mixture and natural products extracted from medicinal plant sources have potential for treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
3 pages, 192 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Targeting the Resistance in Multiple Myeloma
by Micaela Freitas, Mark E. Issa and Muriel Cuendet
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011003 - 16 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1235
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. That disease has a rather low incidence but displays a high rate of relapse and resistance to conventional therapies. It is therefore necessary to [...] Read more.
Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. That disease has a rather low incidence but displays a high rate of relapse and resistance to conventional therapies. It is therefore necessary to find new therapeutic strategies to overcome this resistance, which is partly attributed to a subpopulation of cells known as cancer stem cells. Withanolides and HDAC6 selective inhibitors were identified as promising compounds in various resistant multiple myeloma models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
5 pages, 463 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
A Three-Step Approach to Estimation of Reduction Potentials of Natural Mixtures of Antioxidants Based on DPPH Test; Illustration for Catechins and Cocoa
by Barbara Kusznierewicz, Monika Baranowska, Klaudia Suliborska, Wojciech Chrzanowski and Agnieszka Bartoszek
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011004 - 16 Apr 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1488
Abstract
The aim of this study is to propose a methodology to assess electrochemical properties of complex mixtures of antioxidants, such as plant extracts, based on the results of simple and popular DPPH test. The first, most difficult step, involves determinations of standard reduction [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to propose a methodology to assess electrochemical properties of complex mixtures of antioxidants, such as plant extracts, based on the results of simple and popular DPPH test. The first, most difficult step, involves determinations of standard reduction potentials (E0) for the series of purified compounds (here catechins). The next step is the calculation of stoichiometric values (n10) based on the results of DPPH test for the same compounds. Finally, a correlation equation is formulated, which is then employed to estimate “cumulative reduction potential” (Ec) for the mixture of interest (here cocoa) using DPPH test results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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2 pages, 182 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Resveratrol-Dependent Stimulation of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation in Deficient Cells. Implication of miRNAs
by Virginie Aires, Dominique Delmas, Fatima Djouadi, Jean Bastin, Mustapha Cherkaoui and Norbert Latruffe
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011005 - 16 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1142
Abstract
The mitochondrial-located enzyme Carnitine palmitoyltransferase [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
5 pages, 493 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Regulation of Cellular Redox Homeostasis by (–)-Epicatechin and Cocoa Extracts—A Pilot Study
by Vanja Todorovic, Monika Baranowska, Sladjana Sobajic and Agnieszka Bartoszek
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011006 - 16 Apr 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1641
Abstract
Cocoa polyphenols play an important role in protection against diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated as a causal or contributing factor. The main aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of different cocoa extracts and main cocoa bioactive compound (–)-epicatechin [...] Read more.
Cocoa polyphenols play an important role in protection against diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated as a causal or contributing factor. The main aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of different cocoa extracts and main cocoa bioactive compound (–)-epicatechin on cell growth and support of antioxidant cellular barrier in colon adenocarcinoma cell line model (HT29). Results show that the tested cocoa bioactivity results from concerted interactions between epicatechin and other components. Hence, cocoa is a very good example which supports the food synergy concept that is attracting growing interest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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3 pages, 528 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Oxidative Stress Applied in Diabetes Mellitus-A New Paradigm
by Anca Pantea Stoian, Grigorina Mitrofan, Florian Colceag, Cristian Serafinceanu, Eugenia Eftimie Totu, Veronica Mocanu, Daniela Mănuc and Elena Mihaela Cărăuşu
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011007 - 16 Apr 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1375
Abstract
Although obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are well-known risk factors for type 2 diabetes, at molecular level, the oxidative stress is regarded as the primary contributor to the pathogenic process. Our work intends to evidence how the thinking models influence the way that [...] Read more.
Although obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are well-known risk factors for type 2 diabetes, at molecular level, the oxidative stress is regarded as the primary contributor to the pathogenic process. Our work intends to evidence how the thinking models influence the way that medical practitioners understand the pathogenic mechanisms. Some research groups focused lately on the system’s dynamics and Complex Systems Theory. The living organisms as a complex system could be analyzed applying the network concept. Alternative methods for characterizing biological processes or phenomena based on feedback node structure have been developed [1]. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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2 pages, 186 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Role of a Polyphenol-Rich Dietary Pattern in the Modulation of Intestinal Permeability in Older Subjects: The MaPLE Study
by Stefano Bernardi, Cristian Del Bo’, Simone Guglielmetti, Antonio Cherubini, Paul Kroon, Benjamin Kirkup, Nicole Hidalgo Liberona, Gregorio Peron, Raúl González-Domíinguez, Cristina Andrés-Lacueva and Patrizia Riso
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011008 - 16 Apr 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1449
Abstract
The inevitable rise of the proportion of people aged [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
4 pages, 361 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
The Effect of High Pressure Processing on Antioxidant Activity of Irish Potato Cultivars
by Konstantina Tsikrika and Dilip K. Rai
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011009 - 16 Apr 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1432
Abstract
The effect of High Pressure Processing (HPP) on Irish potato cultivars’ antioxidant activity (AOA) was examined. High Pressure Processing at 600 MPa for 3 min was applied to two coloured (Rooster and Kerr’s Pink) and two white (Saxon and Gemson) Irish potato varieties. [...] Read more.
The effect of High Pressure Processing (HPP) on Irish potato cultivars’ antioxidant activity (AOA) was examined. High Pressure Processing at 600 MPa for 3 min was applied to two coloured (Rooster and Kerr’s Pink) and two white (Saxon and Gemson) Irish potato varieties. Antioxidant activity was assayed spectrophotometrically by ferric reducing antioxidant power and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl methods. No statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05) change in antioxidant activity was observed in both the AOA methods irrespective of the HPP treatments, although a slight increase in the activity was noted in the majority of the HPP treated samples. This implies that HPP treatment has little role in improving the functional qualities, and can be tailored to improve the quality and safety of the commonly consumed potatoes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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2 pages, 192 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
FOXO Transcription Factors: Regulators of Metabolism and Stress Resistance
by Lars-Oliver Klotz
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011011 - 16 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1580
Abstract
FOXO (Forkhead box, class O) proteins are transcriptional regulators ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells with roles in modulating fuel metabolism, stress resistance and cell death. FOXO transcription factors are regulated by redox processes at several levels, including enzymatic and nonenzymatic posttranslational modification. Target [...] Read more.
FOXO (Forkhead box, class O) proteins are transcriptional regulators ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells with roles in modulating fuel metabolism, stress resistance and cell death. FOXO transcription factors are regulated by redox processes at several levels, including enzymatic and nonenzymatic posttranslational modification. Target genes controlled by FOXO proteins include genes encoding antioxidant proteins, thus likely contributing to the key role FOXOs play in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Here, an overview is provided on (i) the modulation of FOXO proteins by thiol depleting agents, (ii) consequences of thiol depletion for stress resistance and life span of a model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans and (iii) the role of FOXO proteins therein. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
2 pages, 200 KiB  
Extended Abstract
Helicobacter pylori in Health and Disease: Its Contribution to Gastrointestinal Disorders and Systemic Metabolic Effects
by Andriy Cherkas, Serhii Holota, Mariia Lopachak and Ostap Yatskevych
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011012 - 16 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1094
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common human infections worldwide and it is estimated that more than half of global population is affected. [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
4 pages, 251 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Fast, Sensitive and Robust Determination of Nicotinic Acid (Vitamin B3) Contents in Coffee Beverages Depending on the Degree of Roasting and Brewing Technique
by Leon Buckel, Jonathan Isaak Kremer, Simone Stegmüller and Elke Richling
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011013 - 16 Apr 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2047
Abstract
The vitamin B3 (niacin) is present in various foods. During roasting of green coffee beans, niacin is formed from the alkaloid trigonelline. Therefore, we established a novel fast and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method to determine niacin in coffee brews from five commercially available coffee [...] Read more.
The vitamin B3 (niacin) is present in various foods. During roasting of green coffee beans, niacin is formed from the alkaloid trigonelline. Therefore, we established a novel fast and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method to determine niacin in coffee brews from five commercially available coffee samples. Additionally, we investigated the influence of the brewing method, brewing temperature, and degree of roasting on niacin contents. In the respective coffee brews, we were able to show that the content of niacin in coffee beverages is not only affected by the degree of roasting, but also by the extraction performance of different brewing methods to a lesser extent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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3 pages, 192 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Nano or Micro: 3 Different Particles to Deliver and Protect S-Nitrosoglutathione for Oral Route Administration
by Yi Zhou, Caroline Gaucher, Isabelle Fries and Marianne Parent
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011014 - 16 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1301
Abstract
As a physiological nitric oxide donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a promising candidate for several diseases (e.g., stroke and atherosclerosis). However, its clinical application has been limited by its low stability. In order to protect GSNO suitable for oral route administration and to [...] Read more.
As a physiological nitric oxide donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a promising candidate for several diseases (e.g., stroke and atherosclerosis). However, its clinical application has been limited by its low stability. In order to protect GSNO suitable for oral route administration and to achieve sustained release, 3 different particles from nano-size to micro-size were obtained by a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) or solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) double emulsion/solvent evaporation method. The 3 different particles tuned out to have similar encapsulation efficiency while the microparticles showed longer release time. Finally, the 3 formulations have been successfully lyophilized for long term stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
4 pages, 206 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Antioxidant Properties of S-Nitrosoglutathione and Nanotechnologies
by Marianne Parent, Yi Zhou, Justine Bonetti, Caroline Perrin-Sarrado, Isabelle Lartaud, Anne Sapin-Minet and Caroline Gaucher
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011015 - 16 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1435
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are associated with oxidative stress and a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). To counteract both processes, the administration of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) can be envisaged. GSNO is able to induce protein S-nitrosation (Pr-SNO), which is a post-translational modification of [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases are associated with oxidative stress and a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). To counteract both processes, the administration of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) can be envisaged. GSNO is able to induce protein S-nitrosation (Pr-SNO), which is a post-translational modification of proteins, participating in the storage of NO in tissues, and protect thiol functions from oxidation. However, GSNO antioxidant power is poorly studied, which is probably linked to its low stability. This low stability can be addressed by nanotechnologies that will increase GSNO protection and provide a sustained release of the drug. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
1 pages, 151 KiB  
Extended Abstract
Effect of Nigella sativa Oil in a Rat Model of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis
by Cinzia Nasuti, Laura Bordoni, Donatella Fedeli and Rosita Gabbianelli
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011016 - 16 Apr 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1234
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
5 pages, 214 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Quantification and Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Disease
by Michael J. Davies
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011018 - 17 Apr 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1448
Abstract
There is now strong evidence that the redox environment inside cells is very different to that outside the cell, and that many extracellular environments are both more oxidizing and also subject to extensive oxidation. This difference in redox environments results in significant changes [...] Read more.
There is now strong evidence that the redox environment inside cells is very different to that outside the cell, and that many extracellular environments are both more oxidizing and also subject to extensive oxidation. This difference in redox environments results in significant changes in oxidation chemistry and biology, altered redox equilibria, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. It is also increasingly apparent that oxidation events both inside and outside cells (extracellular oxidation) play a critical role in driving many diseases. Many extracellular proteins are highly abundant, long-lived and relatively poorly protected against damage. They can therefore accumulate high levels of modification during ageing and chronic disease, resulting in their use as biomarkers of long-term oxidative stress. Furthermore, increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidized extracellular matrix materials play a key role in determining cell function and fate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
5 pages, 251 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Effects of Vine Shoot Extract on Riboflavin-Induced DNA Damage in HepG2 Cells
by Christine Fuchs, Tamara Bakuradze and Elke Richling
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011019 - 17 Apr 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2138
Abstract
Winery by-products, including pomace, stem, vine leaves and shoots, arise in high amounts during the wine-making process. Due to high contents of secondary plant metabolites, such as polyphenols, their usage in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry is possible. In this study, we [...] Read more.
Winery by-products, including pomace, stem, vine leaves and shoots, arise in high amounts during the wine-making process. Due to high contents of secondary plant metabolites, such as polyphenols, their usage in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry is possible. In this study, we investigated effects of an extract prepared from vine shoots (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling) on riboflavin-induced DNA damage in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 by comet assay. Significant decreases of DNA damages were detected after 2 h and 24 h extract incubation at concentration ranges of 1 to 30 µg/mL (2 h) and 1 to 10 µg/mL (24 h), respectively. These effects may be attributable to polyphenolic compounds, which has to be further investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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4 pages, 245 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
DNA Methylation Changes Induced by Redox-Active Compounds—Choosing the Right PCR-Based Method
by Patrycja Jakubek, Jovana Rajić, Monika Baranowska, Melita Vidaković, Agnieszka Bartoszek and Jacek Namieśnik
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011020 - 17 Apr 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1455
Abstract
The impact of catechins on the expression profile of redox-related genes in HT29 cell line has been studied recently by our group using Oxidative Stress RT2 Profiler PCR Array. Within the examined panel of 84 genes, the down-regulation of SRXN1 gene was unique [...] Read more.
The impact of catechins on the expression profile of redox-related genes in HT29 cell line has been studied recently by our group using Oxidative Stress RT2 Profiler PCR Array. Within the examined panel of 84 genes, the down-regulation of SRXN1 gene was unique among other up-regulated genes. We hypothesized that the observed down-regulation resulted from DNA methylation and have exploited this observation to choose the proper strategy to monitor the changes in DNA methylation patterns incurred by dietary antioxidants. The current study verified two PCR-based approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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4 pages, 236 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
2,3-Dehydroderivatives of Silymarin Flavonolignans: Prospective Natural Compounds for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases
by Kateřina Valentová, David Biedermann and Vladimír Křen
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011021 - 17 Apr 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1596
Abstract
Silybum marianum fruit extract silymarin displays various biological activities, which are attributed mostly to its major component silybin. However, silymarin contain several other isomeric flavonolignans (isosilybin, silychristin, silydianin) and their oxidation products, the 2,3-dehydroflavonolignans (2,3-dehydrosilybin, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin, 2,3-dehydrosilydianin). The latter compounds were found to [...] Read more.
Silybum marianum fruit extract silymarin displays various biological activities, which are attributed mostly to its major component silybin. However, silymarin contain several other isomeric flavonolignans (isosilybin, silychristin, silydianin) and their oxidation products, the 2,3-dehydroflavonolignans (2,3-dehydrosilybin, 2,3-dehydrosilychristin, 2,3-dehydrosilydianin). The latter compounds were found to be 1-2 orders of magnitude more efficient radical scavengers, reducing, chelating, cytoprotective, anti-aging, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic agents than the parent flavonolignans. Although 2,3-dehydroflavonolignans occur in silymarin as minorities, they seem to be responsible for the majority of the biological activity and therefore have potential for the prevention of chronic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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4 pages, 309 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Phytochemical Combinations Modulate the Activation of Nrf2 and Expression of SOD in Pancreatic Cancer Cells More Efficiently Than Single Plant Components
by Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak, Marta Cykowiak and Wanda Baer-Dubowska
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011022 - 17 Apr 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1574
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma mainly occurs in elderly people. Thus, the management of pancreatic cancer in the aging population is becoming increasingly relevant. In this preliminary study we evaluated the effect of selected phytochemicals and their combinations on the expression and activation of Nrf2 transcription [...] Read more.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma mainly occurs in elderly people. Thus, the management of pancreatic cancer in the aging population is becoming increasingly relevant. In this preliminary study we evaluated the effect of selected phytochemicals and their combinations on the expression and activation of Nrf2 transcription factor in the human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA-Pa-Ca-2. Treatment for 24 h with xanthohumol (X), resveratrol (RES), indole-3-carbinol (I3C) or phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) had no effect on the expression and activation of Nrf2, or the expression of the SOD gene controlled by Nrf2. However, combinations of these phytochemicals significantly increased Nrf2 activation and subsequently the expression of SOD. The most efficient were the mixtures of resveratrol and glucosinolates degradation products, I3C and PEITC. These results indicate that combinations of phytochemicals resembling that occurring in natural diets may efficiently modulate the signaling pathways, whose proper function is important for pancreatic cancer prophylaxis or improving the results of conventional therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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4 pages, 583 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Vitamin C by Voltammetric Methods
by Klaudia Suliborska, Monika Baranowska, Agnieszka Bartoszek, Wojciech Chrzanowski and Jacek Namieśnik
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011023 - 17 Apr 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2733
Abstract
Voltammetric methods—cyclic (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are considered the most appropriate way to evaluate antioxidant activity of redox active compounds. They provide information about both mechanism and kinetics of electrochemical oxidation of antioxidants as well as their physical and chemical properties [...] Read more.
Voltammetric methods—cyclic (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are considered the most appropriate way to evaluate antioxidant activity of redox active compounds. They provide information about both mechanism and kinetics of electrochemical oxidation of antioxidants as well as their physical and chemical properties such as the redox potential or the number of electrons transferred. These methods are helpful for understanding the mechanisms of oxidation or reduction processes of antioxidant compounds. This work presents the electrochemical properties of vitamin C obtained by both CV and DPV methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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3 pages, 189 KiB  
Extended Abstract
Inspired by Nature: Redox Modulators and Natural Nanoparticles
by Muhammad Jawad Nasim, Rama Alhasan, Ahmad Yaman Abdin, Faez Alnahas and Claus Jacob
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011024 - 18 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1402
Abstract
Numerous secondary metabolites found in edible plants modulate intracellular redox processes and are suggested to prevent certain diseases, especially in ageing organisms. Since such nutraceuticals provide the basis for new and innovative designer diets and therapies, extracting these substances and their potential from [...] Read more.
Numerous secondary metabolites found in edible plants modulate intracellular redox processes and are suggested to prevent certain diseases, especially in ageing organisms. Since such nutraceuticals provide the basis for new and innovative designer diets and therapies, extracting these substances and their potential from plants has become a focus of research, with nanotechnology and natural nanoparticles at the centre of some of these developments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
4 pages, 373 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Comparison of Redox Properties of Flavonoid Aglycones and Corresponding Glycosides and Their Mixtures in the Cellular Model
by Zuzanna Koziara, Monika Baranowska, Agnieszka Bartoszek and Jacek Namieśnik
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011025 - 18 Apr 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1677
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds commonly found in plants. As dietary components, they have been shown to exhibit numerous pro-health properties that are believed to be associated with their antioxidant effects. In this study, the antioxidant activity of four flavonoid compounds was determined by [...] Read more.
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds commonly found in plants. As dietary components, they have been shown to exhibit numerous pro-health properties that are believed to be associated with their antioxidant effects. In this study, the antioxidant activity of four flavonoid compounds was determined by cellular antioxidant activity assay using HT29 cells as a model of the alimentary tract. The strongest impact on cellular redox status was observed for aglycones which acted as both antioxidants (quercetin) and prooxidants (naringenin). Interestingly, mixtures of tested compounds displayed only antioxidative properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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2 pages, 174 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Thiol-Modification as Important Mode of Action for Allicin from Garlic (Allium sativum)
by Martin C. H. Gruhlke
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011027 - 18 Apr 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1736
Abstract
Garlic is a common ingredient in food, normally used as spice but is also used since ancient times for its health beneficial activity. The thiosulfinate allicin is the first active compound in freshly damaged garlic tissue and reacts with thiol-groups. Hence, allicin is [...] Read more.
Garlic is a common ingredient in food, normally used as spice but is also used since ancient times for its health beneficial activity. The thiosulfinate allicin is the first active compound in freshly damaged garlic tissue and reacts with thiol-groups. Hence, allicin is able to modify thiol groups, both of protein cysteine-residues and low-molecular weight thiols like glutathione. This thiol-modification is supposed to be an important mechanism for allicin’s biological activity. Here, the mechanisms and possible targets for allicin in cells are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
2 pages, 233 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Hydroquinone-Derivatives Induce Cell Death in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
by Sungmi Song, Claudia Cerella, Barbora Orlikova-Boyer, Ali Al-Mourabit and Marc Diederich
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011028 - 19 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1598
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ) is a phenolic metabolite of benzene, which is used as a skin whitener. Insects synthesize this natural compound as a deterrent and mushrooms as a toxin. Pro-apoptotic effects of HQ were previously documented on various cancer cell types. Here we investigated [...] Read more.
Hydroquinone (HQ) is a phenolic metabolite of benzene, which is used as a skin whitener. Insects synthesize this natural compound as a deterrent and mushrooms as a toxin. Pro-apoptotic effects of HQ were previously documented on various cancer cell types. Here we investigated the cell-death inducing mechanisms of this compound in chronic myeloid leukemia cell models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
2 pages, 174 KiB  
Extended Abstract
Targeted Anticancer Strategies with Garlic Derivatives
by Claudia Cerella, Esma Yagdi Efe, Mario Dicato and Marc Diederich
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011029 - 19 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1355
Abstract
Diallyl polysulfides from edible plants have been widely investigated in cancer research holding the promise of a translational application. [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
2 pages, 183 KiB  
Extended Abstract
Natural Compounds as Epigenetic Modulators in Cancer
by Michael Schnekenburger, Hélène Losson, Manon Lernoux, Cristina Florean, Mario Dicato and Marc Diederich
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011030 - 19 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1201
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene function that are mediated by
mechanisms other than nucleotide alterations in the primary DNA sequence [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
4 pages, 207 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Chlorogenic Acid as a Model Compound for Optimization of an In Vitro Gut Microbiome-Metabolism Model
by Olivier Mortelé, Elias Iturrospe, Annelies Breynaert, Christine Lammens, Xavier Basil Britto, Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar, Philippe Jorens, Luc Pieters, Alexander L. N. van Nuijs and Nina Hermans
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011031 - 19 Apr 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2122
Abstract
It has been believed that the metabolism of xenobiotics occurred mainly by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in the liver. However, recent data clearly suggest a significant role for the gut microbiota in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds. This microbiotic biotransformation could lead [...] Read more.
It has been believed that the metabolism of xenobiotics occurred mainly by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in the liver. However, recent data clearly suggest a significant role for the gut microbiota in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds. This microbiotic biotransformation could lead to differences on activation, inactivation and possible toxicity of these compounds. In vitro models are generally used to study the colonic biotransformation as they allow easy dynamic and multiple sampling over time. However, to ensure this accurately mimics communities in vivo, the pre-analytical phase requires optimization. Chlorogenic acid, a polyphenolic compound abundantly present in the human diet, was used as a model compound to optimize a ready-to-use gut microbiome biotransformation platform. Samples of the in vitro gastrointestinal dialysis-model with colon stage were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Complementary screening approaches were also employed to identify the biotransformation products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
2 pages, 155 KiB  
Extended Abstract
Using Nanoparticles as Gene Carrier (Vectors) in Cell
by Mdzinarashvili Tamaz, Khvedelidze Mariam, Shekiladze Eka and Lomadze Elene
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011032 - 24 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1104
Abstract
There are many complicated pathogenic diseases caused by cell genes that are incorrectly
expressed or not sufficiently active for normal cell functioning [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
2 pages, 173 KiB  
Extended Abstract
Cytoprotective and Antioxidants in Peroxisomal Neurodegenerative Diseases
by Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki, Saad Shaaban, Mounia Tahri-Joutey, Ahmed Elshobaky, Fatima-Ezzahra Saih, Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur, Claus Jacob, Boubker Nasser, Norbert Latruffe and Pierre Andreoletti
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011033 - 28 Apr 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1496
Abstract
Several of the peroxisomal neurodegenerative disorders are the consequence of a specific deficiency of an enzyme or a transporter involved in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids [1,2]. [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
3 pages, 195 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Quest for Bioactive Compounds in Our Diet with Anti-Ageing and Anti-Aggregation Properties
by Nikoletta Papaevgeniou, Eleni Panagiotidou, Konstantina Filippopoulou and Niki Chondrogianni
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011034 - 29 Apr 2019
Viewed by 1536
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process affected by both genetic and environmental factors, characterized by a gradual failure of functionality, reduced stress response and resistance, leading to enhanced probability for age-related diseases and mortality. During the last decades, natural compounds have attracted the attention [...] Read more.
Ageing is a complex process affected by both genetic and environmental factors, characterized by a gradual failure of functionality, reduced stress response and resistance, leading to enhanced probability for age-related diseases and mortality. During the last decades, natural compounds have attracted the attention of researchers in the quest of bioactive phytochemicals with anti-ageing properties. For a few of these compounds an extra advantage appears; many of them have been shown to decelerate the progression of age-related diseases with emphasis on aggregation-related diseases. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans along with the replicative senescence model of human primary fibroblasts, we have identified compounds that are part of our diet with anti-oxidation, anti-ageing and anti-aggregation activities. Some of the identified compounds promote their anti-ageing activity through activation of the proteasome, others through the activation of Nrf2 transcription factor, while others through inhibition of glucose transporters (GLUTs). Our work identifies new bioactive compounds with anti-ageing and/or anti-aggregation properties or reveals additional beneficial properties on already known bioactive compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
4 pages, 236 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Effect of Bioavailable Whey Peptides on C2C12 Muscle Cells
by Stephen Knowles, Sarah Gilmartin, Elena Arranz, Nora O’Brien and Linda Giblin
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011035 - 29 Apr 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1544
Abstract
Whey proteins are highly valued food ingredients. This study examines the health benefits to muscle cells of six individual whey peptides known to cross the intestinal barrier. Results indicate that peptides KVPQ, NLPPL, VAGT, VGIN and PVPQ protect undifferentiated C2C12 myoblasts from free [...] Read more.
Whey proteins are highly valued food ingredients. This study examines the health benefits to muscle cells of six individual whey peptides known to cross the intestinal barrier. Results indicate that peptides KVPQ, NLPPL, VAGT, VGIN and PVPQ protect undifferentiated C2C12 myoblasts from free radical damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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2 pages, 168 KiB  
Extended Abstract
Effects of Diet and Exercise on Endocrine Function of Skeletal Muscle
by Jedrzej Antosiewicz, Andzelika Borkowska, Malagorzata Halon-Golabek, Jakub Kortas, Ewa Ziemann and Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011037 - 6 May 2019
Viewed by 1329
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has been recognized as an endocrine tissue that releases appreciable amounts of circulating proteins, called myokines. [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
2 pages, 226 KiB  
Extended Abstract
Protective Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on Arterial Stiffness
by Nina Hermans, Bieke Steenput, Lynn Roth, Guido De Meyer, Claudia Nunes dos Santos, Kateřina Valentová, Maija Dambrova and Tess De Bruyne
Proceedings 2019, 11(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011040 - 5 Aug 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality, with 17.9 million deaths/year worldwide and 3.9 million deaths/year in Europe, representing a cost to the EU economy of €210 billion/year [1,2]. [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of CA16112 - Luxemburg 2019)
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