Processes, Volume 8, Issue 10

Background: Despite the widespread use of newer basal insulins, Natural Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin still represents a well-established basal formulation with its long history of use, featuring the native form of human insulin. However, NPH insu...

High cell density cultivation (HCDC) is developed for the production of microbial biomasses and their products. They must be produced from high concentrations of substrate, e.g., glucose or sucrose. In batch culture, a high concentration of those sug...

This paper proposes a motor fault detection method based on wavelet transform (WT) and improved PSO-BP neural network which is combined with improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a back propagation (BP) neural network with linearly increasin...

Results from an investigation of the mechanical size reduction with the Szego Mill™ as a pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass are presented. Pretreatment is a highly expensive and energy-consuming step in lignocellulosic biomass proc...

Biomass gasification is nowadays considered a viable option for clean energy production. Furthermore, still more efforts need to be spent to make this technology fully available at commercial scale. Drawbacks that greatly limit the full-time plant av...

In this paper, a data clustering method named consensus fuzzy k-modes clustering is proposed to improve the performance of the clustering for the categorical data. At the same time, the coupling DNA-chain-hypergraph P system is constructed to realize...

Lyophilization stabilizes formulated biologics for storage, transport and application to patients. In process design and operation it is the link between downstream processing and with final formulation to fill and finish. Recent activities in Qualit...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have the characteristics of large-scale deployment, flexible networking, and many applications. They are important parts of wireless communication networks. However, due to limited energy supply, the development of WSN...

In industrial processes, a semi-cavity area formed by airflow wherein the particles circulate is called a “raceway”. In a blast furnace, the role of the raceway is particularly important. To understand and predict the evolution and physic...

Relating the macroscopic properties of porous media such as capillary pressure with saturation is an on-going problem in many fields, but examining their correlations with microstructural traits of the porous medium is a challenging task due to the h...

Chromatographic separation processes need efficient simulation methods, especially for nonlinear adsorption isotherms such as the Langmuir isotherms which imply the formation of concentration shocks. The focus of this paper is on the space–time...

In order to study the internal flow characteristics of centrifugal pumps with a split impeller under gas-liquid mixed transportation conditions, this paper conducted a steady calculation of the flow field in the centrifugal pump under the conditions...

Slurry concentration and wire speed affect the yield and machining quality of ceramics (Al₂O₃) that are produced using wire-saw machining (WSM). This study determines the effect of slurry concentration and wire speed on the material removal rate (MRR...

A solar tracker can be defined as an electromechanical system capable of following the apparent path of the Sun, in order to orient an array of solar panels and/or collectors directly to the solar rays, maximizing the collected energy. Accordingly, t...

In the arid west, the freshwater supply of many communities is limited, leading to increased interest in tapping brackish water resources. Although reverse osmosis is the most common technology to upgrade saline waters, there is also interest in deve...

Biotechnological processes involving the presence of microorganisms are realized by using various types of stirred tanks or laboratory-scale dual-impeller commercial bioreactor. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer rate are crucial parameters describing t...

For the fast and improved development of bioprocesses, new strategies are required where both strain and process development are performed in parallel. Here, a workflow based on a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) algorithm is described for t...

Pepper berry (Piper nigrum L.) is known as the king of spices and has sharp, pungent flavour and aroma. In this study, the physical properties (weight, dimensions, sphericity, volume, surface area, and projected area) were measured, and the mass of p...

Nowadays, the transport sector is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution in cities. The use of renewable energies is therefore imperative to improve the environmental sustainability of this sector. In this regard,...

The chaotic mixing process in a continuous mixer plays an important role and has an essential influence on the performance of prepared materials. To reveal how a polymeric drop experienced the chaotic mixing and give more specific analysis about the...

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) poses a severe threat to public health officials all around the world. The early COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea displayed significant spatial heterogeneity. The number of confirmed cases increased rapidly in...

This paper proposes T-shaped ribs as obstacles attached to the heat absorber plate in a rectangular solar air heater to promote heat transfer. The thermal and aerodynamic performance of the solar heater was numerically evaluated using three-dimension...

The recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a land-based water treatment technology, which allows for farming aquatic organisms, such as fish, by reusing the water in the production (often less than 5%). This technology is based on the use of filte...

In this paper, an approach for the monitoring of biotechnological process kinetics is proposed. The kinetics of each process state variable is presented as a function of two time-varying unknown parameters. For their estimation, a general software se...

The study aimed to determine the textural, sensory, and antioxidant properties of gels composed of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) berries. These freeze-dried berries were tested in a powdered form as an additive (0–5%) to agave sugar (20%) gels....

A radial basis function neural network-based 2-satisfiability reverse analysis (RBFNN-2SATRA) primarily depends on adequately obtaining the linear optimal output weights, alongside the lowest iteration error. This study aims to investigate the effect...

Mezcal yeasts were evaluated for their potential as grape-juice fermenters, characterizing their fermentation performance, both in terms of primary and volatile metabolites. Experiments were first carried-out in a semi-synthetic medium and then on gr...

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) evaluated by ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ABTS, DPPH, and Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and total polyphenol content (TPC) by Folin–Ciocalteu were determined in Moringa ...

Natural gas hydrates represent a valid opportunity to counteract two of the most serious issues that are affecting humanity this century: climate change and the need for new energy sources, due to the fast and constant increase in the population worl...

Hydro energy is a kind of typical renewable energy, which can be converted by hydraulic machinery. However, tip leakage vortex (TLV) has a significant negative influence on the flow pattern and energy performance of hydraulic machinery. In this paper...

Real-time monitoring of product titers during process development and production of biotherapeutics facilitate implementation of quality-by-design principles and enable rapid bioprocess decision and optimization of the production process. Conventiona...

This study presents the procedure of deriving a compartmental model (CM) based on an analysis obtained from the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a bioreactor. The CM is composed of two parts, a structural (that takes into account the archi...

In group key management, the implementation of encryption often fails because multicast communication does not provide reliable linkage. In this paper, a new group key management scheme is proposed for multicast communication in fog computing network...

Internal Quenching is an innovative heat treatment method for difficult to access component sections. Especially, the microstructure, as well as the residual stress state at inner surfaces, of thick-walled tubes can be adjusted with the presented fle...

The unique perspective that microalgae biomass presents for bioenergy production is currently being strongly considered. This type of biomass production involves large amounts of nutrients, due to nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers, which impose pr...

A Monte Carlo simulation algorithm is developed to visualize the impact of various initiator feeding policies on the kinetics of free radical polymerization. Three cases are studied: (1) general free radical polymerization using typical rate constant...

The bioelectrochemical methane production from acetate as a non-fermentable substrate, glucose as a fermentable substrate, and their mixture were investigated in an anaerobic sequential batch reactor exposed to an electric field. The electric field e...

Air infiltration into the combustion chambers of industrial furnaces is an unwanted phenomenon causing loss of thermal efficiency, fuel consumption increase, and the subsequent increase in operating costs. In this study, a novel design for a rotary t...

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the chopping length and additive on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability in silage of Leymus chinensis. L. chinensis was chopped to 1–2 cm and 4–5 cm, and i...

Both molecular analyses and culture-dependent isolation were combined to investigate the diversity of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes and explore their role in sulfides production in full-scale anaerobic digesters (Marrakech, Morocco). At global scale,...

In the last years the greenhouse effect has been significantly intensified due to human activities, generating large additional amounts of Greenhouse gases (GHG). The fossil fuels are the main causes of that. Consequently, the attention on the compos...

In a moderate, transitory climate, to prevent freezing of outdoor pipes and collectors in solar thermal systems, anti-freezing fluids are commonly used. There is little experience of using water without any additives as a solar thermal fluid in such...

Renewable alternatives to fossil fuels, such as biodiesel, are necessary to lessen emission of greenhouse gases that are causing climate change. Using a high-pressure, medium-duty, common-rail, turbocharged four-cylinder diesel engine, this work stud...

In this study, continuous transesterification of refined palm oil by using radiation-induced kenaf denoted as anion exchange kenaf catalyst in a packed-bed reactor was developed. The application of full factorial design and response surface methodolo...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a quite high nutrient and widespread legume that is consumed globally. Similar to many plants, chickpea is sensitive to environmental stresses. The major goal of the breeders is to achieve the most tolerant cultivars....

Based on the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model, the influence of different outlet pipe angles on the head and efficiency of a boiler circulating pump was analyzed. When the outlet pipe angle changed from 115° to 130°, the head and...

Estimating groundwater recharge using mathematical models such as water budget or soil water balance method has been proved to be very difficult due to the complex, uncertain multidimensional nature of the process, despite the simplicity of the conce...

Mercury is a toxic and noxious element and is the only metal that naturally occurs as gas. One of the most challenging topics (included in the United Nations Minimata convention) is to understand the adsorption–release processes of manmade mate...

In biological neural networks, neurons transmit chemical signals through synapses, and there are multiple ion channels during transmission. Moreover, synapses are divided into inhibitory synapses and excitatory synapses. The firing mechanism of previ...

Paddy fields emit considerable amounts of methane (CH₄), which is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and, thereby, causes significant environmental impacts, even as they generate wealth and jobs directly in the agricultural sector, and indirectly in the f...