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Energies, Volume 18, Issue 19

October-1 2025 - 286 articles

Cover Story: An accurate estimation of wind energy productivity is crucial for the success of energy transition strategies in developing countries. This study investigates the use of machine learning and deep learning techniques to improve wind farm producibility assessments, tailored to the Pakistani context. SCADA data from a wind turbine in Türkiye were used to train and validate five predictive models. Random Forest proved most reliable and was then employed to simulate the annual production of a 5 × 5 wind farm at two representative sites in Pakistan—one onshore and one offshore. The onshore site yielded an LCOE of 0.059 USD/kWh, closely aligning with the IRENA’s 2024 national average of approximately 0.06 USD/kWh. In contrast, the offshore site exhibited an LCOE of 0.120 USD/kWh, thus underscoring the need for incentives to support offshore development in Pakistan’s renewable energy strategy. View this paper
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Articles (286)

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
732 Views
44 Pages

Optimization of Green Hydrogen Production via Direct Seawater Electrolysis Powered by Hybrid PV-Wind Energy: Response Surface Methodology

  • Sandile Mtolo,
  • Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh,
  • Nomcebo Happiness Mthombeni,
  • Katleho Moloi and
  • Sudesh Rathilal

9 October 2025

This study explored the optimization of green hydrogen production via seawater electrolysis powered by a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-wind system in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A Box–Behnken Design (BBD), adapted from Response Surface Methodology...

  • Article
  • Open Access
597 Views
22 Pages

Higher-Order Dynamic Mode Decomposition to Identify Harmonics in Power Systems

  • Aboubacar Abdou Dango,
  • Innocent Kamwa,
  • Himanshu Grover,
  • Alexia N’Dori and
  • Alireza Masoom

9 October 2025

The proliferation of renewable energy sources and distributed generation systems interfaced to the grid by power electronics systems is forcing us to better understand the issues arising due to the quality of electrical signals generated through thes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
512 Views
23 Pages

Rapid Temperature Prediction Model for Large-Scale Seasonal Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Unit

  • Donglin Zhao,
  • Mengying Cui,
  • Shuchuan Yang,
  • Xiao Li,
  • Junqing Huo and
  • Yonggao Yin

9 October 2025

The temperature of the thermal energy storage unit is a critical parameter for the stable operation of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) systems. However, existing temperature prediction models predominantly focus on estimating single-p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
419 Views
16 Pages

Simplified Mechanisms of Nitrogen Migration Paths for Ammonia-Coal Co-Combustion Reactions

  • Yun Hu,
  • Fang Wu,
  • Guoqing Chen,
  • Wenyu Cheng,
  • Baoju Han,
  • Kexiang Zuo,
  • Xinglong Gao,
  • Jianguo Liu and
  • Jiaxun Liu

9 October 2025

Ammonia–coal co-combustion has emerged as a promising strategy for reducing carbon emissions from coal utilization, although its underlying reaction mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. The Chemkin simulation of zero-dimensional homogen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
382 Views
27 Pages

9 October 2025

Maintaining a high-quality urban environment remains a critical yet challenging issue in modern cities, particularly in densely built and historically significant central areas. In response, the European Green Deal initiative aims to promote sustaina...

  • Article
  • Open Access
462 Views
25 Pages

Photo-Set: A Proposed Dataset and Benchmark for Physics-Based Cybersecurity Monitoring in Photovoltaic Systems

  • Afroz Mokarim,
  • Giovanni Battista Gaggero,
  • Giulio Ferro,
  • Michela Robba,
  • Paola Girdinio and
  • Mario Marchese

9 October 2025

Modern photovoltaic (PV) systems face increasing cybersecurity threats due to their integration with smart grid infrastructure. While previous research has identified vulnerabilities, the lack of standardized datasets has hindered the development and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
427 Views
27 Pages

9 October 2025

Operating power systems has become challenging due to the complexity of these systems. Stability studies are essential to ensure that a system operates under suitable conditions. Low-frequency oscillation modes (LFOMs) are one of the main branches of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
491 Views
18 Pages

A Flow-Based Approach for the Optimal Location and Sizing of Hydrogen Refueling Stations Along a Highway Corridor

  • Salvatore Micari,
  • Antonino Salvatore Scardino,
  • Giuseppe Napoli,
  • Luciano Costanzo,
  • Orlando Marco Belcore and
  • Antonio Polimeni

9 October 2025

The development of hydrogen refueling infrastructure plays a strategic role in enabling the decarbonization of the transport sector, especially along major freight and passenger corridors such as the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T). Despite...

  • Article
  • Open Access
683 Views
24 Pages

RANS-Based Aerothermal Database of LS89 Transonic Turbine Cascade Under Adiabatic and Cooled Wall Conditions

  • Davide Fornasari,
  • Stefano Regazzo,
  • Ernesto Benini and
  • Francesco De Vanna

9 October 2025

Modern gas turbines for aeroengines operate at ever-increasing inlet temperatures to maximize thermal efficiency, power, output and thrust, subjecting turbine blades to severe thermal and mechanical stresses. To ensure component durability, effective...

  • Review
  • Open Access
690 Views
12 Pages

High-Efficiency, Lightweight, and Reliable Integrated Structures—The Future of Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers

  • Jun Zhang,
  • Runjin Deng,
  • Yanyan Wang,
  • Conggan Ma,
  • Zhaojie Shen,
  • Yitao Shen,
  • Stuart M. Holmes and
  • Zhaoqi Ji

9 October 2025

The high efficiency, light weight, and reliability of hydrogen energy electrochemical equipment are among the future development directions. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and electrolyzers, as key components, have structures and strengths that...

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Energies - ISSN 1996-1073