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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2026) | Viewed by 4242

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marcin Pepliński

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Guest Editor

Department of Ship Electrical Power Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
Interests: power losses; heating and vibration of induction motors in the conditions of power quality disturbances
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce this Special Issue on the topic of “Modern Aspects of the Design and Operation of Electric Machines”. Electric machines perform very important tasks in the modern world, both generating electricity and driving many devices. Therefore, new technologies used in electric machines to improve their parameters are particularly desirable. Additionally, various aspects concerning electric machine operation and their design optimization are of the greatest importance. These aspects include issues related to the design of an electrical machine, such as the selection of appropriate materials and optimization of the construction of electric machines. They also cover all issues related to the operation of electrical machines, such as diagnostics of the effect of power quality disturbances, low-quality voltage supply, or new methods of detecting and preventing the electrical machines malfunctions.

For this Special Issue, we encourage the submission of original contributions and review papers regarding all modern aspects of design, operation of electric machines and power-quality-related phenomena in all types of electric machines. Potential topics may include, but are not limited to design, optimalization, and new technologies used in electric machines. In addition, any aspects related to reliability and durability of electrical machines, the generation of power quality disturbances by electrical machines, proposals of modification of power quality standards and rules in order to protect electrical machines against malfunctions due to excessive power quality disturbances.

Dr. Marcin Pepliński
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

electric machines
operation
design
power quality
optimization

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5206 KB

Open AccessArticle

An Initial Position Estimation Method for Dual Three-Phase IPMSM in Standstill/Free-Running States

by Yang Xu, Zheng Wu and Wei Hua

Energies 2026, 19(9), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19092066 - 24 Apr 2026

Viewed by 217

Abstract

Dual three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (DT-IPMSMs) are widely used in high-power and high-reliability applications, and accurate rotor polarity identification at startup is a critical prerequisite for their stable and efficient operation. This study aims to address the problem of initial position acquisition during the startup of DT-IPMSMs by proposing a simple and fast rotor polarity identification method. The proposed method is based on the high-frequency square-wave voltage injection (HFSWVI) in the vector space decomposition (VSD) space, where both the current and voltage are injected into the d-axis. The single-pulse direct current (DC) injection is used to alter the magnetic saturation. Then, the change rates of the d-axis high-frequency response current are compared before and after DC injection to identify the rotor magnetic polarity. In addition, a moving average filter (MAF) is applied to suppress the fluctuations in the current change rate, which increases the accuracy of polarity identification. Moreover, a simple compensation technique is designed to make the estimated d-axis current change smoothly when the estimated angle changes from N-pole to S-pole. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by the experimental results in both standstill and free-running states for the prototyped DT-IPMSMs. This method provides a practical and efficient solution for initial position identification of DT-IPMSMs, contributing to the advancement of control technology for dual three-phase motor systems in related fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Aspects of the Design and Operation of Electric Machines)

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23 pages, 1396 KB

Open AccessArticle

Determination of Dynamic Accuracy for the RLC Interface of AC Traction Network–Pantograph

by Krzysztof Tomczyk, Tymoteusz Naczyński and Maciej Sułowicz

Energies 2026, 19(2), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020314 - 8 Jan 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 583

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive determination and analysis of the dynamic accuracy of the AC traction network–pantograph interface using an equivalent lumped-parameter RLC model derived from a distributed-parameter representation of the traction line. The study investigates the system’s response to representative excitation signals: step, sinusoidal, and multi-harmonic, where the root mean square value of the voltage error at the network–pantograph interface is adopted as the main performance indicator. A novel contribution of this work lies in determining the upper bound on the dynamic error (UBDE) for input signals constrained by realistic physical limitations: initially by magnitude and duration, and subsequently extended with an additional rate of change constraint. In the first case, an iterative optimization procedure is applied to determine the constrained excitation and its corresponding error, while in the extended case, the problem of maximizing the dynamic error energy is solved numerically using a genetic algorithm. In both formulations, the objective is to identify extreme, physically admissible excitation waveforms that represent the most unfavorable dynamic scenarios for voltage reproduction within the traction network–pantograph RLC interface. The results obtained in this study are of both theoretical and practical significance. They allow the identification of frequency ranges and resonance conditions that intensify dynamic errors, support the design of compensation and filtering strategies, and enable the assessment of the system robustness to fast disturbances and supply voltage distortions. From a theoretical point of view, the article introduces a unified methodology for the determination and evaluation of dynamic errors and their worst-case upper estimates under realistic signal constraints, providing a foundation for future research on control design, optimization, and voltage quality requirements in AC traction power systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Aspects of the Design and Operation of Electric Machines)

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16 pages, 2701 KB

Open AccessArticle

Energy-Efficient Operation of Industrial Induction Motors Exposed to Multiple Power Quality Disturbances

by Piotr Gnaciński, Mariusz Gorniak and Tomasz Tarasiuk

Energies 2026, 19(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010026 - 20 Dec 2025

Viewed by 745

Abstract

Induction motors (IMs) are the largest consumers of electrical energy across most industrial sectors owing to their widespread application. The power losses in IMs significantly depend on the quality of the supply voltage. The presence of various power quality (PQ) disturbances, such as voltage deviation, voltage unbalance, and voltage harmonics, may increase the power losses by over 60%, even if the PQ fulfils the standards. To ensure the energy-efficient operation of IMs, PQ standards should be modified. One possible solution is the implementation of a coefficient of voltage energy efficiency (c_vee), which is proportional to power losses in IMs under PQ disturbances. In this paper, recommendations concerning the implementation of c_vee in the relevant standards are formulated. Additionally, results of PQ monitoring are presented and values of c_vee in land power systems are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Aspects of the Design and Operation of Electric Machines)

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31 pages, 5080 KB

Open AccessArticle

Deep Learning Models Applied Flowrate Estimation in Offshore Wells with Electric Submersible Pump

by Josenílson G. Araújo, Hellockston G. Brito, Marcus V. Galvão, Carla Wilza S. P. Maitelli and Adrião D. Doria Neto

Energies 2025, 18(19), 5311; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195311 - 9 Oct 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1240

Abstract

To address the persistent challenge of reliable real-time flowrate estimation in complex offshore oil production systems using Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs), this study proposes a hybrid modeling approach that integrates a first-principles hydrodynamic model with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks. The aim is to enhance prediction accuracy across five offshore wells (A through E) in Brazil, particularly under conditions of limited or noisy sensor data. The methodology encompasses exploratory data analysis, preprocessing, model development, training, and validation using high-frequency operational data, including active power, frequency, and pressure, all collected at one-minute intervals. The LSTM architectures were tailored to the operational stability of each well, ranging from simpler configurations for stable wells to more complex structures for transient systems. Results indicate that prediction accuracy is strongly correlated with operational stability: LSTM models achieved near-perfect forecasts in stable wells such as Well E, with minimal residuals, and effectively captured cyclical patterns in unstable wells such as Well B, albeit with greater error dispersion during abrupt transients. The model also demonstrated adaptability to planned interruptions, as observed in Well A. Statistical validation using ANOVA, Levene’s test, and Tukey’s HSD confirmed significant performance differences (α < 0.01) among the wells, underscoring the importance of well-specific model tuning. This study confirms that the LSTM-based hybrid approach is a robust and scalable solution for real-time flowrate forecasting in digital oilfields, supporting production optimization and fault detection, while laying the groundwork for future advances in adaptive and interpretable modeling of complex petroleum systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Aspects of the Design and Operation of Electric Machines)

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29 pages, 125736 KB

Open AccessArticle

Transmission of Mechanical Vibrations in an Electric Drive Unit with Scalar Control—Comparative Analysis with Evaluation Based on Experimental Studies

by Adam Muc and Agata Bielecka

Energies 2025, 18(19), 5140; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195140 - 27 Sep 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 903

Abstract

Vibration monitoring plays a crucial role in assessing the condition and operational safety of electric drive systems. In many industrial applications, scalar control is widely used due to its simplicity and reliability, yet its influence on vibration transmission within interconnected machines remains insufficiently explored. This study addresses the problem of understanding how mechanical vibrations are transmitted between a scalar-controlled induction motor coupled with an AC generator. A comparative experimental investigation was conducted using two different configurations of drive units, incorporating either an induction or a synchronous generator. Vibrations were measured at various operating speeds and analysed using different sensor types to ensure repeatability and reliability of the results. The findings have revealed distinct patterns of vibration transmission between the motor and generator, highlighting the importance of drive system configuration and measurement methodology. A novel approach to data presentation is proposed by normalising vibration levels between machines, offering a clearer interpretation of vibration amplification or damping effects. The results contribute to the development of diagnostic techniques and the optimisation of scalar-controlled drive designs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Aspects of the Design and Operation of Electric Machines)

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