Current Oncology

14 pages, 531 KB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy of Anti-VEGF and Anti-EGFRs in Microsatellite Instable (MSI-H) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in a Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) Cohort Study

by İlknur Deliktaş Onur, Mutlu Doğan, Mehmet Akif Öztürk, Taha Koray Sahin, Murat Kiracı, Ahmet Melih Arslan, Eda Karapelit, Bahar Beliz Karaoğlan, Nargiz Majidova, Elif Şahin, Sabin Göktaş, Abdullah Sakin, Ali Oğul, Emine Türkmen, Kadriye Başkurt, Zeynep Yüksel Yaşar, Yakup Ergün, Esma Türkmen Bekmez, Şafak Yıldırım Dişli, Sinem Akbaş, Sema Türker, Ömer Dizdar, Öznur Bal, Tuğba Yavuzşen, Melek Karakurt, Arzu Hatime Yaşar, Tuğba Başoğlu, Faysal Dane, Şuayip Yalçın and Öztürk Ateş Show full author list Hide full author list

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110639 - 14 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal tumors constitute 5% of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC). Immunotherapy is a new standard, but it is difficult to provide for all patients. 5-Flurouracil-based treatment with anti-EGFRs (cetuximab and panitumumab) in RAS/BRAF-wild or anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) is used in [...] Read more.

Background: Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal tumors constitute 5% of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC). Immunotherapy is a new standard, but it is difficult to provide for all patients. 5-Flurouracil-based treatment with anti-EGFRs (cetuximab and panitumumab) in RAS/BRAF-wild or anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) is used in mCRC. Data is limited for the efficacy of anti-VEGF or anti-EGFRs in dMMR/MSI-H mCRC due to the small number of cases in the colorectal cancer population in trials. Aims: To evaluate prognostic factors in dMMR/MSI-H mCRC and compare progression-free survival time of patients receiving anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR combined with first-line 5FU-based therapy. Methods: Patients with metastatic dMMR/MSI-H colorectal cancer diagnosed between January 2015 and January 2023 were included in this cohort study. Progression-free survival times of patients treated with first-line therapy were compared. Prognostic factors associated with overall survival were investigated. Results: A total of 132 patients were included. Mutation rates were 35.6% (n:47) for RAS and 12.1% (n: 16) for BRAF (. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.9 (95% CI: 9.2–12.6) months. Median overall survival (OS) was 44 months (95% CI: 26.23–63.03). 82 (62.1%) patients had primary tumor resection (PTR), 26 (19.7%) had PTR and metastasectomy. A total of 17 (12.8%) de novo mCRC patients had maximal cytoreductive surgery (MCS). A total of 14 (10.6%) patients had subsequent immunotherapy (IO). In multivariate analysis, RAS/BRAF mutation status, MCS, and subsequent IO are defined as prognostic factors for OS (p < 0.01, p: 0.022, and p: 0.005, respectively). No statistically significant difference (PFS, OS) was found in patients receiving first-line anti-VEGF or anti-EGFR therapy. Conclusions: dMMR/MSI-H mCRC is an entity with different tumor biology. We consider that dMMR/MSI-H mCRC patients with BRAF wild, MCS and subsequent IO have better outcomes with 1st line 5FU-based treatment with anti-VEGF/anti-EGFRs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

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12 pages, 238 KB

Open AccessArticle

Confirmatory Clinical Validation of a Serum-Based Biomarker Signature for Detection of Early-Stage Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

by Patricio M. Polanco, Tamas Gonda, Erkut Borazanci, Evan S. Glazer, Jose G. Trevino, George DeMuth, Lisa Ford, Thomas King, Norma A. Palma and Randall E. Brand

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 638; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110638 - 13 Nov 2025

Abstract

Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) could extend patient survival, and biomarkers to facilitate this are urgently needed. Here, we performed a second independent validation of PancreaSure, a 5-plex serum biomarker signature to detect early-stage PDAC in high-risk individuals. In contrast to [...] Read more.

Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) could extend patient survival, and biomarkers to facilitate this are urgently needed. Here, we performed a second independent validation of PancreaSure, a 5-plex serum biomarker signature to detect early-stage PDAC in high-risk individuals. In contrast to the first validation, this study’s cohort was preemptively balanced for age and sex and only included samples stored for fewer than 5 years. The primary endpoint was to measure test sensitivity against the performance target of 65%. Measuring specificity against the performance target of 90% and comparing test performance to that of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) alone were secondary endpoints. Signature analytes were retrospectively measured in serum from a blinded independent cohort of Stage I and II PDAC cases and high-risk controls. A predictive signal for PDAC was generated from a predefined cutoff established in a previous model development study. PancreaSure distinguished early-stage PDAC from controls with 76.5% sensitivity (95% CI, 67.7–83.9), significantly higher than the performance target (p = 0.005). PancreaSure achieved 87.8% specificity (95% CI, 83.9–91.4), similar to the performance goal, and significantly outperformed sensitivity of CA 19-9 alone (p = 0.02). These results confirm that PancreaSure performs well at detecting early-stage PDAC in high-risk individuals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

12 pages, 635 KB

Open AccessArticle

Electronic Health Literacy, Psychological Distress, and Quality of Life in Urological Cancer Patients: A Longitudinal Study During Transition from Inpatient to Outpatient Care

by Dominik Fugmann, Steffen Holsteg, Ralf Schäfer, Günter Niegisch, Ulrike Dinger and André Karger

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 637; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110637 - 13 Nov 2025

Abstract

Urological cancers are associated with reduced quality of life and high psychological burden, yet affected patients receive less psychosocial support than other cancer groups. Electronic health literacy (eHL) may facilitate independent access to resources, but its role for psychological outcomes and quality of [...] Read more.

Urological cancers are associated with reduced quality of life and high psychological burden, yet affected patients receive less psychosocial support than other cancer groups. Electronic health literacy (eHL) may facilitate independent access to resources, but its role for psychological outcomes and quality of life in this group is unclear. This study examined associations between eHL, psychological symptoms, and quality of life during transition from inpatient to outpatient care. A prospective, single-centre observational study was conducted. Eligible inpatients (urological cancer, Distress Thermometer ≥5 and/or request for psycho-oncological support) received an initial psycho-oncology consultation and completed surveys during inpatient treatment (T1) and three months later (T2). Measures included socio-demographics, PO-BADO, eHL (eHEALS), distress, depression (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-2), and quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30). Of 108 patients completing T1, 71 completed T2. After controlling for age, eHL was not significantly associated with distress, depression, anxiety, or quality of life. Age did not moderate these relationships. In this sample, eHL showed no significant associations with psychological outcomes or quality of life. However, higher age was linked to lower eHL, suggesting that older patients may face barriers to digital health engagement. Age-related differences in eHL should be considered when designing digital support services for urological cancer patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological Interventions for Cancer Survivors)

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13 pages, 465 KB

Open AccessArticle

Primary Anastomosis Versus Hartmann’s Procedure in Obstructing Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

by Abbas Aras

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110636 - 13 Nov 2025

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the outcomes of two surgical techniques in the emergency management of obstructed colorectal carcinoma. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients’ data from a tertiary referral university hospital. The medical [...] Read more.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the outcomes of two surgical techniques in the emergency management of obstructed colorectal carcinoma. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients’ data from a tertiary referral university hospital. The medical records of patients who underwent emergency surgery for obstructed colorectal cancer between May 2014 and August 2019 were evaluated. The cases were divided primarily into two groups: Primary Resection and Anastomosis (PRA) and Hartmann’s Procedure (HP). The clinical characteristics, peri-operative outcomes and oncological results including early postoperative complications, morbidity and mortality (30-day, 1-year and 5-year survival) were compared between groups. Results: In this retrospective study, 110 patients with obstructing colorectal cancer undergoing emergency surgery were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: 65 cases of Primary Resection and Anastomosis (PRA) and 45 cases of Hartmann’s Procedure (HP). PRA patients had significantly shorter hospital stays (8.7 ± 4.1 vs. 11.2 ± 5.2 days, p = 0.02), lower complication rates (33% vs. 66%, p = 0.003), and superior survival outcomes, with a 5-year survival rate of 33.8% compared to 22.2% in the HP group (p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences, including higher complication rates and repeat surgery requirements in patients with a diverting ostomy or undergoing resection without anastomosis. Conclusion: PRA demonstrated favorable perioperative and long-term outcomes compared to HP in the emergency management of obstructing colorectal cancer. These findings highlight the potential benefits of avoiding permanent stoma formation when appropriate patient selection criteria are met. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgical Advances in the Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers)

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18 pages, 1433 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Laryngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review

by Faizan Bashir, Supriya Peshin, Moniza Rafiq, Sajida Zaiter, Naga Anvesh Kodali, Helia Bazroodi, Moiza Bashir, Lalith Vardhan Choudary and Sakshi Singal

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110635 - 13 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant global health burden and a known risk factor of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Growing evidence also links MetS to cancer development, likely via chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormone disruption. However, its association with laryngeal [...] Read more.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant global health burden and a known risk factor of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Growing evidence also links MetS to cancer development, likely via chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormone disruption. However, its association with laryngeal cancer remains largely unclear and underexplored. Methods: For this review, we thoroughly searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for observational studies investigating associations of MetS with laryngeal or head and neck cancers (HNCs) until 1 August 2025. Five large population-based studies were found to meet inclusion criteria, and risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist (JBI). Results: Three Korean cohort studies consistently found that MetS increased the risk of laryngeal cancer (HR 1.13–1.32), independent of smoking and alcohol use. Hypertension and hyperglycemia were the most consistent components associated with increased risk, and chronic MetS conferred the highest hazard. In contrast, analyses from the UK Biobank (HNC) and SEER-Medicare (HNSCC) cohorts showed null and inverse associations, respectively. Additional findings included dose–response effects with increasing MetS components, U-shaped associations for HDL-C and waist circumference and increased risk associated with elevated C-reactive protein. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests a possible association between MetS and risk of laryngeal cancer, although the direction and strength of effect vary across populations. Findings from Korean cohorts provide consistent signals of increased risk, whereas Western datasets have not replicated this pattern. Overall, the certainty of evidence is low to moderate, warranting cautious interpretation and further validation in diverse populations before inferring causality. Full article

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12 pages, 1684 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Parotid Gland Mass as the First Manifestation of Recurrent Metastatic Breast Carcinoma: Diagnostic Pitfalls and Therapeutic Considerations in Oral-Maxillofacial Care

by Esteban Raúl Mar-Uribe, Miguel Angel Noyola-Frías, Oscar Arturo Benítez-Cárdenas, Elhi Manuel Torres-Hernández, Adalberto Mosqueda-Taylor, Raquel Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Sofía Bernal-Silva, Andreu Comas-García, Francisco Javier Aguilar-Zapata, Ricardo Martínez-Rider and Marlen Vitales-Noyola

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110634 - 13 Nov 2025

Abstract

Breast cancer rarely metastasizes to the parotid gland. Early recognition in patients with a history of malignancy is critical for timely diagnosis and treatment. We report the case of a 60-year-old female who presented with a two-month history of a left periauricular mass, [...] Read more.

Breast cancer rarely metastasizes to the parotid gland. Early recognition in patients with a history of malignancy is critical for timely diagnosis and treatment. We report the case of a 60-year-old female who presented with a two-month history of a left periauricular mass, 18 months after completing treatment for breast carcinoma. Despite the patient’s oncologic history, initial evaluation by our maxillofacial surgery service showed no evidence of distant metastasis, and we initially ruled out metastatic disease. Clinical evaluation, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), PET-CT, and histopathological analysis were performed. Given the persistent and progressive nature of the mass, surgical excision was undertaken to obtain a definitive diagnosis and provide local control. Immunohistochemical analysis of the resected mass and adjacent node confirmed metastatic breast carcinoma infiltrating the parotid parenchyma and an intra-parotid lymph node, with strong positivity for progesterone receptor (PR) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Unfortunately, several months later, the patient developed pulmonary metastases and subsequently died. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

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18 pages, 3514 KB

Open AccessArticle

Von Hippel–Lindau Disease-Associated Endolymphatic Sac Tumours: Seven Cases and Genotype–Phenotype Features

by Qin Wang, Junhui Huang, Zhikai Zhao, Yu Su, Nan Wu, Shiming Yang, Weidong Shen, Na Sai and Weiju Han

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110633 - 12 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Von Hippel–Lindau disease-associated endolymphatic sac tumors (VHL-associated ELSTs) present diagnostic challenges due to their rarity and nonspecific symptoms. This study describes clinical, pathological and genotypic features to guide treatment. We retrospectively analyzed seven patients with VHL-associated ELSTs. The mean age of otologic symptom [...] Read more.

Von Hippel–Lindau disease-associated endolymphatic sac tumors (VHL-associated ELSTs) present diagnostic challenges due to their rarity and nonspecific symptoms. This study describes clinical, pathological and genotypic features to guide treatment. We retrospectively analyzed seven patients with VHL-associated ELSTs. The mean age of otologic symptom [hearing loss (100%) and facial nerve paralysis (85.71%)] onset was 22.43 ± 8.68 years (range: 10–33). Surgical management included trans-labyrinthine and subtotal temporal bone resection approaches. Among three patients with severe preoperative facial nerve dysfunction, two underwent great auricular nerve grafting improved to House–Brackmann grade IV, while one receiving hypoglossal–facial nerve anastomosis reached grade V. Genetic testing identified pathogenic VHL gene missense mutations in three patients. Two female patients demonstrated disease progression during pregnancy. Literature analysis revealed exon-specific patterns: Exon 1 mutations correlated with cerebellar/spinal hemangioblastomas in female patients, while Exon 3 mutations were associated with multisystem tumors. These findings support that VHL-associated ELSTs manifest early with otologic symptoms and demonstrate exon-specific phenotypic patterns. Optimal management requires complete surgical resection, genetic diagnosis, and a multidisciplinary approach to address these complex tumors and achieve favorable outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

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20 pages, 345 KB

Open AccessArticle

Breathe with the Waves (BWW)—Creating and Assessing the Potential of a New Stress Management Intervention for Oncology Personnel

by Lauren Deckelbaum, Nikita Guarascio, Marie-Pierre Bastien, Anik Cloutier, Maria Kondyli, Marie-Paule Latour, Émélie Rondeau and Serge Sultan

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110632 - 11 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Healthcare providers in oncology experience exceptionally high stress rates. Research emphasizes that stress management programs must be quick to implement, flexible to accommodate demanding schedules, cost-effective, accessible to all staff, and tailored to the needs of oncology personnel. Programs that fail to meet [...] Read more.

Healthcare providers in oncology experience exceptionally high stress rates. Research emphasizes that stress management programs must be quick to implement, flexible to accommodate demanding schedules, cost-effective, accessible to all staff, and tailored to the needs of oncology personnel. Programs that fail to meet these criteria often struggle with uptake and sustainability. This mixed-methods exploratory study aimed (1) to design an online stress management program, Breathe with the Waves (BWW), based on breathing techniques; (2) to evaluate its acceptability, satisfaction, and relevance; (3) to identify perceived benefits and challenges; and (4) to generate potential outcome measures for future studies. A team of Canadian researchers and end-users co-designed the intervention. Twenty oncology professionals completed BWW, which featured pre-recorded breathing videos, and provided feedback via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. We used t-tests and Wilcoxon rank tests to analyze quantitative data, and template analysis for qualitative data. Participants found BWW highly acceptable, satisfactory, and relevant. Participants reported three categories of benefits: stress reduction, improved work performance, and increased mindfulness. Challenges included anticipated challenges and experienced challenges. Potential outcome measures fell into six categories: physical health, mental health, relational, work, mindfulness and personal practice. BWW, available in English and French, represents a promising and accessible approach to supporting the well-being of oncology personnel. Full article

18 pages, 430 KB

Open AccessArticle

Germline Mutations in DNA Repair Genes in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications

by Beata Jurecka-Lubieniecka, Małgorzata Ros-Mazurczyk, Aleksandra Sygula, Alexander J. Cortez, Marcela Krzempek, Anna B. Tuleja, Agnieszka Kotecka-Blicharz, Marta Cieslicka, Malgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska and Daria Handkiewicz-Junak

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110631 - 10 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are the second most common type of pancreatic cancer after pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Germline mutations in DNA repair genes drive several hereditary and sporadic cancers; however, their role in pNENs remains poorly defined. This pilot study aimed to assess [...] Read more.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are the second most common type of pancreatic cancer after pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Germline mutations in DNA repair genes drive several hereditary and sporadic cancers; however, their role in pNENs remains poorly defined. This pilot study aimed to assess the frequency and clinical relevance of germline DNA repair gene mutations in patients with pNENs, both with and without a family history of cancer. Germline DNA from 57 Polish patients with pNENs was analyzed using targeted next-generation sequencing to identify variants in a panel of DNA repair genes. Variant classification followed the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines. Germline mutations were identified in 14 patients (24.6%), both with and without a family history of malignancy. Two patients carried pathogenic variants in BRCA2 and CHEK2, while seven carried variants of uncertain significance (VUS). The identified variants have been implicated in various cancer types, including breast, ovarian, prostate, gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. These findings indicate that germline mutations in DNA repair genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of pNENs, even in patients without a family history. Broader germline testing and population-specific studies are needed to clarify the genetic landscape and clinical implications of these alterations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasms)

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13 pages, 964 KB

Open AccessArticle

Antibiotic Exposure Does Not Impact Anti-BRAF/Anti-MEK Targeted Therapy Outcome in Patients with Advanced Melanoma

by Yu Shi Wang, Qing Yin Wang, Alexia Erika Moise, Hamida Claudia Syed, Julie Malo, Spencer Soberano, Wiam Belkaid, Meriem Messaoudene, Karl Bélanger, Antoine Desilets, Rahima Jamal, Bertrand Routy and Arielle Elkrief

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110630 - 10 Nov 2025

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Abstract

The gut microbiome is an established predictor of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in melanoma, and antibiotic exposure prior to ICI initiation is a validated negative prognostic factor. About half of melanoma patients harbor BRAF mutations and are treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors [...] Read more.

The gut microbiome is an established predictor of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in melanoma, and antibiotic exposure prior to ICI initiation is a validated negative prognostic factor. About half of melanoma patients harbor BRAF mutations and are treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi). While the detrimental impact of antibiotics is well described in the ICI setting, their effect on BRAFi/MEKi efficacy remains unknown. We retrospectively analyzed 49 advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma patients treated with BRAFi/MEKi. Antibiotic-exposed patients were compared with non-exposed patients across three time windows: within 30, 60, or 90 days before and after therapy initiation. Outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and overall response rate (ORR). Among the cohort, 41% had antibiotic exposure within ±30 days, 53% within ±60 days, and 57% within ±90 days. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups, except for worse ECOG scores in antibiotic-exposed patients. Across all windows, ORR, PFS, and OS were comparable between groups. Unlike what was observed in the ICI setting, antibiotic use did not negatively affect outcomes with BRAFi/MEKi. Despite small sample size, these findings suggest that the detrimental prognostic impact of antibiotics is specific to immunotherapy, highlighting the importance of evaluating the microbiome as a predictive biomarker across treatment contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Melanoma: From Pathogenesis to Personalized Therapy)

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11 pages, 226 KB

Open AccessReview

A Narrative Review of the Strengths and Limitations of Real-World Evidence in Comparison to Randomized Clinical Trials: What Are the Opportunities in Thoracic Oncology for Real-World Evidence to Shine?

by Peter M. Ellis, Larissa Long, Courtney H. Coschi and Arani Sathiyapalan

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110629 - 10 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Randomized clinical trials are considered the gold standard for the evaluation of new interventions and therapies. The results from randomized clinical trials are highly influential in treatment decision-making and decisions about the implementation of new therapeutic options within the field of oncology. This [...] Read more.

Randomized clinical trials are considered the gold standard for the evaluation of new interventions and therapies. The results from randomized clinical trials are highly influential in treatment decision-making and decisions about the implementation of new therapeutic options within the field of oncology. This article describes a narrative review of the literature to further explore the strengths and limitations of real-world evidence in comparison to randomized clinical trials and provides a commentary on opportunities for real-world evidence in thoracic malignancies. However, randomized trials often exclude oncology patients with poorer functional status or comorbidities which are routinely considered for treatment in real-world practice. Real-world data may complement existing data from randomized clinical trials and play an important role in evaluating patterns and outcomes of care, informing everyday oncology practice. While real-world data is increasingly reported in the medical literature, strengths and limitations exist which can also limit their applicability. More work is needed to standardize methodologies for real-world studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Real-World Evidence (RWE) in Thoracic Malignancies)

11 pages, 2010 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Thoracic Spinal Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma Mimicking Schwannoma: Case Report and Literature Review

by Donato Creatura, Jad El Choueiri, Alberto Benato, Leonardo Anselmi, Ali Baram, Mario De Robertis, Carlo Brembilla, Federico Pessina, Maurizio Fornari and Gabriele Capo

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110628 - 7 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Primary spinal involvement is exceedingly uncommon and often misdiagnosed due to radiological and histopathological resemblance to more frequent spinal tumors. The objective of [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Primary spinal involvement is exceedingly uncommon and often misdiagnosed due to radiological and histopathological resemblance to more frequent spinal tumors. The objective of this study is to present a rare case of thoracic spinal SEF and to contextualize it within the available literature. Methods: We describe the case of a 37-year-old woman presenting with progressive back pain and dysesthesia. MRI demonstrated a heterogeneously enhancing mass at the left T10–T11 neural foramen, initially interpreted as a common nerve sheath tumor. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved, and histopathological analysis revealed a SEF. Clinical course, adjuvant therapies, and outcomes were evaluated, together with a review of previously reported spinal SEF cases. Results: Despite GTR followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, local recurrence occurred 18 months later. The patient underwent subtotal resection (STR) with adjuvant proton therapy. At 18-month follow-up after the second procedure, she remained neurologically stable and disease-free. The literature review confirmed the rarity of spinal SEF, its frequent misdiagnosis, and the absence of standardized therapeutic protocols. Conclusions: Spinal SEF is a rare malignancy that can mimic benign spinal tumors, delaying diagnosis. Its management relies on multidisciplinary assessment, individualized therapy, and long-term follow-up. This report increases awareness of spinal SEF and provides additional evidence to support clinical decision-making in rare spinal tumors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Neuro-Oncology)

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35 pages, 1436 KB

Open AccessReview

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Oncolytic Virotherapy: Recent Progress and Emerging Trends

by Cassandra Catacalos-Goad, Charlotte Johnstone and Valery Z. Grdzelishvili

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110627 - 7 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising and innovative approach to cancer treatment, leveraging viruses that selectively replicate in tumor cells and cause their destruction (oncolysis), while simultaneously stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a prototypic rhabdovirus, is among the most [...] Read more.

Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising and innovative approach to cancer treatment, leveraging viruses that selectively replicate in tumor cells and cause their destruction (oncolysis), while simultaneously stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a prototypic rhabdovirus, is among the most versatile oncolytic virus platforms due to its favorable biological characteristics, including rapid replication and cell lysis, lack of pre-existing immunity in humans, and amenability to genetic engineering. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in VSV-based oncolytic virotherapy. This review presents a comprehensive update on developments since our last review, emphasizing improvements in VSV safety, oncoselectivity, tumor-specific replication, direct oncolysis, and induction of antitumor immunity. By integrating recent applied discoveries with foundational knowledge, this review aims to guide ongoing efforts to advance VSV-based oncolytic virotherapy toward broader clinical translation and improved cancer patient outcomes. Additionally, we provide an overview of three closely related rhabdoviruses (Maraba, Morreton, and Jurona viruses) as emerging oncolytic platforms currently under preclinical and clinical investigation. Full article

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17 pages, 641 KB

Open AccessReview

Evolving Therapeutic Landscape of ROS1-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Updated Review

by Hervé Bischoff, Sébastien Gendarme, Laura Somme, Christos Chouaid and Roland Schott

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110626 - 6 Nov 2025

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Abstract

ROS1 gene rearrangements define a distinct molecular subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), occurring in approximately 2% of cases and frequently associated with younger age, non-smoker status, and a high incidence of brain metastases. The discovery of ROS1 as an oncogenic driver [...] Read more.

ROS1 gene rearrangements define a distinct molecular subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), occurring in approximately 2% of cases and frequently associated with younger age, non-smoker status, and a high incidence of brain metastases. The discovery of ROS1 as an oncogenic driver has led to the development of targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Crizotinib first demonstrated substantial clinical benefit, but its limitations, including poor central nervous system (CNS) penetration and acquired resistance, highlighted the need for next-generation inhibitors. Several agents have since been developed, including entrectinib, lorlatinib, repotrectinib, taletrectinib, and zidesamtinib, each offering improved intracranial (IC) activity and efficacy against resistance mutations, notably ROS1^G2032R. Despite these advances, optimal sequencing strategies remain undefined, and resistance ultimately emerges in most patients. This review provides an updated overview of ROS1 biology, diagnostic approaches, clinical outcomes with currently available TKIs, mechanisms of resistance, and ongoing challenges, emphasizing the rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Genomics: Emerging Trends and Technological Advances)

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20 pages, 877 KB

Open AccessArticle

Structural Validity and Reliability of a Tool for Clinical Rehabilitation Staff to Evaluate Life-Goal-Setting Practice for Cancer Survivors

by Katsuma Ikeuchi, Seiji Nishida, Mari Karikawa, Chiaki Sakamoto and Mutsuhide Tanaka

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110625 - 6 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Background: There is a need for an assessment tool for clinical rehabilitation staff to evaluate their life-goal-setting practice, especially in oncology rehabilitation. This study aimed to confirm the structural validity and reliability of the 21-item Reengagement life Goal Assessment Tool for Cancer [...] Read more.

Background: There is a need for an assessment tool for clinical rehabilitation staff to evaluate their life-goal-setting practice, especially in oncology rehabilitation. This study aimed to confirm the structural validity and reliability of the 21-item Reengagement life Goal Assessment Tool for Cancer survivors (ReGAT-C) with a five-category response scale. Methods: Participants were clinical rehabilitation staff who worked at designated cancer care hospitals in Japan and had experience in setting life-goals with cancer survivors hospitalized during the non-terminal phase. The ReGAT-C was mailed to participants twice, and Rasch analysis was repeated on the scores of the first ReGAT-C to test structural validity and reliability. The test–retest reliability was also examined using the scores of the first and second ReGAT-Cs after revising it according to the Rasch analysis results. Results: A total of 121 participants completed the first ReGAT-C, and 70 participants completed the second ReGAT-C. Following three Rasch analyses, the ReGAT-C was revised to contain 14 items with a three-category response scale. The revised scale showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Conclusions: The 14-item ReGAT-C with a three-category response scale could help staff to identify elements that are lacking in their practice and adjust their policies based on the items’ difficulty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Rehabilitation: Innovations in Practice & Enhancing Survivorship Care)

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14 pages, 1205 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Defining the Prognostic Significance of BRAF V600E in Early-Stage Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Matthew Dankner, Laurie-Rose Dubé, Mark Sorin, Andrew J. B. Stein, Alexander Nowakowski, Changsu Lawrence Park, Jamie Magrill, Anna-Maria Lazaratos, Joan Miguel Romero, Gerald Batist, Petr Kavan, April A. N. Rose and Kim Ma

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110624 - 6 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Background: BRAF mutations are found in 10% of colon cancers (CCs) and are associated with poor prognosis in metastatic disease. BRAF V600E predicts sensitivity to cetuximab + encorafenib in the metastatic setting. With new trials testing encorafenib-containing regimens for early-stage CC, we sought [...] Read more.

Background: BRAF mutations are found in 10% of colon cancers (CCs) and are associated with poor prognosis in metastatic disease. BRAF V600E predicts sensitivity to cetuximab + encorafenib in the metastatic setting. With new trials testing encorafenib-containing regimens for early-stage CC, we sought to characterize the clinical outcomes of early-stage BRAF V600E CC. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Key inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of stage 2/3 BRAF V600E CC. Co-primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and recurrence/disease-free survival (DFS). Meta-analysis was performed with a random-effects model incorporating sample size, hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 206 studies underwent full-text review. Of these, six randomized controlled trials were included, comprising 6836 and 843 patients with wild-type (WT) and BRAF V600E, respectively. BRAF V600E was associated with inferior OS (HR 1.49, CI 1.21–1.75) and DFS (HR 1.17, CI 1.03–1.33). This finding remains in patients with microsatellite instability—low/stable or proficient mismatch repair (OS: HR 1.66, CI 1.36–2.02, DFS: HR 1.45, CI 1.22–1.72). Conclusions: BRAF V600E is associated with inferior prognoses compared to BRAF WT in early-stage CC. This finding will help optimize trial design for this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

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Open AccessArticle

Understanding Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Within Canadian Radiation Oncology Training Programs: A National Survey of Residents and Fellows

by Stefan Allen, Amanda Farah Khan, Jolie Ringash, David Bowes, Reshma Jagsi, Zhihui Amy Liu, Glen Bandiera, Ian J. Gerard, Shaun K. Loewen and Jennifer Croke

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 623; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110623 - 6 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Background: This study characterizes the current representation of sociodemographic groups within Canadian radiation oncology training programs and trainees’ lived experiences. Methods: A 59-item ethics-approved, bilingual survey assessed sociodemographics, training perceptions, mentorship, discrimination/harassment experienced, and open-ended questions. Electronic surveys were distributed to all Canadian [...] Read more.

Background: This study characterizes the current representation of sociodemographic groups within Canadian radiation oncology training programs and trainees’ lived experiences. Methods: A 59-item ethics-approved, bilingual survey assessed sociodemographics, training perceptions, mentorship, discrimination/harassment experienced, and open-ended questions. Electronic surveys were distributed to all Canadian radiation oncology residents/fellows. Descriptive statistics summarized survey responses. Categorical groups were compared using chi-squared/Fisher’s exact tests. Thematic analysis was performed on open-ended responses. Results: Between July and December 2023, 98 of 177 (56%) trainees participated: 70% were residents, 52% identified as male, 62% as a racialized minority, and 10% as a sexual minority. Most respondents reported training program satisfaction (83%) and a respectful workplace culture (69%); however, discrimination during training was reported by 38%. Less than half (45%) felt comfortable reporting discrimination/harassment within their workplace. Women were more likely to feel under-represented in-training (46% vs. 13%, p = 0.001) and perceived more discrimination events (64% vs. 19%, p < 0.001). Three themes emerged as follows: importance of offering EDI education, ensuring pathways for reporting learner mistreatment, and creating appropriately diverse selection committees. Conclusions: Although most Canadian radiation oncology trainees reported satisfaction and a respectful culture, key differences between groups were observed. Targeted strategies and stronger institutional policies to improve representation and reduce rates of discrimination/harassment are needed. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Efficacy of a Fully Implantable Pleural Device in the Management of Complex Pleural Effusions

by Marco Marcaccini, Simona Sobrero, Federico Vaisitti, Alessandra Russo, Stefano Rudella, Federica Mellone, Chiara Grispi, Luca Errico and Francesco Leo

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110622 - 6 Nov 2025

Viewed by 149

Abstract

VATS talc poudrage is the standard treatment for recurrent pleural effusion, but it is not feasible when the lung does not re-expand, or for fragile patients who are unfit for general anesthesia. In these situations, indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) are a valuable option [...] Read more.

VATS talc poudrage is the standard treatment for recurrent pleural effusion, but it is not feasible when the lung does not re-expand, or for fragile patients who are unfit for general anesthesia. In these situations, indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) are a valuable option to offer long-term symptom relief and reduce hospitalization, with the only limitation being that an external portion of the device is needed in the majority of available devices. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a fully implantable pleural catheter in managing recurrent pleural effusion in patients who are unfit for traditional treatments. A retrospective, single-center analysis was conducted from April 2018 to August 2024, involving 150 patients that underwent Celsite^® DRAINAPORT implantation. The study measured the percentage of procedures with complications, the type of follow up, six months survival rate, cause of death, and the number of oncological treatments administered after implantation. Results indicated a complication rate of 12%, of which most were mild and manageable. Over half of the patients were successfully managed by home nursing services. Nearly 50% of the patients survived after six months, whereas 28.7% received subsequent oncological treatments. This suggests that this type of device is a safe and effective alternative for managing recurrent pleural effusion in patients with limited treatment options. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Palliative Care in Oncology: Current Advances)

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14 pages, 916 KB

Open AccessArticle

Risk of Childhood Cancer in Children with Congenital Anomalies and Their Impact on Survival: A Population-Based Registry Approach

by Carmen Martos, Laura García-Villodre, Laia Barrachina-Bonet, Lucía Páramo-Rodríguez, Berta Arribas-Díaz, Anna Torró-Gómez, Noura Jeghalef El Karoui, Consol Sabater and Clara Cavero-Carbonell

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110621 - 6 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Despite advances in treatment, childhood cancer survivors continue to experience substantial comorbidities stemming from chronic health conditions and face an elevated risk of premature mortality compared to the general population [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology)

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17 pages, 3004 KB

Open AccessArticle

Serum miRNA Signatures in Cancer Cachexia Depend on Systemic Inflammation

by Terese Louise Schmidberger Karlsen, Robin Mjelle, Ola Magne Vagnildhaug, Trude Rakel Balstad, Are Korsnes Kristensen, Jens Erik Slagsvold, Ganna S. Westwik, Hege Elvebakken, Eva Hofsli, Ingunn Hatlevoll and Tora Skeidsvoll Solheim

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110620 - 6 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome marked by involuntary weight and muscle loss, often driven by systemic inflammation. This multicenter, longitudinal observational study investigated circulating microRNA (miRNA) profiles in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer, comparing those with and without [...] Read more.

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome marked by involuntary weight and muscle loss, often driven by systemic inflammation. This multicenter, longitudinal observational study investigated circulating microRNA (miRNA) profiles in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer, comparing those with and without cachexia and inflammation. A total of 168 patients were categorized into four groups based on cachexia and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Cachexia was defined using the 2011 consensus criteria, incorporating weight loss, low BMI, and sarcopenia. Patients with both cachexia and systemic inflammation exhibited significantly distinct miRNA profiles as well as poorer overall survival (HR 2.10, p < 0.001) compared to patients with neither condition. No significant differences were observed in patients lacking either cachexia or inflammation or both. Inflammatory cachexia emerged as a biologically distinct entity, with 82 differentially expressed miRNAs. The miR-320-family, miR-6087, miR-4488, miR-29a-3p, miR-194-5p, and miR-10a-5p were most altered, several of which are linked to muscle mass, metabolism, lipid, and protein synthesis. These findings highlight the pivotal role of systemic inflammation in cancer cachexia and support its inclusion in diagnostic criteria. Moreover, circulating miRNAs may serve as promising biomarkers for identifying cachexia in cancer patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Palliative and Supportive Care)

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10 pages, 604 KB

Open AccessArticle

Adoption of Hypofractionated and Ultrahypofractionated Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer Across Main and Community Centers Within a Single Healthcare System

by Leila T. Tchelebi, Ajay Kapur and Clary Evans

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110619 - 6 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Purpose/Objective(s): Adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) is an effective treatment in the management of patients with breast cancer. Evidence supports both standard fractionation and, more recently, moderate hypofractionation and ultra hypofractionation leading to a potential diversity of clinical practice. Whether or not physicians at [...] Read more.

Purpose/Objective(s): Adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) is an effective treatment in the management of patients with breast cancer. Evidence supports both standard fractionation and, more recently, moderate hypofractionation and ultra hypofractionation leading to a potential diversity of clinical practice. Whether or not physicians at main academic centers adopt hypofractionated regimens more readily than those working at community centers is not known. Practice patterns were analyzed within our large healthcare network comprising one main and eight community sites before and after 2020. Materials/Methods: Patients treated with adjuvant breast RT between 2017 and 2022 in our radiation oncology department were identified. Treatment techniques were evaluated: standard fractionation (25–28 fractions to 50–50.4 Gy), moderate hypofractionation (15–16 fractions to 40.05–42.56 Gy), and ultra hypofractionation (5 fractions of 26–30 Gy) for intact breast, partial breast, and chest wall cases. Use of each technique was compared between the main academic center (Main) versus eight community sites (Community) in two time periods, 2017–2019 and 2020–2022. Differences were assessed using z-ratios for the difference between independent proportions. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the use of standard fractionation for intact breast and chest wall cases from the early to the late period at both the community sites and the main center; however, a higher proportion of patients were treated with standard fractionation at the community sites versus the main center in the late period (7.8% community versus 2.0% main, p < 0.01 for intact breast and 80.7% community versus 37.4% main, p < 0.01 for chest wall). There was a statistically significant increase in the use of hypofractionation for intact breast and chest wall cases from the early to the late period at both the community sites and the main center; however, a higher proportion of patients were treated with hypofractionation at the main center versus the community sites during the late period (92.2% community versus 98.0% main, p < 0.01 for intact breast and 19.3% community versus 62.6% main, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The present study shows that recent trial evidence supporting the use of shorter RT treatments changed practice among providers more rapidly at our main academic center versus our community sites. The reasons for this difference are not known; however, standardization of treatment by implementation of an adjuvant RT treatment algorithm may facilitate uniform care among patients with breast cancer and we are investigating the impact of this approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)

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16 pages, 3115 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Avelumab First-Line Maintenance and Subsequent Therapies for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Subgroup Analysis of First-Line Dose-Dense Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin, and Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin in the Japan AVElumab MAintenance and Continuous Treatment Study (JAVEMACS)

by Masaomi Ikeda, Kiyohide Fujimoto, Noriyoshi Miura, Rikiya Taoka, Kiyoaki Nishihara, Daiki Ikarashi, Sei Naito, Fumitaka Shimizu, Atsuko Fujihara, Michihiro Shono, Tohru Nakagawa and Eiji Kikuchi

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110618 - 5 Nov 2025

Viewed by 366

Abstract

Avelumab maintenance therapy is approved in Japan for patients with aUC without progression after PBC. This report presents subgroup analysis data from the JAVEMACS chart review of avelumab maintenance in patients who received 1L ddMVAC and GC. This retrospective study reviewed medical charts [...] Read more.

Avelumab maintenance therapy is approved in Japan for patients with aUC without progression after PBC. This report presents subgroup analysis data from the JAVEMACS chart review of avelumab maintenance in patients who received 1L ddMVAC and GC. This retrospective study reviewed medical charts of patients with aUC (February 2021–December 2023). Overall, 350 patients (ddMVAC, n = 32 and GC, n = 196) were included in the study. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two PBC groups. Median duration from PBC start to avelumab start was 13.2 and 21.1 weeks; median overall survival (OS) was not reached (both groups), progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.0 and 7.4 months, and PFS2 was 27.6 and 21.3 months for the ddMVAC and GC groups, respectively. At data cutoff (June 2024), 25.0% of patients in the ddMVAC and 17.3% in the GC groups were ongoing avelumab treatment. Second-line treatments included EV (64.3% ddMVAC; 64.5% GC), pembrolizumab (21.4% ddMVAC; 8.3% GC), and PBC (14.3% ddMVAC and 21.5% GC). This real-world data from patients with aUC in Japan showed consistent OS patterns with avelumab maintenance across treatment subgroups vs. the overall population despite their inherent heterogeneity. Although patients were not resistant to PBC, 2L EV was more common than 2L PBC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

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16 pages, 2032 KB

Open AccessArticle

Histopathological and Molecular Predictors of the First Site of Dissemination in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

by Vlad-Norin Vornicu, Alina-Gabriela Negru, Razvan Constantin Vonica, Andrei Alexandru Cosma, Daniela-Sonia Nagy, Mihaela Maria Pasca-Fenesan and Anca Maria Cimpean

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110617 - 4 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often diagnosed at stage IV, when prognosis depends on metastatic spread. The impact of histopathology on the first metastatic site remains underexplored. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 364 patients with stage IV NSCLC diagnosed at OncoHelp Medical Center, [...] Read more.

Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often diagnosed at stage IV, when prognosis depends on metastatic spread. The impact of histopathology on the first metastatic site remains underexplored. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 364 patients with stage IV NSCLC diagnosed at OncoHelp Medical Center, Timișoara, Romania (2020–2024). All underwent baseline CT chest–abdomen–pelvis, whole-body FDG PET-CT, and brain MRI within seven days of histological confirmation. Patients were stratified into adenocarcinoma (n = 164), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 112), and large-cell carcinoma (n = 88). The first metastatic site was defined as the earliest confirmed location. Associations were evaluated using Fisher’s exact test and multinomial logistic regression. Results: Histology was associated with the first metastatic site (global p = 0.013). Adenocarcinoma was more likely than squamous carcinoma to present with brain metastases (RRR 3.74, 95% CI 1.48–9.45; p = 0.005; p_FDR = 0.053) and showed directional signals toward bone and adrenal involvement. Squamous carcinoma more frequently spread to the pleura as the first site (adjusted p = 0.008). Large-cell carcinoma showed no consistent differences compared to squamous carcinoma. In adenocarcinoma subgroups, EGFR-mutant tumors most often metastasized to the brain (55.6%), KRAS-mutant tumors to the liver (44.4%), and ALK-rearranged tumors to bone (100%). Conclusions: The first metastatic site in NSCLC follows histology-specific patterns, with adenocarcinoma favoring hematogenous spread and squamous carcinoma showing locoregional involvement. Molecular status further refines these patterns in adenocarcinoma. Incorporating histology into baseline staging may improve diagnostic efficiency and prognostic accuracy. Full article

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14 pages, 715 KB

Open AccessArticle

Breast Cancer Characteristics and Outcomes in Canadian Black Women by Ancestry

by Anna N. Wilkinson, Aisha Lofters, Moira Rushton, Jean M. Seely and Carmina Ng

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 616; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110616 - 4 Nov 2025

Viewed by 389

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Canada. Its presentation and outcomes vary significantly by race/ethnicity. This study explores breast cancer incidence, age at diagnosis, stage, subtype, and mortality, comparing Black and White women aged 20 years and older, using [...] Read more.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Canada. Its presentation and outcomes vary significantly by race/ethnicity. This study explores breast cancer incidence, age at diagnosis, stage, subtype, and mortality, comparing Black and White women aged 20 years and older, using the 2011 and 2016 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts databases. Black women were disaggregated into Caribbean, Central/West African (C/WA), Southern/East African (S/EA), and “Other” ancestry groups. The Black female study population had a lower mean age (43.0 years) than the White (50.5 years). Black women had lower overall age-standardized breast cancer incidence than White women. The age-specific incidence in Black women ages 30–39 of Caribbean origin was higher (RR 95% CL, 1.36, 1.04–1.79; 58.7 vs. 43.1 cases/100,000 person-years) than in White. White women had 14.6% of cases diagnosed at ages 20–49 compared to over 50% in Black women of C/WA and S/EA origins, with highest proportions of diagnoses occurring at least 10 years earlier among Black women (C/WA 46, S/EA 48, Caribbean 57, White 67). Proportions of prognostic stage I diagnoses were less common among Black vs. White women (53.2% vs. 65.9%, p < 0.0001), and triple negative breast cancer was more frequent among Black women (17.1% vs. 9.9%, p < 0.0001), particularly those of Central/West African ancestry (21.8%). Higher age-specific mortality was observed among Black women with Caribbean origins aged 40–49 (RR 95% CL, 1.70, 1.19–2.42) and 50–59 (RR 95% CL, 1.42, 1.08–1.88) compared to White women. Breast cancer characteristics and outcomes vary substantially by ancestry within Canada’s Black population. Tailored screening strategies accounting for earlier onset and aggressive subtypes may help mitigate disparities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Determinants of Health and Breast Cancer: Impacts on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes)

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15 pages, 1906 KB

Open AccessReview

Chemotherapy Strategies and Their Efficacy for Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma

by Piotr Remiszewski, Julia Wąż, Sławomir Falkowski, Piotr Rutkowski and Anna M. Czarnecka

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110615 - 3 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is characterised by small round cell biology, frequent HEY1-NCOA2 fusion, and high vascularity. These features plausibly lessen extracellular matrix barriers and confer relative chemosensitivity. We synthesised peri-operative (preoperative/neoadjuvant; postoperative/adjuvant) and palliative chemotherapy outcomes separately across multiple cohorts and case reports [...] Read more.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is characterised by small round cell biology, frequent HEY1-NCOA2 fusion, and high vascularity. These features plausibly lessen extracellular matrix barriers and confer relative chemosensitivity. We synthesised peri-operative (preoperative/neoadjuvant; postoperative/adjuvant) and palliative chemotherapy outcomes separately across multiple cohorts and case reports as well as the summarised the guidelines (ESMO/NCCN) In localised disease, integrating multi-agent Ewing-type chemotherapy with complete resection is associated with improved disease control. Contemporary 5-year overall survival (OS) typically spans ~55–73% across studies, while event-free survival (EFS) gains are demonstrated more consistently than OS gains in pooled analyses. In advanced MCS, first-line polychemotherapy yields modest, non-curative activity, with objective response rates (ORRs) of ~25–35% in adults, median progression-free survival (PFS) of ~4.7–6.7 months, and median OS of ~18 months. Activity may be higher in younger patients and for platinum–anthracycline combinations. We also discussed emerging therapies. Trabectedin demonstrates low disease control rate in translocation-related sarcomas, including few MCS cases. Anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as apatinib and pazopanib, demonstrate activity in chondrosarcoma, but MCS-specific data are lacking. IDH1 inhibition benefits conventional subtypes rather than MCS. Early immunotherapy experience is limited, but pathway-directed strategies targeting BCL2 and PI3K-mTOR warrant evaluation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resistance to Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Cancer: Understanding the Pathogenesis and Identifying the Best Approaches to Overcome This Challenge)

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20 pages, 1135 KB

Open AccessReview

Proteomic Perspectives on KRAS-Driven Cancers and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches

by Ramesh Karki, Ru Chen and Sheng Pan

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110614 - 2 Nov 2025

Viewed by 506

Abstract

KRAS mutations are implicated in approximately 23% of all human malignancies, with particularly high prevalence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (~92%), colorectal cancer (CRC) (~49%), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (~35%). The recent approval of the KRAS^G12C-specific inhibitors for NSCLC [...] Read more.

KRAS mutations are implicated in approximately 23% of all human malignancies, with particularly high prevalence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (~92%), colorectal cancer (CRC) (~49%), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (~35%). The recent approval of the KRAS^G12C-specific inhibitors for NSCLC represents a pivotal advancement in KRAS-targeted therapy. Nevertheless, the emergence of intrinsic and acquired resistance to KRAS-targeted therapies poses a significant clinical obstacle to targeting KRAS, which necessitates a deeper understanding of the resistance mechanisms. Recent progress in proteomic studies has enabled comprehensive profiling of the proteomic alterations driven by KRAS mutations, offering valuable insights into the disrupted KRAS interactome, aberrant signaling pathways and dysregulated cellular processes contributing to tumorigenesis. This review discusses current knowledge on proteomic alterations associated with oncogenic KRAS mutations, with particular focus on allele-specific proteome signatures and the roles of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of KRAS in modulating the functional networks. Furthermore, we highlight recent therapeutic advances targeting KRAS variants and discuss emerging resistance mechanisms from a proteomics-informed perspective. Full article

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16 pages, 246 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Cardio-Oncology Patients—What They Know and What They Should Know

by Aneta Klotzka, Barbara Gawłowska and Ewelina Chawłowska

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 613; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110613 - 2 Nov 2025

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Abstract

The growing number of patients after oncological treatment makes knowledge about potential cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy particularly important. Early recognition of symptoms enables the rapid initiation of appropriate therapy and improves outcomes. Education in this field increases awareness of the need for [...] Read more.

The growing number of patients after oncological treatment makes knowledge about potential cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy particularly important. Early recognition of symptoms enables the rapid initiation of appropriate therapy and improves outcomes. Education in this field increases awareness of the need for regular cardiology follow-up and adherence to health recommendations. It is advisable for patient education on the risk of cardiotoxicity to be included during visits with both the oncologist and the cardiologist. A self-developed questionnaire was used. It consisted of 40 questions (including 16 from the Health Behavior Scale) and 8 additional sociodemographic questions. An anonymous questionnaire was completed by 243 patients of the cardio-oncology outpatient clinic operating within the Department of Cardiology in Poland. In the survey conducted, patients were asked to define the concept of cardio-oncology; only 23.5% of respondents provided a correct answer. The highest level of awareness was observed among individuals under the age of 40 (p = 0.001) and of higher education levels (p < 0.001). Better knowledge was also noted among respondents who recalled being informed by their doctor about complications (p < 0.001) and among those who had undergone cardiological examinations (p = 0.005). The findings further revealed that respondents who recognized the importance of cardiac monitoring following therapy were significantly more likely to engage in health behaviors (p < 0.001). Particularly concerning was the limited communication regarding cardiovascular risks associated with cancer treatment. Only 24.3% of patients reported having been informed (or recalled being informed) by their oncologist about the potential cardiotoxic effects of anticancer drugs. Approximately one-third of respondents (32%) had not been referred for a cardiology consultation during their cancer treatment. Despite this, an overwhelming majority (95.5%) expressed the belief that a cardiologist should assess all oncology patients. These findings underscore critical deficiencies in patients’ education within the field of cardio-oncology. Health education interventions during oncological follow-up visits are needed Full article

16 pages, 863 KB

Open AccessArticle

Docetaxel and Ramucirumab as Subsequent Treatment After First-Line Immunotherapy-Based Treatment for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study and Literature Review

by Sotiris Loizidis, Paris Vogazianos, Zoe Kordatou, Georgios Fotopoulos, George Orphanos, Flora Kyriakou and Haris Charalambous

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110612 - 1 Nov 2025

Viewed by 500

Abstract

Background: A combination of docetaxel and ramucirumab represents a standard of care in second-line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC. Evidence of the regimen’s efficacy is based on the results of the REVEL trial conducted in the pre-immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitors–ICIs) era. [...] Read more.

Background: A combination of docetaxel and ramucirumab represents a standard of care in second-line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC. Evidence of the regimen’s efficacy is based on the results of the REVEL trial conducted in the pre-immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitors–ICIs) era. Given the lack of randomized trials after the use of ICIs in front-line therapy, a question remains regarding the impact of the combination when disease progresses after ICI-based therapy. Methods: From 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2024, 55 patients from three oncology centers who had documented progression on ICI-based therapy subsequently received docetaxel/ramucirumab, and we reviewed their outcomes. Results: The studied group’s median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months, while the median overall survival (OS) was 11.1 months. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 42% and 76%, respectively. Patients who had received ICI-based therapy for ≥6 months had a numerically better median PFS and statistically significant OS compared to those who had experienced progression on ICI-based therapy in <6 months. Regarding adverse events (AEs), 92.7% of patients experienced Grade 1–2 AEs, whereas 54.5% experienced Grade ≥ 3 AEs. One death due to GI bleeding was also recorded. Conclusion: Docetaxel/ramucirumab is an acceptable regimen for patients progressing on first-line ICI-based therapies. Our results are in concordance with the REVEL study and other retrospective studies of this combination after ICIs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hype or Hope—Combination Therapies for Lung Cancer)

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25 pages, 496 KB

Open AccessReview

Neurocognitive and Emotional Outcomes in Childhood Cancer: A Developmental Perspective

by Antonios I. Christou, Georgia Kalfadeli, Stella Tsermentseli and Flora Bacopoulou

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110611 - 1 Nov 2025

Viewed by 697

Abstract

Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are at heightened risk of long-term neurocognitive and emotional difficulties that can affect educational attainment, social participation, and overall quality of life. These outcomes vary across developmental stages and are influenced by treatment modality, age at diagnosis, and [...] Read more.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are at heightened risk of long-term neurocognitive and emotional difficulties that can affect educational attainment, social participation, and overall quality of life. These outcomes vary across developmental stages and are influenced by treatment modality, age at diagnosis, and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for articles published between January 2000 and June 2024. Search terms included combinations of “childhood cancer survivors,” “neurocognitive outcomes,” “executive function,” “emotional regulation,” and related MeSH terms. Inclusion criteria required peer-reviewed studies assessing CCS using standardized neuropsychological or emotional measures. Results: Evidence indicates persistent deficits in processing speed, working memory, and higher-order executive functions, with additional challenges in attention and memory. Emotional difficulties, including anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, were prevalent and often co-occurred with cognitive impairments. Developmental timing of cancer and treatment was a key determinant of outcome. Family functioning, school reintegration support, and broader social environments emerged as important moderators of resilience. Conclusions: CCSs face complex, interrelated cognitive and emotional challenges that warrant early identification and ongoing, developmentally tailored intervention. Integrated approaches combining cognitive remediation and psychosocial support appear most effective. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs, multi-informant assessments, and culturally sensitive frameworks to inform targeted prevention and rehabilitation strategies. Our synthesis highlights that deficits in processing speed and working memory are most pronounced following CNS-directed therapies during early developmental stages, whereas emotional vulnerabilities such as anxiety and social withdrawal often emerge later in adolescence. Interventions combining cognitive remediation, targeted psychosocial support, and structured school reintegration show the strongest evidence for improving adaptive outcomes. Coordinated survivorship care across healthcare, educational, and family systems is essential to sustain developmental recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quality of Life and Management of Pediatric Cancer)

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11 pages, 219 KB

Open AccessConference Report

Bridging Gaps in Cancer Pain Care: Barriers, Solutions, and a Path Forward for Integrated Management

by Marta Gentili, Francesco Cellini, Leonardo Consoletti, Massimo Di Maio, Diego M. M. Fornasari, Gianpaolo Fortini, Marco Krengli, Ernesto Maranzano, Silvia Natoli, Stefano Pergolizzi, Rodolfo Sacco and Luca Giacomelli

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(11), 610; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32110610 - 1 Nov 2025

Viewed by 220

Abstract

Cancer-related pain remains one of the most frequent and burdensome symptoms in oncology, significantly impairing patients’ quality of life and functional status. Despite advances in treatment and the availability of evidence-based guidelines, pain continues to be undertreated worldwide. In Italy, legislative efforts such [...] Read more.

Cancer-related pain remains one of the most frequent and burdensome symptoms in oncology, significantly impairing patients’ quality of life and functional status. Despite advances in treatment and the availability of evidence-based guidelines, pain continues to be undertreated worldwide. In Italy, legislative efforts such as Law 38/2010 have not fully translated into consistent clinical practice. On 28 March 2025, a national roundtable held in Rome, Italy, brought together experts from medical oncology, radiation oncology, palliative care, anesthesiology, and pain medicine, representing the main Italian scientific societies involved in oncology and supportive care, to examine the current status of cancer pain management and develop a consensus on actionable priorities. Four key gaps were identified: insufficient education and training of healthcare providers in pain management; fragmented care pathways and limited interdisciplinary integration; lack of clarity regarding professional roles; and challenges in implementing shared diagnostic and therapeutic care pathways (Percorsi Diagnostico Terapeutici Assistenziali). The roundtable proposed coordinated strategies to address these gaps, including expanding interdisciplinary educational initiatives and integrating pain management into undergraduate and specialty curricula; establishing local oncology orientation centers to provide joint, patient-centered assessments; promoting cross-specialty collaboration through congress sessions, educational activities, and practical workshops; and developing adaptable therapeutic frameworks to ensure standardized yet context-sensitive care delivery. This congress report formalizes a joint framework aimed at embedding pain management within comprehensive cancer care. Its implementation will require sustained advocacy, structured education, and alignment of clinical practice with policy support. By addressing these barriers through pragmatic, evidence-informed actions, the proposed strategies aim to optimize timely, integrated, and effective pain care, ultimately improving outcomes for patients with cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Palliative and Supportive Care)

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Curr. Oncol., Volume 32, Issue 11 (November 2025) – 52 articles

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