International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 26, Issue 16

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) is a monogenic diabetes subtype caused by heterozygous mutations in the insulin gene (INS), leading to defective proinsulin processing, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and β-cell dysfuncti...

Breast cancer is a serious public health problem worldwide. Although current treatments with drugs such as cisplatin and paclitaxel are effective, they are associated with severe adverse effects and the development of drug resistance, which has promp...

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers, accounting for a significant proportion of cancer-related deaths globally. Despite advancements in medical science, treatment options for PDAC remain limited, and the prognosi...

There is an increasing need to understand the long-term dynamics and quality of SARS-CoV-2 immune memory—both humoral and cellular—particularly with emerging variants. This study aimed to evaluate immune durability and variant-specific mo...

Skin cancer is the most common cancer form worldwide, and it is primarily divided into melanoma and non-melanoma types, with non-melanoma being the most prevalent condition. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for 50% of primary skin ca...

This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying germ cell tumors (GCTs), focusing specifically on seminomas and teratomas. By analyzing gene expression profiles and miRNA interactions, the goal is to identify key regulatory miRNAs...

Cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with broad-spectrum activity and immunomodulatory functions. Among them, the only human cathelicidin LL-37 has garnered significant interest due to its potent antimicrobial, antiviral, antif...

The unintentional application of nanomaterials by humans dates back over two millennia, though the formal concept emerged only in the late 20th century [...]

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis, and early diagnosis is essential for improving patient survival and quality of life. This study aimed to develop a non-invasive screening method based on salivary gene express...

Electroactive biomaterials are a key emerging technology for the treatment of neural damage. Conducting polymer-coated carbon microfibers are particularly useful for this application because they provide directional support for cell growth and tissue...

Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug, but is limited both by its toxicity and its tendency to induce drug resistance rapidly in some patients. Tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2), which is overexpressed in various cancers, has two main isoform...

Renocardiac syndrome type 4 (RCS4) is a common comorbid pathology, but the mechanisms of kidney dysfunction-induced cardiac remodeling and the involvement of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in this process remain unclear. The aim of this study was to...

Probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. have demonstrated immunological and gastrointestinal benefits and may aid in recovery from mood disorders. However, evidence of their mood-modulating efficacy remains inconsistent. Aim: To analyze the efficacy...

Monocytes/macrophages promote the repair of acutely injured muscle while contributing to dystrophic changes in chronically injured muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and animal models including mdx and mdx^5cv mice. To elucidate the...

Sarcopenia is a prevalent and disabling complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), associated with frailty, diminished quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical significance, no pharmacological treatments are cur...

In humans, taurine (TAU) is a conditionally essential nutrient that exhibits pleiotropic activity in several and different biological processes suggesting its use in the prevention and therapy for a long time. However, its actual role in prevention a...

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common survivable chromosome trisomy, with an incidence of about 1 in 600–700 births. Consequences of chromosome 21 trisomy include developmental delays, congenital cardiac abnormalities, skeletal abnormalities, a...

Platycerium bifurcatum is one of the most widely cultivated ornamental fern species worldwide and a valuable component of the biodiversity of pantropical forests. In addition to its photosynthetic function, the sporotrophophyll leaves of this species...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly recognized as a modulator of infection severity, yet its impact on the immune response in severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) remains poorly understood. In this p...

Cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, prediabetes (PreD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are global health challenges linked to metabolic dysfunction. While probiotics show promise, postbiotics offer advantages in stability, safety, and food incorpora...

It is widely accepted that chronic inflammation constitutes a significant mechanism that promotes the biological aging process. The pineal gland is regarded as being closely related to the control of the “life clock”. The present study ai...

Upon transferal from plastic to Matrigel, melanoma cells demonstrate growth in three dimensions and form de novo vascular networks—known as vasculogenic mimicry—that are characteristic of the stemness phenotype of aggressive tumors. It ha...

One of the major challenges in diagnosing various diseases, including neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as carcinogenesis, is detecting unlabeled neurotransmitters. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and surface-enhanced i...

Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) are a novel and biologically potent source of multipotent stromal cells with potential beyond reproductive medicine. This study explored their phenotypic profile, trilineage differentiation, and the cytoprot...

UDP-Gal-β-1,4 galactosyltransferase-V (GalT-V) is a member of a large family of galactosyltransferases whose function is to transfer galactose from the nucleotide sugar UDP-galactose to a glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide, to generate lactosylc...

16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) has significantly advanced cervicovaginal microbiome profiling, offering insights into the relationship between vaginal dysbiosis and HPV-associated carcinogenesis. However, reliance on a limited set of 16S h...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a key treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but most patients will ultimately experience disease progression due to acquired resistance to ICI. Clinically, it is relevant to differentiate b...

Athletic performance is modulated by a complex interaction of physiological, environmental, and genetic factors, with regular exercise triggering molecular changes that influence gene expression and tissue adaptation. Despite growing knowledge, the u...

Zinc is an essential trace element involved in critical physiological functions such as gene expression, immune regulation, and cellular proliferation. This review explores the link between zinc homeostasis and cancer, with a specific focus on LIV-1...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase that serves as a central metabolic sensor and regulator of energy balance at both the cellular and organismal levels [...]

Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder that affects over 1 billion individuals worldwide. The pathogenesis of migraine remains incompletely understood, though evidence suggests a multifactorial etiology involving genetic factors. The CACNA1A g...

Insulin resistance is a key driver of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study investigated the effects of geniposide (GP) on insulin...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) significantly increases the risk of steatohepatitis and cirrhosis and multiple extrahepatic complications, in particular, cardiometabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes, atheroscler...

The gut microbiota influences both energy metabolism and central nervous system (CNS) functions. This influence is mediated by humoral factors, including various metabolites, neurotransmitters, cytokines, and hormones, in addition to neural pathways...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies. While PD is most recognized by its motor symptoms (resting tremor, rigid...

Carbon dots (CDs) are gaining significant attention as multifunctional nanomaterials due to their optical properties, aqueous dispersibility, redox activity, and overall biocompatibility. This review presents a critical overview of the recent advance...

The human airway surface is covered by a mucus layer composed primarily of the mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B. Excessive mucin production and secretion by airway epithelial cells in patients with asthma result in airway obstruction and worsened asthma sympt...

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis during embryonic development. The underlying mechanisms controlling SMC differentiation, especially progenitor-specific regulation, however, remain large...

Intra-articular hyaluronan injections represent a widely used and generally safe therapeutic approach for knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the side effects of this treatment remain insufficiently studied. Acute post-injection reactions, particularl...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder that can be identified clinically and biologically, without a strong set of biomarkers that can adequately measure its fast rate of progression and molecular hete...

Some reports indicated the association of rs17602729 and rs34526199 functional polymorphisms of the AMPD1 gene encoding adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or its intermediate phenotype. Ther...

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune dermatosis defined by selective melanocyte depletion and patchy depigmentation. IFN–γ-driven recruitment of autoreactive CD8⁺ T cells and induction of melanocyte apoptosis are central to its pathogenesis....

Adipocytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis by modulating inflammation, blood–brain barrier function and immune responses, which may affect disease course and treatment outcomes. Our study assessed serum levels of visf...

In the original publication [...]

Obesity represents a global medical and social challenge characterized by pathological accumulation of adipose tissue as a result of complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Recent studies have highlighted the pivota...

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Whilst clinical care has significantly improved in recent years, there is still significant scope to improve patient outcomes, particularly in relation to q...

The apoptotic mechanism is complex and involves many pathways. Defects can occur at any time along these pathways, resulting in malignant cell transformation and resistance to anticancer drugs. Collective efforts have made great progress in the imple...

Stone cleaning for cultural heritage monuments is a critical conservation intervention that must effectively eliminate harmful surface contaminants while preserving the material’s physical, chemical, and historical integrity. This study investi...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Cetuximab improves survival by combining EGFR inhibition with immune activation. This study evaluated the influence of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-mediated...

Photoaging is a multifactorial and progressive skin aging process primarily triggered by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This condition leads to both structural and functional impairments in the skin, including the formation of wrin...