Viroporins are members of a rapidly growing family of channel-forming small polypeptides found in viruses. The present review will be focused on recent structural and protein-protein interaction information involving two viroporins found in enveloped...
DesK is a Histidine Kinase that allows Bacillus subtilis to maintain lipid homeostasis in response to changes in the environment. It is located in the membrane, and has five transmembrane helices and a cytoplasmic catalytic domain. The transmembrane...
The ribosome assembly factor Nsa2 is part of the Rea1-Rsa4-Nsa2 interconnected relay on nuclear pre-60S particles that is essential for 60S ribosome biogenesis. Cryo-EM structures depict Nsa2 docked via its C-terminal β-barrel domain to nuclear...
Type III Secretion Systems (T3SSs) are multicomponent nanomachines located at the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. Their main function is to transport bacterial proteins either extracellularly or directly into the eukaryotic host cell cytopla...
The C-terminal domains of the Frizzleds (FZDs) contain a short conserved motif (KTXXXW). It has been demonstrated that FZDs interacted with the PDZ domain of the cytoplasmic proteins such as Dishevelled through this motif and mutations in this motif...
Diphtheria toxin, an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium that causes disease in humans by inhibiting protein synthesis, enters the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The subsequent endosomal acidification triggers a series of conformational cha...
The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) is a membrane protein that is destabilized during purification in the absence of calcium ions. The disaccharide trehalose is a protein stabilizer that accumulates in the yeast cytoplasm when under st...
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) forms intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Its N-terminal domain (NTD) can dimerise/oligomerise with the head-...
The dynamism of proteins is central to their function, and several proteins have been described as flexible, as consisting of multiple domains joined by flexible linkers, and even as intrinsically disordered. Several techniques exist to study protein...
The autosomal-dominant pleiotropic disorder called oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) is caused by mutations in the gap junction protein Cx43. Of the 73 mutations identified to date, over one-third are localized in the cytoplasmic loop (Cx43CL) domai...
Plasmodium proteins are exported to the erythrocyte cytoplasm to create an environment that supports parasite replication. Although hundreds of proteins are predicted to be exported through Plasmodium export element (PEXEL)-dependent and -independent...
Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) encompasses a wide spectrum of developmental abnormalities of the anterior ocular segment, including congenital cataract, iris hypoplasia, aniridia, iridocorneal synechiae, as well as Peters, Axenfeld, and Rieger ano...
As part of a high-throughput subcellular localisation project, the protein encoded by the RIKEN mouse cDNA 2610528J11 was expressed and identified to be associated with both endosomes and the plasma membrane. Based on this, we have assigned the name...
The bacterial flagellum is a locomotive organelle that propels the bacterial cell body in liquid environments. The flagellum is a supramolecular complex composed of about 30 different proteins and consists of at least three parts: a rotary motor, a u...
ABCC1 (human multidrug resistance protein 1 (hMRP1)) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter which effluxes xeno- and endobiotic organic anions and confers multidrug resistance through active drug efflux. The 17 transmembrane α-helices of hMRP1 are di...
Most fungal, double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses lack an extracellular life cycle stage and are transmitted by cytoplasmic interchange. dsRNA mycovirus capsids are based on a 120-subunit T = 1 capsid, with a dimer as the asymmetric unit. These capsids,...
The Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene family encodes plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporters essential for ionic homeostasis and salt tolerance in plants. Here, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide characterization of SOS1 genes in allotetraploid co...
Arc (also known as Arg3.1) is an activity-dependent immediate early gene product enriched in neuronal dendrites. Arc plays essential roles in long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and synaptic scaling. Although its mechanisms of action in the...
Glycosyltransferases that use polyisoprenol-linked donor substrates are categorized in the GT-C superfamily. In eukaryotes, they act in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and are involved in N-glycosylation, glypiation, O-mannosylation, and C-manno...
The alphaherpesvirus UL37 tegument protein is a highly conserved, multi-functional protein. Mutagenesis analysis delineated the UL37 domains necessary for retrograde transport and viral replication. Specifically, the amino-terminal 480 amino acids ar...
The human zinc transporter ZnT8 provides the granules of pancreatic β-cells with zinc (II) ions for assembly of insulin hexamers for storage. Until recently, the structure and function of human ZnTs have been modelled on the basis of the 3D structure...
Disruptive neuronal migration during early brain development causes severe brain malformation. Characterized by mislocalization of cortical neurons, this condition is a result of the loss of function of migration regulating genes. One known neuronal...
Group 1 (Dur-19, PF00477, LEA_5) Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are present in organisms from all three domains of life, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Surprisingly, Artemia is the only genus known to include animals that express group 1...
Connexins (Cxs) are a family of integral membrane proteins, which function as both hexameric hemichannels (HCs) and dodecameric gap junction channels (GJCs), behaving as conduits for the electrical and molecular communication between cells and betwee...
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) significantly influences the modification of flower color. To explore the role of DFR in the synthesis of strawberry anthocyanins, in this study, we downloaded the CDS sequences of the DFR gene family from the Arabid...
The cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domain is present in the proteins of all living organisms and functions as an energy sensor, regulating protein activity through the binding capacity of its adenosine ligands. The role of the CBS gene in plant...