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Vehicles, Volume 8, Issue 4

2026 April - 26 articles

Cover Story: Rural signalized intersections face unique safety and mobility challenges, especially under adverse weather. This study uses microsimulation PTV VISSIM and surrogate safety analysis SSAM to evaluate how low autonomous vehicle AV penetration of just 10% and 25% affects traffic at a rural signalized intersection in Moab, Utah, under clear, rainy, and snowy conditions. Results show that 10% AV penetration reduces traffic conflicts by up to 60% in snow and improves mobility under clear weather. Notably, increasing from 10% to 25% AV penetration yields diminishing returns, highlighting that even early AV adoption offers measurable rural safety benefits. View this paper
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Articles (26)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,137 Views
24 Pages

To meet the high-fidelity testing environment requirements for autonomous driving system development, driving simulators are gradually evolving from tools that “only provide scenes and interaction interfaces” into integrated verification...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Smart Transportation Planning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
869 Views
16 Pages

CFD Numerical Simulation and Road Prediction for Sine-Wave-Class Road Overtaking

  • Hong-Tao Tang,
  • Fa-Rui Zhao,
  • Zi-Hao Zhang,
  • Yu-Liang Liu and
  • Xiu-Ming Cao

Existing research primarily focuses on ordinary straight roads or curves; however, there is a notable lack of recent research on continuous curves. This research employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dynamic mesh technology to numerically simula...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,645 Views
16 Pages

This paper presents an iterative graph-analytical procedure for determining the roll center height, one of the most critical design parameters influencing vehicle dynamic behavior during cornering. The conventional approaches generally determine roll...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicle Design Processes, 3rd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
947 Views
31 Pages

Conceptual Design and Regulatory Framework of a Modular Electric Propulsion System for Urban and Industrial Vehicles

  • David Abellán-López,
  • Francisco J. Simón-Portillo,
  • Abel R. Navarro-Arcas and
  • Miguel Sánchez-Lozano

The electrification of urban and industrial transport is driving the need for propulsion architectures that combine energy efficiency, operational flexibility and regulatory compliance. However, current electric platforms often lack the adaptability...

  • Article
  • Open Access
878 Views
22 Pages

Automated Mid-Surface Mesh Reconstruction for Automotive Plastic Parts Based on Point Cloud Registration

  • Yan Ma,
  • Hongbin Tang,
  • Zehui Huang,
  • Jianjiao Deng and ,
  • Jingchun Wang,
  • Shibin Wang,
  • Zhiguo Zhang and
  • Zhenjiang Wu
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

In automotive Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE), the fidelity of high-quality shell element meshes is fundamentally governed by the accuracy of mid-surface geometry extraction. Conventional manual extraction for complex automotive plastic components i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,148 Views
26 Pages

Detection of Traffic Lights and Status (Red, Yellow and Green) in Images with Different Environmental Conditions Using Architectures from Yolov8 to Yolov12

  • Julio Saucedo-Soto,
  • Viridiana Hernández-Herrera,
  • Moisés Márquez-Olivera,
  • Octavio Sánchez-García and
  • Antonio-Gustavo Juárez-Gracia

Given that approximately 70% of traffic accidents are attributable to driver-related factors, it is necessary for vehicles to incorporate technologies that reduce risk through preventive actions derived from traffic-scene analysis. Interpreting the d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Empowered Assisted and Autonomous Driving)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,366 Views
24 Pages

Optimisation-Based Tuning of a Triple-Loop Vehicle Controller to Mimic Professional Driver Performance in a DiL Simulator

  • Vincenzo Palermo,
  • Marco Gabiccini,
  • Eugeniu Grabovic,
  • Massimo Guiggiani and ,
  • Matteo Pergoli and
  • Luca Bergianti
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

This paper presents a simulation-based methodology for automated tuning of a triple-loop controller (steering, throttle, and braking) for a Dallara single-seater race car. The approach targets on-track driving at handling limits, where strong nonline...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Control Strategies for Vehicle Dynamics and Aerodynamics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,153 Views
18 Pages

A Reproducible Reference Architecture for Automated Driving Scenario Databases

  • Yavar Taghipour Azar,
  • Juan Diego Ortega and
  • Marcos Nieto

As automated vehicles move from controlled environments to unpredictable real-world roads, scenario-based testing has become the cornerstone of safety validation. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in scenario representation standard...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,000 Views
25 Pages

To address the emergency obstacle-avoidance problem of intelligent vehicles on structured roads, this paper proposes an integrated planning and control method that combines an improved Artificial Potential Field (APF) with fuzzy Model Predictive Cont...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,111 Views
17 Pages

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) offer sustainable solutions for urban last-mile logistics, yet existing navigation algorithms struggle with the complexity of dynamic metropolitan environments. This study optimises a reinforcement learning (RL)-based gu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,496 Views
27 Pages

Classical soil mechanics models are inadequate for predicting the traction of wheeled vehicles under high-velocity off-road conditions due to the complex dynamic soil response. To address this, this study proposes a velocity-segmented dynamic compres...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,039 Views
23 Pages

In recent years, the number of deaths caused by traffic accidents has continued to rise. According to investigations, approximately one-fifth of accidents are caused by drivers being distracted. With the rapid development of convolutional neural netw...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,035 Views
23 Pages

This paper presents a distributed hierarchical model predictive control (MPC) framework designed to ensure dynamic consensus and stability in nonlinear vehicle platoons, addressing challenges posed by mixed communication topologies and hard constrain...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,675 Views
20 Pages

Accurate estimation of battery state of health (SoH) is an important aspect for improving the reliability, safety, and operating efficiency of an energy storage system. This study presents a unified deep learning pipeline for prediction, latent featu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,115 Views
17 Pages

Train Track Change Detection Method Based on IMU Heading Angular Velocity

  • Weiwei Song,
  • Yuning Liu,
  • Xinke Zhao,
  • Yi Zhang and ,
  • Xinye Dai and
  • Shimin Zhang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Train track occupancy detection is essential for railway operation safety and dispatching, yet GNSS-based positioning and track matching can degrade or fail in turnouts and station yards due to multipath, interference, and dense track layouts. This p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization and Management of Urban Rail Transit Network)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,931 Views
25 Pages

To address unstable localization and sparse mapping for autonomous vehicles operating in GPS-denied and low-visibility environments, this paper proposes GTS-SLAM, a tightly coupled dense visual SLAM framework integrating Generalized Iterative Closest...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Empowered Assisted and Autonomous Driving)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,383 Views
30 Pages

Frequency-Based Examination of Tire-Specific Slips and Wheelbase Impact on Lateral Guidance Performance

  • Gaël Atheupe,
  • Gordan Kongue Meli,
  • Valentin Carvalho and
  • Anton Van Wyk

Contemporary vehicle development, particularly for overactuated platforms, demands design methodologies that bridge the gap between high-level performance targets and hardware selection. Existing physics-based models, while essential, offer limited u...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicle Design Processes, 3rd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,700 Views
27 Pages

Within the continuous development of automotive safety and increasingly stringent crash regulations under the Vision Zero initiative, physical crash testing remains essential for assessing occupant injury risk. This study focuses on the evaluation of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Mobility and Sustainable Automotive Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
986 Views
33 Pages

Adverse weather conditions significantly degrade mobility and safety at rural signalized intersections, where high approach speeds and limited driver expectancy amplify operational and crash risks. While autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Transportation Safety and Operations: Practical Perspectives, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,366 Views
13 Pages

This study conducts an in-depth investigation into the left–right lifting height deviation in the main lifting and lining device of the SQS-300K tunnel and bridge clearance cleaning vehicle under specific working conditions. Through field measu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization and Management of Urban Rail Transit Network)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,183 Views
34 Pages

Bio-LPG as a Transition Fuel for Diesel Engine Vehicles Towards Cleaner Mobility

  • Cristian Percembli,
  • Lucian Miron,
  • Mohanad Aldhaidhawi and
  • Radu Chiriac

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a widely available alternative fuel, easily stored in liquid form, capable of displacing diesel fuel in compression-ignition engines. Bio-LPG extends this pathway because it is a renewable drop-in form of LPG; its dis...

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Engines Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
803 Views
18 Pages

Cognitive or visual distraction caused by drivers using mobile phones, operating the central console, or conversing with passengers while driving is a significant contributing factor to road traffic accidents. Aiming to solve the problem that existin...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computer Vision Applications in Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1,209 Views
27 Pages

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology is becoming increasingly integrated into the full lifecycle management of expressways, emerging as a vital tool in the intelligent transformation of transportation infrastructure. However, existing research is...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicle Systems and Road Infrastructure Integration for Smarter Transportation Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,310 Views
14 Pages

Optimization of the Ignition System Diagnostics Methodology

  • Marek Nad,
  • Matus Danko,
  • Dusan Koniar and
  • Michal Frivaldsky

Regular inspection of ignition systems in internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is essential as these checks influence both engine performance and emission levels. While emission testing is mandatory for road vehicles, many industrial combustion...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,397 Views
26 Pages

Over the past decade, road safety research has experienced rapid development due to the rapid expansion of large crash databases, the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques, and the demand for proactive and predictive safety solutions. This s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Mobility and Sustainable Automotive Technologies)
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Vehicles - ISSN 2624-8921