Bioengineering, Volume 9, Issue 5

Laboratory medicine plays a fundamental role in the detection, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 infection. Recent observations of the morphology of cells circulating in blood found the presence of particular reactive lymphocytes (COVID-19 RL) in...

A new polythioester (PTE), poly(3-mercapto-2-methylpropionate) [P(3M2MP)], and its copolymer with 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) were successfully biosynthesized from 3-mercapto-2-methylpropionic acid as a structurally-related precursor. This is the fourth...

While spinal disc pathology has traditionally been treated using fusion-based procedures, recent interest in motion-preserving disc arthroplasties has grown. Traditional spinal fusion is associated with loss of motion, alteration of native spine kine...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical procedure useful for several benign conditions (such as wound healing and infections) and cancer. PDT is minimally invasive, presents few side effects, good scaring, and is able to minimal tissue destruction ma...

Synthetic plastics derived from fossil fuels—such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene—are non-degradable. A large amount of plastic waste enters landfills and pollutes the environment. Hence, there is an ur...

Background: Although spinopelvic radiographs analysis is the standard for a pathological diagnosis, it cannot explain the activities of the spine in daily life. This study investigates the correlation between sagittal parameters and spinal range of m...

Growth factors are bio-factors that target reparatory cells during bone regeneration. These growth factors are needed in complicated conditions of bone and joint damage to enhance tissue repair. The delivery of these growth factors is key to ensuring...

Partial denitrification, the termination of NO₃⁻-N reduction at nitrite (NO₂⁻-N), has received growing interest for treating wastewaters with high ammonium concentrations, because it can be coupled to anammox for total-nitrogen removal. N...

An in-depth evaluation of the mechanical and metallurgical properties of NiTi instruments is fundamental to assess their performance and to compare recently introduced instrument with widespread ones. According to this, since there are no data on thi...

Recent trends in 3D cell culturing has placed organotypic tissue models at another level. Now, not only is the microenvironment at the cynosure of this research, but rather, microscopic geometrical parameters are also decisive for mimicking a tissue...

End-stage liver diseases lead to mortality of millions of patients, as the only treatment available is liver transplantation and donor scarcity means that patients have to wait long periods before receiving a new liver. In order to minimize donor org...

Recent advances in periodontal studies have attracted the attention of researchers to the relation between oral cells and gum diseases, which is a real threat to overall human health. Among various microfabrication technologies, Complementary Metal O...

This study investigates the role of Sygen^® in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, a severe disease that affects the peripheral nervous system in diabetic individuals. This disorder often impacts the lower limbs, causing significant discomfort and, if...

The objective of this paper is to define normal values of a novel 3D cephalometric analysis and to define the links through an artificial neural network (ANN). Methods: One hundred and fifteen CBCTs of Class I young patients, distributed among gender...

Here, we describe the characterization of tooth-germ organoids, three-dimensional (3D) constructs cultured in vitro with the potential to develop into living teeth. To date, the methods used to successfully create tooth organoids capable of forming f...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a potential class of biomolecules for diagnostic biomarker applications. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules, produced and released by cells in response to various stimuli, that demonstrate remarkable stabilit...

Background: Protecting cardiac function in patients with advanced left-breast cancer receiving radiation therapy (RT) with regional nodal irradiation (RNI) is an important issue. Modern RT techniques can limit cardiac exposure. The aim of this study...

Pseudoexfoliation, one of the most frequent crystalline lens complex disorders, is prevalent in up to 30% of individuals older than 60 years old. This disease can lead to severe conditions, such as subluxation or dislocation of the lens, due to the w...

Despite advances in telemedicine, practices remain diverse, ranging from telephonic to still images and video-based conferencing. We review the various modes of telemedicine in burn care and summarize relevant studies, including their contributions a...

This paper presents the design and a comparative analysis of the structural and solvation factors on the spectral and biological properties of the BODIPY biomarker with a thioterpene fragment. Covalent binding of the thioterpene moiety to the butanoi...

Antigen binding fragments (Fabs) used in research (e.g., antibody mimetics, antibody-drug conjugate, bispecific antibodies) are frequently obtained by enzymatic digestion of monoclonal antibodies using immobilised papain. Despite obtaining pure Fab,...

Exoskeleton technology has undergone significant developments for the adult population but is still lacking for the pediatric population. This paper presents the design of a hip–knee exoskeleton for children 6 to 11 years old with gait abnormal...

The production and large-scale application of traditional chemical pesticides will bring environmental pollution and food safety problems. With the advantages of high safety and environmental friendliness, botanical biopesticides are in line with the...

Two-way Euler-Lagrange simulations are performed to characterize the hydrodynamics in the single-use bioreactor Mobius^® CellReady 3 L. The hydrodynamics in stirred tank bioreactors are frequently modeled with the Euler–Euler approach, which...

Interfacing ultrathin functional films for epidermal applications with external recording instruments or readout electronics still represents one of the biggest challenges in the field of tattoo electronics. With the aim of providing a convenient sol...

Aerobic, hydrogen oxidizing bacteria are capable of efficient, non-phototrophic CO₂ assimilation, using H₂ as a reducing agent. The presence of explosive gas mixtures requires strict safety measures for bioreactor and process design. Here, we report...

The control of cell behaviour in an effort to create highly homogeneous cultures is becoming an area of intense research, both to elucidate fundamental biology and for regenerative applications. The extracellular matrix (ECM) controls many cellular p...

The extracellular microenvironment is a highly dynamic network of biophysical and biochemical elements, which surrounds cells and transmits molecular signals. Extracellular microenvironment controls are of crucial importance for the ability to direct...

Despite evidence associating the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices with increased survival and quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure (HF), significant complications and high costs limit their clinical use. We aimed...

Noble metal nanoparticles have been sought after in cancer nanomedicine during the past two decades, owing to the unique localized surface plasmon resonance that induces strong absorption and scattering properties of the nanoparticles. A popular appl...

The human ankle is a complex joint, most commonly represented as the talocrural and subtalar axes. It is troublesome to take in vivo measurements of the ankle joint. There are no instruments for patients lying on flat surfaces; employed in outdoor or...

The most common complication of median sternotomy surgery is sternum re-separation after sternal fixation, which leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality. The adhered sternal fixation technique comprises the wiring fixation technique and the us...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Cervical cancer, for instance, is considered a major scourge in low-income countries. Its development is mostly associated with the human papillomavirus persistent infection and despite the avail...

Real-time monitoring of bioanalytes in organotypic cell cultivation devices is a major research challenge in establishing stand-alone diagnostic systems. Presently, no general technical facility is available that offers a plug-in system for bioanalyt...

In end-stage lung diseases, the shortage of donor lungs for transplantation and long waiting lists are the main culprits in the significantly increasing number of patient deaths. New strategies to curb this issue are being developed with the help of...

Glaucoma is linked to raised intraocular pressure (IOP). The trabecular meshwork (TM) plays a major role in regulating IOP by enabling outflow of aqueous humor from the eye through its complex 3D structure. A lack of therapies targeting the dysfuncti...

Type I collagen is one of the most important proteins in the human body because of its role in providing structural support to the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues. Understanding its mechanical properties was widely investigated using e...

In this work, polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) and biochar from pine wood (PWB) are used in a mini-pilot scale biological reactor (11.3 L of geometric volume) for trichloroethylene (TCE) removal (80 mgTCE/day and 6 L/day of flow rate). The PHB-biochar reac...

Chronic wounds are a serious problem in clinical work and a heavy burden for individuals and society. In order to develop novel therapies, adequate model systems for the investigation of wound healing are required. Although in past years different in...

Research on the capability of non-viral gene delivery systems to induce tissue regeneration is a continued effort as the current use of viral vectors can present with significant limitations. Despite initially showing lower gene transfection and gene...

The fabrication of instructive materials to engineer bone substitute scaffolds is still a relevant challenge. Current advances in additive manufacturing techniques make possible the fabrication of 3D scaffolds with even more controlled architecture a...

Podocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells are enabling studies of kidney development and disease. However, many of these studies are carried out in traditional tissue culture plates that do not accurately recapitulate the mol...

Tissue engineering technology has been advanced and applied to various applications in the past few years. The presence of a bioreactor is one key factor to the successful development of advanced tissue engineering products. In this work, we develope...

Bone fracture healing is an overly complex process in which inflammation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis are tightly coupled, and delayed fracture repair is a very common health risk. One of the major causes of delayed healing is the formation of ins...

In vitro studies using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a valuable method to study aspects of embryogenesis, avoiding ethical issues when using embryonic materials and species dissimilarities. The xenograft teratoma assay is often traditionally...

Little information is available on the forces that fingers can generate, and few devices exist to measure the forces they can create. The objective of this paper is to propose an experimental device to measure the moments generated by finger joints....

Background: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that can cause serious complications that can be avoided by preventing the glycemic levels from exceeding the physiological range. Straightforwardly, many data-driven models were dev...

Background: A healthy lifestyle is not always able to improve the abdomen’s appearance, especially in those patients who have undergone sudden weight changes. Objective: We aimed at evaluating the efficacy of combined microwaves and flat magnet...

The main indications for right ventricular assist device (RVAD) support are right heart failure after implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or early graft failure following heart transplantation. We sought to study the effects induc...

To study the sensing process of the human semicircular canals (HSCs) during head rotation, which is difficult to directly measure due to physiological reasons. A 1-BSC (one-dimensional bionic semicircular canal) and 3-BSC were prepared with soft SMPF...