Bioengineering, Volume 9, Issue 4

Cyanobacteria are a large group of prokaryotic microalgae that are able to grow photo-autotrophically by utilizing sunlight and by assimilating carbon dioxide to build new biomass. One of the most interesting among many cyanobacteria cell components...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most extensively studied stem cell types owing to their capacity for differentiation into multiple lineages as well as their ability to secrete regenerative factors and modulate immune functions. However,...

Food security and crop production are challenged worldwide due to overpopulation, changing environmental conditions, crop establishment failure, and various kinds of post-harvest losses. The demand for high-quality foods with improved nutritional qua...

Heart failure with preserved ejection (HFpEF) is a heterogenous condition affecting nearly half of all patients with heart failure (HF). Artificial intelligence methodologies can be useful to identify patient subclassifications with important clinica...

NELL1 (Neural epidermal growth factor-like (EGFL)-like protein) is an important biomarker associated with tissue and bone development and regeneration. NELL1 upregulation has been linked with metastasis and negative prognosis in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS...

Improving productivity to reduce the cost of biologics manufacturing and ensure that therapeutics can reach more patients remains a major challenge faced by the biopharmaceutical industry. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are commonly prepared...

Fractures of the femur are a frequent problem in elderly people, and it has been demonstrated that treating them with a diagnostic–therapeutic–assistance path within 48 h of admission to the hospital reduces complications and shortens the...

A critical-size bone defect is a challenging clinical problem in which a gap between bone ends will not heal and will become a nonunion. The current treatment is to harvest and transplant an autologous bone graft to facilitate bone bridging. To devel...

In the era of climate changes, harmful dinoflagellate outbreaks that produce potent algal toxins, odor, and water discoloration in aquatic environments have been increasingly reported. Thus, various treatments have been attempted for the mitigation a...

Archaeal lipids have a high biotechnological potential, caused by their high resistance to oxidative stress, extreme pH values and temperatures, as well as their ability to withstand phospholipases. Further, methanogens, a specific group of archaea,...

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be used to generate various cell types in the human body. Hence, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represent a significant cell source for disease modeling, drug testing, and regenerative medic...

Seismocardiography (SCG) is largely regarded as the state-of-the-art technique for continuous, long-term monitoring of cardiac mechanical activity in wearable applications. SCG signals are acquired via small, lightweight accelerometers fixed on the c...

In vitro cancer models are envisioned as high-throughput screening platforms for potential new therapeutic discovery and/or validation. They also serve as tools to achieve personalized treatment strategies or real-time monitoring of disease propagati...

In Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), the early detection of neonatal seizures is of utmost importance for a timely clinical intervention. Over the years, several neonatal seizure detection systems were proposed to detect neonatal seizures automa...

Lactide dimer is an important monomer produced from lactic acid dehydration, followed by the prepolymer depolymerization process, and subsequent purification. As lactic acid is a chiral molecule, lactide can exist in three isomeric forms: L-, D-, and...

Healthcare applications are known to have a considerable environmental impact and the use of bio-based polymers has emerged as a powerful approach to reduce the carbon footprint in the sector. This research aims to explore the suitability of using a...

Lymphedema is characterized by progressive and chronic tissue swelling and inflammation from local accumulation of interstitial fluid due to lymphatic injury or dysfunction. It is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts a patient’s...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and breast cancer (BC) is the second most reported cancer. Although the incidence rate is reducing in developed countries, the reverse is the case in low- and middle-income countries. Early detect...

This paper presents a new analog front-end classification system that serves as a wake-up engine for digital back-ends, targeting embedded devices for epileptic seizure prediction. Predicting epileptic seizures is of major importance for the patient’...

Hyaluronan (HA) has complex biological roles that have catalyzed clinical interest in several fields of medicine. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of HA aggregation, also called densification, in human organs. The literature suggests...

Microemulsions and nanoemulsions are lipid-based pharmaceutical systems with a high potential to increase the permeation of drugs through the skin. Although being isotropic dispersions of two nonmiscible liquids (oil and water), significant differenc...

Traveling with children with autism can be very challenging for parents due to their reactions to sensory stimuli resulting in behavioral problems, which lead to self-injury and danger for themselves and others. Deep pressure was reported to have a c...

In this paper, the performance of three recent algorithms for the frequency-response enhancement of microwave resonant sensors are compared. The first one, a single-step algorithm, is based on a couple of direct-inverse Fourier transforms, giving a d...

Regulatory authorities place stringent guidelines on the removal of contaminants during the manufacture of biopharmaceutical products. Monoclonal antibodies, Fc-fusion proteins, and other mammalian cell-derived biotherapeutics are heterogeneous molec...

To increase the availability and expand the raw material base, the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by the wild strain Cupriavidus necator B-10646 on hydrolysates of sugar beet molasses was studied. The hydrolysis of molasses was carried out...

As of 27 December 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 278 million persons and caused 5.3 million deaths. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, different methods, from medical to artificial intelligence, have been used for its detection, diagnosis, and surve...

Arrhythmias are defined as irregularities in the heartbeat rhythm, which may infrequently occur in a human’s life. These arrhythmias may cause potentially fatal complications, which may lead to an immediate risk of life. Thus, the detection and...

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the need for developing effective respiratory support that can be rapidly implemented during critical surge capacity scenarios in healthcare settings. Lung support with bubble continuous positive airway...

Developing novel drug formulations and progressing them to the clinical environment relies on preclinical in vitro studies and animal tests to evaluate efficacy and toxicity. However, these current techniques have failed to accurately predict the cli...

Compared to cell therapy, where cells are injected into a defect region, the treatment of heart infarction with cells seeded in a vascularized scaffold bears advantages, such as an immediate nutrient supply or a controllable and persistent localizati...

In the past few decades, many non-invasive monitoring methods have been developed based on body acoustics to investigate a wide range of medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory problems, nervous system disorders, and gastro...

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration occurs with natural ageing and is linked to low back pain, a common disease. As an avascular tissue, the microenvironment inside the IVD is harsh. During degeneration, the condition becomes even more compromised...

Linking community composition and ecosystem function via the cultivation-independent analysis of marker genes, e.g., the 16S rRNA gene, is a staple of microbial ecology and dependent disciplines. The certainty of results, independent of the bioinform...

Periapical implantitis (IPL) is an increasingly frequent complication of dental implants. The causes of this condition are not yet entirely clear, although a bacterial component is certainly part of the etiology. In this case series study, two approa...

Genetics plays an ever-increasing role in medical diagnostics. The requirements for laboratory diagnostics are constantly changing due to new emerging diagnostic procedures, methodologies, devices, and regulatory requirements. Standard software alrea...

As education and knowledge are adapted to new education systems, as per the Bologna Plan, new technologies are required for educational support. In dentistry, the creation of virtual simulators can advance understanding in areas like anatomy. With th...

Adipose tissue is an attractive source of stem cells due to its wide availability. They contribute to the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which is composed of pre-adipocytes, tissue-progenitors, and pericytes, among others. Because its direct use in...

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) stands out as one of the main causes of dementia worldwide and it represents around 65% of all dementia cases, affecting mainly elderly people. AD is composed of three evolutionary stages: Mild Cognitive Imp...

The infection of surgically placed implants is a problem that is both large in magnitude and that broadly affects nearly all surgical specialties. Implant-associated infections deleteriously affect patient quality-of-life and can lead to greater morb...

Background and Objectives: Urinary incontinence is the accidental loss of urine that can occur at any age, especially among women over 50; however, its prevalence is increasing. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a device that uses...

A large part of the world’s population suffers from Striae distensae (SD) or stretch marks, which create physical and psychological discomfort in people. We evaluate the SD clinical improvement by using a non-ablative fractional Nd:YAP 1340 nm...

Background: Degenerative disc disease is a progressive and chronic disorder with many open questions regarding its pathomorphological mechanisms. In related studies, in vitro organ culture systems are becoming increasingly essential as a replacement...

Objective: Pulmonary function parameters play a pivotal role in the assessment of respiratory diseases. However, the accuracy of the existing methods for the prediction of pulmonary function parameters is low. This study proposes a combination algori...

Footwear is among the most important equipment in sports to decrease injuries and enhance performance during exercise. In this study, we investigated differences in lower extremity plantar pressure and muscle activations during jump rope activities....

Antibiotics are frequently detected in the aquatic environment due to their excessive usage and low-efficiency removal in wastewater treatment plants. This can provide the origin to the development of antibiotic-resistant genes in the microbial commu...

The Enset plant is a potential food source for about 20 million Ethiopians. A massive amount of residual byproduct is discarded from traditional Ethiopian Enset food processing. This study shows a compositional analysis of Enset biomass and its use f...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that causes disability if left untreated. The treatment of OA currently requires a proper delivery system that avoids the loss of therapeutic ingredients. Hydrogels are widely used in tissue...

Purpose: We aim to evaluate the robustness of multi-field IMRT and VMAT plans to target motion for left-sided BC radiotherapy. Methods: The 7-field hybrid IMRT (7F-H-IMRT) and 2-arc VMAT (2A-VMAT) plans were generated for ten left-sided BC patients....

In this work, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and curcumin drug were incorporated in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers by electrospinning as a novel tissue engineering scaffold in nerve regeneration. The influence of AuNPs on the morphology, cryst...

During the last ten years the use of robotic-assisted rehabilitation has increased significantly. Compared with traditional care, robotic rehabilitation has several potential advantages. Platform-based robotic rehabilitation can help patients recover...