2026 October - 94 articles
In space-based gravitational wave detection missions, the test mass (TM), which serves as the inertial reference, must maintain extremely low residual acceleration noise. During in-orbit operation, Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and Solar Energetic Part...
We make a detailed comparison of frequency modulation spectroscopy (FMS) and modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) and of their applications in stabilizing laser frequency. In both FMS and MTS, intensity modulations of probe beam are observed in sat...
Real-time analysis of optical weather images is important for resource-constrained embedded vision systems. However, the computational cost of deep learning models limits their deployment on resource-constrained platforms. This paper presents a resou...
Metasurfaces provide a versatile platform for vivid structural coloration by tailoring the visible spectrum at the subwavelength scale. A variety of research has been dedicated to broadening the color gamut including hue and saturation. However, the...
Malaria persists to pose a prominent global health challenge, retained as one of the leading vector-borne diseases responsible for substantial illness and fatality rate, predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions. In this manuscript, a photoni...
A miniaturized 3-dB coupler based on strongly coupled dual-hollow-core anti-resonant fibers (DHC-ARF) is proposed. The designed coupler has a short device length of 3.8 mm, a small microstructural diameter of 48 μm, and a standard circular outer j...
A temperature-tunable directional coupler is proposed and numerically investigated for power transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes between two ring cores. Selective infiltration of a thermosensitive liquid into the air holes of a dual-ring...
Atmospheric turbulence is an important factor affecting the application of the free-space optical communication (FSOC) system in the atmospheric environment. The scintillation effect caused by turbulence distorts the phase and amplitude of the optica...
The present study investigates the effects of femtosecond (fsec) laser irradiation on the surface morphology, composition, microstructure, and nanohardness of brass under vacuum and oxygen environments. Brass targets were irradiated using a Ti:sapphi...
The capacity of optical fiber communication systems is increasingly constrained by mode coupling effects in multimode fibers, limiting spatial division multiplexing (SDM) performance. To enhance SDM, novel fiber designs with low inter-core crosstalk...
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR)–camera calibration requires reliable target reconstruction and robust pose estimation. We present P3LPnP, a plane-guided point-line framework that registers a known-size checkerboard lattice and jointly optim...
Subwavelength gratings (SWGs) exhibit optical responses that are highly sensitive to structural parameters, where the etching depth is a critical parameter determining device performance but remains challenging to characterize accurately. In this wor...
In dual-frequency heterodyne structured-light 3D measurement, fringe-order misjudgment often occurs near object edges, hole boundaries, and local low-reliability regions, which may further lead to absolute phase jumps and abnormal 3D reconstruction r...
From smartphones to artificial intelligence chips, nearly all modern electronics depend on lithography to drive device miniaturization. Realizing nanoscale linewidths and fabricating intricate patterns remain central challenges for lithographic techn...
Laser self-mixing interference (SMI) with dual external-cavity optical feedback exhibits a distinct characteristic: a change in the length of one external cavity periodically modulates the amplitude of the SMI signal produced by the other external ca...
Noise-induced spectral fluctuations can substantially degrade gas concentration retrieval in tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), particularly when the absorption features are weak. A coordinate-attention-enhanced convolutional neural...
InGaAs photocathodes operating in the 0.9–1.7 μm spectral band are fundamentally limited by optical reflection losses and incomplete light absorption in thin active layers. In this work, we constructed periodic micro-nanostructured InGaAs ph...
We measure the effect of varying the mean free path on the optimization of transmission and reflection in opaque media. We find that the intensity enhancement depends strongly on the sample’s mean free path, with the transmissive enhancement in...
This work presents a theoretical and experimental investigation of polarization-dependent direct laser writing of birefringent structures in the bulk of fused silica. Within the framework of the Keldysh photoionization theory, the ionization rate in...
The growing demand for sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of trace analytes in complex matrices is driving the development of compact optical sensing platforms. Metasurfaces can strengthen light–matter interactions through subwavelength...
We report a high-energy femtosecond burst-mode laser based on an all-fiber chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) chain followed by a grating compressor. The system incorporates a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror oscillator, a dispersion-adjustable dual c...
Laser warning receivers (LWRs) locate laser threat sources by measuring the incident direction of incoming laser radiation. Parametric errors inherent in their optical systems constitute a critical factor that affects angle measurement accuracy. Exis...
We investigated how two equal-average-power thulium fiber laser (TFL) regimens differ in vapor-bubble development. Regimens combining measured tip energies of 25 mJ at 100 Hz with a 1000 μs set duration (S1) and 10 mJ at 250 Hz with a 400 μs se...
Harnessing vibrational strong coupling (VSC) in molecular systems offers a promising route to controlling material properties and chemical dynamics via hybrid light–matter states. While prior studies have demonstrated VSC in polymeric thin film...
Background: Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a non-contact, wide-field optical imaging technique that quantifies tissue absorption (μₐ) and reduced scattering coefficients (μs′). Conventional SFDI provides depth-averaged 2...
Initially considered secure against interception, fiber-optic networks were subsequently found susceptible to covert tapping, although such attacks require different coupling mechanisms and components than those used for twisted pair and coaxial cabl...
A dynamically tunable terahertz metamaterial based on a graphene grating structure is proposed and numerically investigated to achieve hexaplex plasmon-induced transparency (hexa-PIT) and high-sensitivity refractive index sensing. The key innovation...
LiDAR is a key sensor for depth perception in applications ranging from autonomous vehicles and industrial robotics to robotic vacuum cleaners and topographic mapping, with its depth resolution determined by the timing electronics. This article, to t...
Optical profilometry based on heterodyne interferometry was used to characterize the lateral surface topography of reflective surfaces with microstructures. A 633 nm laser beam is split into an unshifted object beam and a reference beam that is frequ...
Higher-order polarization states, arising from the nonseparable coupling between the spatial and polarization degrees of freedom, have important applications in structured-light science. However, when directly carried by fully coherent beams, their s...
Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) photodetectors operating in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) band play an indispensable role in infrared sensing and imaging. However, conventional MCT detectors respond only to the intensity of incident light and lack th...
Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) operated in free-running mode exhibit three major nonideal effects: dead time, recovery time, and afterpulsing. Together, these effects cause the measured count rate to deviate from the true incident photon rate...
This paper investigates the propagation of optical solitons governed by the fractional Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel model incorporating cubic–quintic nonlinearities and higher-order perturbation effects. The model captures complex pu...
We propose and numerically demonstrate a novel scheme that synergistically combines a linearly polarized (LP) driving laser with a second circularly polarized (CP) laser to generate angularly separated elliptical harmonics carrying tunable spin angul...
In underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), water absorption, scattering, and transceiver misalignment increase the difficulty of accurate channel estimation. Estimation accuracy...
The generation of intense few-cycle laser pulses with a stabilized carrier-envelope phase (CEP) has enabled unprecedented control of strong-field laser–matter interactions on an attosecond time scale. Few-cycle laser fields allow direct manipul...
Wearable fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors offer attractive advantages for physiological monitoring. However, the weak strain generated by respiration and cardiac activity and the susceptibility to laser intensity noise and motion-induced disturbance...
The study is aimed at selecting low-cost semiconductor laser emitters for fiber-optic sensors of systems that monitor the technical condition of mine workings, open pits and monolithic building structures. One specimen of each of the three commercial...
To address the low efficiency and operator dependence inherent in traditional methods for measuring asphalt pavement mean texture depth (MTD), this paper proposes a digital evaluation method based on three-dimensional (3D) point-cloud data. Pavement...
Path-integrated turbulence strength
At the air–sea interface, a laser is transmitted across media from an optically denser medium to an optically thinner one, and the random fluctuation of the sea surface causes expansion, scintillation and drift of the spot on the receiving plan...
Seawater conductivity (salinity), temperature, and depth (CTD) are key parameters for characterizing oceanic hydrodynamic processes, climate evolution, underwater acoustics and marine ecosystems. This paper systematically reviews recent research prog...
We present a novel deep learning-based technique for measuring linear-chirp instability of ultrashort laser pulse trains directly from their Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) traces. This approach requires neither an iterative retrieval algori...
High-intensity laser illumination of an imaging system can produce complex spot occlusion and interference in the captured images, resulting in partial loss of scene information. To enable effective detection in complex laser environments, we propose...
Long-range single-photon LiDAR is limited by stop-and-go acquisition overhead and uncertain spatial attribution during scanner motion. We present a motion–acquisition-decoupled Poisson three-dimensional reconstruction framework in which scannin...
A photonics-assisted D-band wireless transmission system employing an in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) mixer and maximum-ratio combining (MRC) is experimentally demonstrated. Two intermediate-frequency (IF) outputs from a single radio-frequency input are di...
This paper proposes a compact and tunable plasmon modulator based on a metal-grating/graphene hybrid structure, aiming to overcome the critical bottlenecks of conventional modulators in terms of integration density and dynamic tunability. The device...
Ghost imaging (GI) reconstructs an object by correlating intensity fluctuations of a bucket detector with precomputed speckle patterns. Conventional spread-spectrum GI (SSGI) uses a fixed spreading factor (SF) for all patterns, leading to inefficient...
Spatially modulated full-polarization imaging enables the acquisition of full Stokes parameters in a single snapshot. However, at low carrier frequencies or in complex noise environments, conventional frequency-domain demodulation is susceptible to s...
In radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems, digital signal processing (DSP) is concentrated at the central station, leaving the remote antenna unit with only a power amplifier and an antenna. Cost-constrained commercial-grade components along the signal chain...
of 2
