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Informatics, Volume 13, Issue 4

2026 April - 19 articles

Cover Story: Cyber threats are a growing concern in the healthcare sector, with hospitals being primary targets. While adequate protective measures require knowledge about current threats, information on cyber risks remains limited. This study identifies types of cyber risks and evaluates factors influencing incident occurrence across the dimensions of the HOT-fit model using a mixed-methods approach. Data on cyber incidents and data breaches from 2021 to 2024 across five international datasets were consolidated into a single unified dataset. Results were discussed in four focus groups with hospital IT experts. While employee awareness is improving, human error remains a significant vulnerability. At the same time, increasingly organized cybercrime, ransomware attacks, and the ongoing integration of new technologies continue to expand the threat landscape. View this paper
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Articles (19)

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,989 Views
23 Pages

The Role of Human–Computer Interaction in Shaping User Engagement with E-Commerce Applications

  • Hasan Razzaqi,
  • Mahmood Akbar,
  • Jayendira P. Sankar and
  • T. Ramayah

This research aimed to determine the influence of human–computer interaction usability on the behavioral intention and self-reported continued usage intentions of e-commerce applications. Moreover, it investigated the moderating role of trust i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,193 Views
23 Pages

SPARK_AI: A Prompt-Orchestrated Architecture for Stateful, Process-Oriented Reasoning with Large Language Models

  • Marija Kaplar,
  • Sebastijan Kaplar,
  • Miloš Vučić,
  • Lidija Ivanović,
  • Aleksandra Stevanović,
  • Aleksandar Milenković and
  • Nemanja Vučićević

This paper presents SPARK_AI, a prompt-orchestrated system architecture for governing how large language models (LLMs) conduct structured and adaptive reasoning in human–AI interaction. The framework mitigates ad hoc LLM use by replacing direct...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,582 Views
20 Pages

Collaborative Multi-Agent Method for Zero-Shot LLM-Generated Text Detection

  • Gang Sun,
  • Bowen Li,
  • Ying Zhou,
  • Yi Zhu and
  • Jipeng Qiang

With the rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs), distinguishing machine-generated text from human-authored content has become increasingly critical for ensuring content authenticity, academic integrity, and trust in information systems....

(This article belongs to the Section Big Data Mining and Analytics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,685 Views
28 Pages

The BiTemporal RDF (BiTRDF) model extends the standard RDF data model by integrating both valid time and transaction time, thus enabling the representation and querying of dynamic and historical knowledge. While the theoretical foundations of BiTRDF...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,294 Views
16 Pages

GRU-Based Beam Pattern Synthesis for Optimized Uniform Linear Antenna Arrays

  • Armando Arce,
  • Fernando Arce,
  • Enrique Stevens-Navarro,
  • Ulises Pineda-Rico,
  • Mohammad Reza Rahmati and
  • Abel García-Barrientos

This study presents a deep learning-based framework for beam pattern synthesis in optimized uniform linear antenna arrays, combining Differential Evolution–based pre-optimization with recurrent neural network (RNN) modeling. Radiation patterns...

(This article belongs to the Section Machine Learning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,669 Views
26 Pages

Enabling Inclusive Access to Restricted Sacred Spaces: A Real-World Comparison of VR360 and AI-Driven Virtual Reality

  • Phimphakan Thongthip,
  • Darin Poollapalin,
  • Songpon Khanchai,
  • Pakinee Ariya and
  • Phichete Julrode

This study investigates how virtual reality systems can support inclusive access to culturally restricted sacred heritage sites. Two extended reality (XR) approaches were developed and deployed in a real-world setting: a VR360 virtual tour and an AI-...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Real-World Applications and Prototyping of Information Systems for Extended Reality (VR, AR, and MR))
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,593 Views
28 Pages

Augmented Reality as a Tool for 5G Learning: Interactive Visualization of NSA/SA Architectures and Network Components

  • Nathaly Orozco Garzón,
  • David Herrera,
  • Angel Gomez,
  • Pablo Plaza,
  • Henry Carvajal Mora,
  • Roberto Sánchez Albán,
  • José Vega-Sánchez and
  • Paola Vinueza-Naranjo

The rapid advancement of digital and mobile technologies has reshaped the educational landscape, fostering the adoption of interactive and learner-centered methodologies. Among these, immersive technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR), when couple...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,625 Views
25 Pages

Urban waste management remains a significant challenge for achieving environmental sustainability and advancing smart city infrastructures. This study proposes a multimodal vision–language framework that integrates real-time object detection wi...

(This article belongs to the Section Machine Learning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,831 Views
15 Pages

Assessment Validity in the Age of Generative AI: A Natural Experiment

  • Håvar Brattli,
  • Alexander Utne and
  • Matthew Lynch

Universities play a dual role as sites of learning and as institutions that certify student competence through assessment. The rapid diffusion of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) challenges this certification function by altering the condit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generative AI in Higher Education: Applications, Implications, and Future Directions)
  • Review
  • Open Access
4,825 Views
34 Pages

The increasing digitalization of industrial ecosystems under the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has intensified the demand for fast, reliable, and inclusive broadband connectivity. The expansion of 5G technology led by data-driven services addresses the g...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,741 Views
25 Pages

The healthcare sector is undergoing a digital transformation that improves the quality of care, increases efficiency, and enhances connectivity. With digitalization comes an increase in cyber threats. Hospitals are among the primary targets of cyberc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,072 Views
19 Pages

Quality Assessment of Generative AI in Cybersecurity Certification

  • Vanessa G. Félix,
  • Rodolfo Ostos,
  • Luis J. Mena,
  • Homero Toral-Cruz,
  • Alberto Ochoa-Brust,
  • Pablo Velarde-Alvarado,
  • Apolinar González-Potes,
  • Ramón A. Félix-Cuadras,
  • José A. León-Borges and
  • Rafael Martínez-Peláez

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), is rapidly changing how higher education approaches teaching, learning, and assessment. In cybersecurity education, professional certification exams are key for me...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Generative AI in Higher Education: Applications, Implications, and Future Directions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,919 Views
44 Pages

Tax Professionals’ Perceptions, Compliance Costs, and Compliance Intentions Under Indonesia’s Core Tax Administration System

  • Prianto Budi Saptono,
  • Gustofan Mahmud,
  • Ismail Khozen,
  • Arfah Habib Saragih,
  • Wulandari Kartika Sari,
  • Adang Hendrawan and
  • Milla Sepliana Setyowati

This study provides an early evaluation of the effectiveness of the Core Tax Administration System, a digital taxation platform introduced to integrate all tax administration processes in Indonesia into a single system. To conduct this evaluation, th...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,078 Views
33 Pages

Ethics in Artificial Intelligence: A Cross-Sectoral Review of 2019–2025

  • Charalampos M. Liapis,
  • Nikos Fazakis,
  • Sotiris Kotsiantis and
  • Yannis Dimakopoulos

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transitioned from a specialized research area to a ubiquitous socio-technical infrastructure influencing sectors from healthcare and law to manufacturing and defense. In tandem with its transformative promise, AI has...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,757 Views
26 Pages

Data Mining to Identify Factors Associated with University Student Retention

  • Yuri Reina Marín,
  • Lenin Quiñones Huatangari,
  • Judith Nathaly Alva Tuesta,
  • Omer Cruz Caro,
  • Jorge Luis Maicelo Guevara,
  • Einstein Sánchez Bardales and
  • River Chávez Santos

Student retention has become a major challenge for higher education institutions due to the influence that academic, socioeconomic, family, and motivational factors exert on students’ academic continuity. In this context, understanding the dete...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
767 Views
16 Pages

The discrete-form control of the Stewart platform is essential for digital implementation in intelligent manufacturing and robotic systems under the context of Industry 4.0, yet its performance is often degraded by unavoidable discrete disturbances....

(This article belongs to the Section Industry 4.0)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,542 Views
35 Pages

Generative AI-Assisted Automation of Clinical Data Processing: A Methodological Framework for Streamlining Behavioral Research Workflows

  • Marta Lilia Eraña-Díaz,
  • Alejandra Rosales-Lagarde,
  • Iván Arango-de-Montis and
  • José Alejandro Velázquez-Monzón

This article presents a methodological framework for automating clinical data processing workflows using Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an interactive co-developer. We demonstrate how Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,206 Views
26 Pages

Concurrent Prediction of Length of Stay, Mortality, and Total Charges in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Using Continuous Machine Learning

  • Jiahui Ma,
  • Elizabeth Johnson,
  • Bradley M. Whitaker,
  • Faraz Dadgostari,
  • Hansjorg Schwertz and
  • Bernadette McCrory

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presents significant clinical challenges due to its genetic complexity and high relapse rates. While outcomes like length of stay (LOS), mortality, and total charges (TCs) are critical quality indicators, most exist...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2,058 Views
20 Pages

Workspace digitalisation presents a transformative shift from traditional, physically bounded offices to virtual, technology-enabled environments. Digital technologies like cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things enable r...

(This article belongs to the Section Social Informatics and Digital Humanities)
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Informatics - ISSN 2227-9709