2025 November - 153 articles
Background: Pediatric thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into a valuable diagnostic modality that offers high-resolution morphological and functional assessment. While conventional radiography and computed tomography (CT) remain st...
Background: Medical child abuse (MCA), previously known as Münchausen syndrome by proxy, involves the fabrication or induction of illness by caregivers—most commonly the mother—leading to unnecessary medical interventions and potenti...
Background: Metabolic bone disease (MBD) of prematurity predisposes extremely preterm and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants to atraumatic fractures. Evidence on fracture reduction after structured Bone Health Programs (BHPs) remains limited....
Background/Objectives: The incidence of late-onset sepsis (LOS) has increased with improved survival rates in premature infants. Blood culture, the diagnostic “gold standard”, requires at least 36–72 h for results, leading to empiri...
Background: Postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a potentially life-threatening arrhythmia that may occur after congenital heart surgery, especially following tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair. It can cause hemodynamic instability due...
Introduction: Idiopathic gynecomastia is a common diagnosis among adolescents. Closed-suction drain placement after breast resection is traditionally performed to prevent complications such as seroma or hematoma, although its effectiveness remains co...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral problem in children. Multiple risk factors, including prenatal substance exposure, have been associated with this disorder. Objectives: We determined (1) the rate of ADHD i...
Background/Objectives: Adolescence is a developmental stage marked by profound transformations and heightened vulnerability to mental health difficulties, with peer relationships playing a central role, as they provide both protective and risk factor...
Background/objectives: Speech sound disorder (SSD) and developmental language disorder (DLD) are common childhood disorders of communication that can also co-occur. This study investigated the reported content, format and delivery of UK speech and la...
Background: Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) in children are increasingly complicated by antimicrobial resistance, leading to limited treatment options and challenging prophylactic management. Continuous local monitoring of resistance trend...
Background: Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a frequent comorbidity in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). While insulin secretion defects are the primary mechanism in CFRD pathophysiology, insulin resistance may contribute as an additio...
Introduction: Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC) is a common pediatric gastrointestinal disorder (GI) characterized by persistent difficulty in defecation, with no identifiable underlying cause. Although most patients are successfully treated with...
We read, with great interest, the Letter to the Editor of Drs [...]
Background: MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is the most common form of inherited thrombocytopenia (IT). It is caused by pathogenic variants in the MYH9 gene. It manifests as early-onset macrothrombocytopenia with variable later-onset extra-hematologic...
Background/Objectives: Myopathies are acquired or genetic muscle diseases causing weakness and wasting, leading to poor posture, impaired coordination, reduced daily function, and scoliosis. The objective of this ambispective study was to compare cli...
Background/Objectives: Introduction: Food selectivity is highly prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is associated with sensory hypersensitivity, particularly in oral, olfactory, and tactile domains. Although international ev...
Background/Objectives: Phytotherapy, the use of plant-derived bioactive compounds for therapeutic purposes, has gained increasing attention in dentistry as a natural, well-tolerated, and culturally acceptable adjunct to conventional treatments. In pe...
Background: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in brain development and function, especially in early life. Disruptions in the pediatric microbiota–gut–brain axis have been linked to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. We h...
Background/Objectives: Children with neurological impairments, especially those who are non-ambulatory, may require additional care services beyond what is available for the general pediatric population, and tracheostomy may be necessary for addressi...
Background/Objectives: Headache attributed to rhinosinusitis (HRS) is uncommon in children but often misdiagnosed as migraine or tension-type headache (TTH). Overlapping phenotypes, incidental sinus findings on neuroimaging, and limited communication...
Background/Objectives: The Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) was developed to stage the obesity in adult populations. Subsequently, this staging system was designed for pediatric populations (EOSS-P). This study aimed to describe obesity severit...
Objective: To compare the efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and the Frey procedure in the treatment of pediatric pancreatic duct stones (PDS). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 65 pediatric patients tr...
Background: Pediatric hard-to-heal wounds are rare but clinically demanding due to skin immaturity, comorbidities, and infection risk. Methods: This prospective case series evaluated the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of an injectable hya...
Background: Childhood obesity is a growing global concern associated with early-onset orthopedic complications that may persist into adulthood. Among the anthropometric indicators, abdominal adiposity plays a key role in assessing health risks during...
Background/Objectives: Flexible symptomatic flat foot in children can be surgically treated with calcaneus stop screws. This raises the question of whether pre- and postoperative radiographs (X-ray) can be analyzed in two planes using AI. Methods: In...
Background/Objectives: This randomized, single-blinded trial compared the effects of Kinesio taping (KT) and rigid taping (RT) on gross motor function, balance, and functional capacity in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). Methods: Fifty-...
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of bacteria in the small intestine, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms and nutritional deficiencies. Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS), resulting from extensive sur...
Introduction: Blood gas analysis is utilized to assess parameters of oxygenation and ventilation, including acid–base status [pH value, base excess (BE) or base deficit (BD), and bicarbonate (HCO3)], to evaluate systemic metabolism status. Acid...
Background/Objectives: In Ontario, approximately 8% (11,000) of infants are born preterm (22–<37 weeks gestation) each year. Many of these infants are cared for in a Level II Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Family Integrated Care (FICar...
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased sedentary behavior in children, raising concerns about posture and spinal health. This study compared standardized measures of sitting spinal alignment in two independent cohorts as...
Neonatal purpura fulminans is a rare and challenging diagnosis due to its resemblance to other necrotizing skin conditions and the immature coagulation system in newborns. Early multidisciplinary intervention is key. We present the case of an extreme...
Background/Aim: Social networks have transformed the traditional dynamics of identity construction in adolescence, allowing users to select content and interact with others who share similar views, thereby reinforcing a sense of belonging to homogene...
Background: Previous longitudinal evidence suggested that screen exposure at age 4 was associated with dysregulation symptoms and lower academic achievement up to age 8. Yet, it remains unclear whether these effects persist in preadolescence and exte...
Background: TCF20-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (TCF20-NDD) is a heterogeneous clinical condition resulting from defects in gene-encoding Transcription Factor 20, which plays a key role in neuronal development and synaptic function. Her...
Pediatric sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with outcomes dependent on timely recognition and rigorous management. As clinical management of pediatric sepsis depends on early recognition and initial therapeutic steps, targ...
Background: Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is the most prevalent enzymatic defect of the glycolytic pathway, causing chronic congenital non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. Clinical severity ranges from mild anemia to transfusion-dependent diseases. S...
Background/Objectives: Interprofessional training wards (ITWs) are effective in fostering interprofessional collaboration during undergraduate medical training. Ensuring safety is particularly crucial for vulnerable patient groups. We developed a saf...
Background/Objectives: The effect of nutritional status on the prognosis of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), a hereditary autoinflammatory illness, is unclear. This research aims to investigate whether nutritional status indicators, such as the Co...
Background: Preconception care (PCC) is a key element of preventive reproductive health, aiming to optimise maternal and child outcomes by addressing biomedical, behavioural, psychosocial, and genetic risks before conception. International frameworks...
Background: Stress has devastating consequences for adolescents’ physical and mental health. Therefore, having the tools to accurately measure it is of critical importance. This paper seeks to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Gr...
In the original publication [...]
Background: Anxiety disorders are common in childhood, yet access to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is often limited. Internet-delivered CBT (iCBT) can help overcome these barriers, but evidence in younger children remains scarce. This pilot stud...
Background/Objectives: The Adolescent and Adult Coordination Questionnaire (AAC-Q) is a brief self-report tool developed to assess daily performance difficulties related to Criterion B of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) across adolescence a...
Background/Objectives: The optimal timing for orthodontic treatment in pediatric patients with malocclusion, particularly Class II discrepancies, remains a topic of ongoing clinical debate. Early treatment during the mixed dentition stage harnesses c...
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to describe how adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) perceive their diagnosis identity and examine its correlation with executive functions (EFs), self-management abilities, and qual...
Background/Objectives: Undescended testis (UT) is a common congenital urological condition in boys, with an incidence of 2–8%. Orchiopexy is the recommended surgical treatment for UT, ideally performed before 12 months of age, with a latest win...
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also named ‘mucopolysaccharides’, are nodal constituents of the connective tissue matrix which go through synthesis, demolition, and reconstruction within several cellular structures: an abnormal GAG catabolism...
Background/Objectives: This narrative review examines how developmentally appropriate safety and health education interventions in early childhood settings impact the incidence and severity of pediatric conditions requiring neurosurgical intervention...
Background/Objectives: Closed-loop automated oxygen control (CLAC) systems improve compliance with oxygen saturation targets and other outcomes in preterm ventilated infants. This narrative review aimed to explore the efficacy of CLAC systems in pret...
Background/Objectives: The optimal rate of enteral feeding advancement in preterm infants remains uncertain despite decades of clinical research. This uncertainty arises from concerns that rapid feeding progression may increase the risk of feeding in...
of 4
