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Children
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Advances in Pediatric Surgery: Innovative Approaches and Emerging Technologies
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Advances in Pediatric Surgery: Innovative Approaches and Emerging Technologies

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 23 October 2025 | Viewed by 1689

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Donatella Di Fabrizio

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Guest Editor
Pediatric Surgery Unit, Salesi Children’s Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 16, 60123 Ancona, Italy
Interests: minimally invasive surgery; robotic surgery; neonatal surgery; pediatric oncologic surgery
Dr. Edoardo Bindi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences (DISCO), Marche Polytechnic University, Pediatric Surgery Unit Salesi Children’s Hospital, 60121 Ancona, AN, Italy
Interests: minimally invasive surgery; thoracic surgery; pediatric urology; robot-assisted surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Giovanni Cobellis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Politecnica of Marche, Ospedale Pediatrico G. Salesi, AOU delle Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 11, 60123 Ancona, AN, Italy
Interests: pediatric surgery; laparoscopic surgery; robot-assisted surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the Guest Editor of this Special Issue, entitled “Advances in Pediatric Surgery: Innovative Approaches and Emerging Technologies”, I am pleased to invite you to submit your work to the journal Children.

Pediatric surgery has undergone remarkable advancements in recent years, driven by the continuous evolution of minimally invasive techniques, robotics, artificial intelligence, and imaging technologies. These innovations are transforming the surgical management of complex conditions, enabling greater precision, reducing morbidity, and improving long-term outcomes. As technology continues to expand the frontiers of pediatric surgical care, it is essential to explore its applications, benefits, and challenges to enhance patient outcomes.

This Special Issue aims to serve as a platform for cutting-edge research in pediatric surgery, showcasing novel approaches and technological breakthroughs that are shaping the future of the field. We welcome contributions that explore innovative surgical techniques, emerging technologies, and their clinical applications. Topics of interest include minimally invasive and robotic-assisted surgery, AI-driven surgical decision-making, fluorescence-guided imaging, 3D printing for preoperative planning, augmented reality in surgery, and advancements across all fields of pediatric surgery.

We encourage the submission of original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical studies that contribute to the advancement of pediatric surgical care.

Dr. Donatella Di Fabrizio
Dr. Edoardo Bindi
Prof. Dr. Giovanni Cobellis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric surgery innovations
  • minimally invasive surgery
  • robotic-assisted surgery
  • artificial intelligence in surgery
  • 3D printing in surgical planning
  • fluorescence-guided imaging
  • augmented reality in surgery
  • smart surgical technologies

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1344 KB  
Article
Bleomycin Electrosclerotherapy for Peripheral Low-Flow Venous and Lymphatic Malformations in Children: A Monocentric Case Series
by Edoardo Guida, Alessandro Boscarelli, Zeljko Zovko, Matea Peric-Anicic, Marianna Iaquinto, Maria-Grazia Scarpa, Sonia Maita, Damiana Olenik, Daniela Codrich and Jürgen Schleef
Children 2025, 12(9), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12091167 - 1 Sep 2025
Viewed by 386
Abstract
Background: Vascular malformations are relatively common in children. Current therapeutic strategies include observation, medical therapy, sclerotherapy or embolization, laser therapy, cryoablation, and surgery, depending on the type and anatomical location of the malformation. Surgery is commonly limited to small and/or circumscribed lesions, to [...] Read more.
Background: Vascular malformations are relatively common in children. Current therapeutic strategies include observation, medical therapy, sclerotherapy or embolization, laser therapy, cryoablation, and surgery, depending on the type and anatomical location of the malformation. Surgery is commonly limited to small and/or circumscribed lesions, to debulking in case of large volumes, or in drug-resistant cases. Sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive treatment generally used to treat dysplastic vasculature and to significantly improve patients’ symptoms. Herein, we describe our preliminary experience with bleomycin electrosclerotherapy (BEST) in the treatment of peripheral low-flow venous and lymphatic malformations in the pediatric population. Methods: We prospectively collected and analyzed data from patients who underwent BEST for peripheral low-flow vascular malformations (venous and lymphatic) and were treated at our institution from May 2022 onward. Results: Twelve patients (4 boys and 8 girls) with peripheral low-flow vascular malformations who underwent BEST were enrolled in this preliminary study. The median patient age at the first procedure was 81 months (IQR = 46–128). The most frequent anomaly was peripheral low-flow venous malformation. No relevant postoperative complications were encountered in any of the patients. All patients underwent a clinical evaluation of the malformation 1 month after the procedure. A clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the malformation was performed 2 months after the procedure to determine whether to repeat BEST. In cases of clinical resolution, a second ultrasonographic evaluation was performed 6 months after the procedure. Conclusions: BEST appears to be a promising and safe option for treating peripheral low-flow vascular malformations in children. Further studies with a greater number of patients and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm our preliminary experience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Surgery: Innovative Approaches and Emerging Technologies)
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12 pages, 3647 KB  
Article
Impact of Intracystic Hemorrhage on Therapeutic Outcomes in Macro/Mixed Cystic Lymphatic Malformation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
by Tao Han, Daolin Ye, Jie Cui, Songming Huang and Weimin Shen
Children 2025, 12(7), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12070935 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 344
Abstract
Objectives: This research aims to examine the impact of intracystic hemorrhage (ICH) on therapeutic outcomes in children with macro or mixed cystic lymphatic malformation (cLM). Methods: This retrospective study included macro/mixed cLM cases with or without ICH who underwent treatment between [...] Read more.
Objectives: This research aims to examine the impact of intracystic hemorrhage (ICH) on therapeutic outcomes in children with macro or mixed cystic lymphatic malformation (cLM). Methods: This retrospective study included macro/mixed cLM cases with or without ICH who underwent treatment between January 2019 and June 2024. All patients were diagnosed using preoperative imaging findings and intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography. The baseline data of enrolled cases were retrospectively collected. The clinical characteristics were documented, including gender, age, histological typing, location, maximum diameter, and intracystic condition. Patients with or without ICH were divided into two groups. The dependent variables for predicting an excellent outcome were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models after adjusting for potential factors using a univariable regression model. Postoperative variables, including duration of negative drainage, local infection, scar hyperplasia, and follow-up, were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 83 cLM patients were included (ICH group: n = 36 and without ICH group: n = 47). A complete absence of afferent lymphatic vessels was demonstrated using intraoperative ICG lymphography, suggesting the isolated nature of ICH cases. ICH (p = 031; OR, 2.560; 95% CI, 1.089–6.020) was identified as the main predictor, and younger patients (p = 035; OR, 0.415; 95% CI, 0.183–0.940) had a lower potential for excellent outcomes. For the postoperative variables, the ICH group exhibited a shorter duration of negative drainage than the without ICH group (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were found regarding local infection (p = 0.693) and scar hypertrophy (p = 0.648). Conclusions: Although characterized by aggressive progression and compressive symptoms, ICH emerges as an independent favorable prognostic predictor in macro/mixed cLM management, potentially attributable to its isolated nature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Surgery: Innovative Approaches and Emerging Technologies)
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Review

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32 pages, 3916 KB  
Review
Advances in Fluorescent Adjuncts in Pediatric Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Applications of Indocyanine Green Across Surgical Specialties
by Nicholas Jose Iglesias, Andres Mauricio Corona, Akshat Sanan, Eduardo Alfonso Perez and Carlos Theodore Huerta
Children 2025, 12(8), 1048; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12081048 - 9 Aug 2025
Viewed by 662
Abstract
Introduction: Indocyanine green (ICG) dye is used in a myriad of medical and surgical applications and complications related to its use are exceedingly rare. ICG fluorescence can be detected in unique locations depending on route, dosage, and timing. Although ICG fluorescence is used [...] Read more.
Introduction: Indocyanine green (ICG) dye is used in a myriad of medical and surgical applications and complications related to its use are exceedingly rare. ICG fluorescence can be detected in unique locations depending on route, dosage, and timing. Although ICG fluorescence is used more commonly in the adult population, its adoption in pediatric surgery has been increasing more frequently. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the myriad of ICG surgical applications within the pediatric population and important clinical considerations for administration. Methods: PubMed was queried for pediatric surgical applications of indocyanine green. Surgical application, route of administration, dosage, ICG-related complications, and surgical impact of ICG fluorescence were analyzed. Results: In the pediatric population, ICG is used in a multitude of hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, cardiothoracic, lymphatic, urologic, gynecologic, plastic, ENT, ophthalmologic, and neurosurgical procedures. Applications range from oncologic resections to benign and congenital reconstructions. Administration can be intravenous, intralesional, subcutaneous, inhaled, or enteric. Timing, dosage, and route of administration are dependent on the pathology of interest. Conclusions: ICG is a safe and useful adjunct for a wide variety of pediatric surgical applications. This comprehensive review aims to highlight administration considerations and the efficacy of ICG fluorescence in various surgical subspecialty pathologies. Future studies should continue to focus on how to integrate pathology-specific ICG fluorescence into intraoperative decision-making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Surgery: Innovative Approaches and Emerging Technologies)
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