Applied Sciences, Volume 10, Issue 12

Root canal treatment of mandibular incisor is difficult because of the narrow pulp space and apical curvature. The aim of this study was to measure the anatomical indicators of the mandibular incisors in Koreans using micro-computed tomography (MCT)...

Embedding words from a dictionary as vectors in a space has become an active research field, due to its many uses in several natural language processing applications. Distances between the vectors should reflect the relatedness between the correspond...

This work designed and implemented a new low-cost, Internet of Things-oriented, wireless smart sensor prototype to measure mechanical strain. The research effort explores the use of smart materials as transducers, e.g., a magnetorheological elastomer...

This editorial manuscript reviews the papers accepted for publication in the Special Issue “DC & Hybrid Microgrids” of Applied Sciences. This Special Issue, co-organized by the University of Pisa, Italy and Østfold University C...

In this work, we have compared several configurations of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors based on D-shaped tapered plastic optical fibers (TPOFs). Particularly, the TPOFs used to obtain the SPR sensors are made by a lab-built system based on...

An adequate simulation model has been used for the calculation of angular and energy distributions of electrons, protons, and photons emitted during a high-power laser, 5-µm thick Ag target interaction. Their energy spectra and fluencies have b...

This work presents a new multilayered microfluidic platform, manufactured using a rapid and cost-effective xurography technique, for the detection of drug concentrations in sweat. Textile fabrics made of cotton and polyester were used as a component...

Fractured imaging is an important target for oil and gas exploration, as these images are heterogeneous and have contain low-impedance contrast, which indicate the complexity in a geological structure. These small-scale discontinuities, such as fract...

The simultaneous use of crude glycerol and effluent from anaerobic digestate, both wastes derived from the biofuel industry, were tested in the frame of circular economy concept, as potential low-cost nutrient sources for the cultivation of rich in d...

Channel estimation is a formidable challenge in mmWave Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems due to the large number of antennas. Therefore, compressed sensing (CS) techniques are used to exploit channel sparsity at mmWave frequencies to calc...

Composite structures have become increasingly popular in civil engineering due to many advantages, such as light weight, excellent corrosion resistance and high productivity. However, they still lack the strength, stiffness, and convenience of constr...

We demonstrated an efficient system for multifocal structured illumination microscopy (MSIM) utilizing a spatial light modulator (SLM). Nine phase profiles of chessboard phase plates loaded on the SLM in sequence are used to generate nine multifocal...

In the past decade, the 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been extensively used in the investigation and monitoring of geotechnical engineering and environment engineering, but there are many uncertainties hidden behind its vivid color e...

Retinex theory represents the human visual system by showing the relative reflectance of an object under various illumination conditions. A feature of this human visual system is color constancy, and the Retinex theory is designed in consideration of...

The use of fully grouted passive bolts as a reinforcement technique has been widely applied to improve the stability of tunnels. To analyze the behaviors of passive bolts and rock mass in a deep circular tunnel, a new semi-analytical solution is pres...

As one of the long period gear errors, the effects of random cumulative pitch deviations on mesh excitations and vibration responses of a helical geared rotor system (HGRS) are investigated. The long-period mesh stiffness (LPMS), static transmission...

The use of mechanic waves for assessing structural integrity is a well-known non-destructive technique (NDT). The ultrasound applied in the guided wave in particular requires significant effort in order to understand the complexities of the propagati...

The world population is growing at a very high rate, which also entails a massive increase in energy consumption, and also, therefore, in its production, which is gradually and steadily increasing. Energy and the environment are essential to achievin...

The infrared absorption spectrum of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMI–TfO) was investigated at ambient pressure and variable temperatures between 120 and 330 K, or at room temperature and variable pressures up to 10 GPa...

An improved strain-transfer model was developed for surface-bonded sapphire-derived fiber Bragg grating sensors. In the model, the core and cladding of the fiber are separated into individual layers, unlike in conventional treatment that regards the...

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have caught people’s attention in recent years, not only from an academic or developmental viewpoint but also because of the wide range of applications that these vehicles may entail, such as intelligent mobility and l...

In this paper, prior to the commercialization of a developed active steering bogie, we want to analyze steering performance experimentally according to steering angle level with the aim of obtaining steering performance data to derive practical desig...

Reliable and high-fidelity virtual ruin scenarios for collapsed buildings are essential for post-earthquake emergency search and rescue training. However, the existing research on the distribution of ruins caused by building collapse is insufficient...

This study addresses the handover management issue for Device-to-Device communication in fifth-generation (5G) networks. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) drafted a standard for proximity services (ProSe), also named device-to-device (D...

High pressure injection systems have essential roles in realizing highly controllable fuel injections in internal combustion engines. The primary atomization processes in the near field of the spray, and even inside the injector, determine the subseq...

The crossing area is a vulnerable component of the interchange high-speed railway tunnel because of the high-static stress level and the long-term dynamic train load in the operation period. Although attention has been paid to this problem, the respo...

Human action recognition has gathered significant attention in recent years due to its high demand in various application domains. In this work, we propose a novel codebook generation and hybrid encoding scheme for classification of action videos. Th...

There are several ways of using three-dimensional printing techniques in the construction industry. One method that seems quite feasible is the concreting of walls and structural components starting at the bottom and progressing up in layers accordin...

The regularities of the processes and characteristics of convection in a sessile drop on a hot wall after the second drop fall are investigated experimentally. The movement of a particle on a drop surface under the action of capillary force and liqui...

Superpixels intuitively over-segment an image into small compact regions with homogeneity. Owing to its outstanding performance on region description, superpixels have been widely used in various computer vision tasks as the substitution for pixels....

This study presents a simulation model, optimization strategy and the experimental validation of a solenoid electromagnetic actuator that is widely used in industry components, especially in pneumatic/hydraulic valves. In the preliminary design, a tw...

Microwave performance extraction of optically-controlled squared frequency-selective surface (FSS) structures printed on highly resistive (HR) silicon substrate are presented, from a innovative bistatic microwave photonic characterization technique o...

Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) is a deciduous shrub tree widely distributed in Asia and Southern Europe and grown as ornamental species. It is locally used for human consumption, as relevant medical value is attributed to the berries. Info...

In recent years, the digital transformation has been advancing in industrial companies, supported by the Key Enabling Technologies (Big Data, IoT, etc.) of Industry 4.0. As a consequence, companies have large volumes of data and information that must...

The lowland savannas of Belize are important areas to conserve for their biodiversity. This study takes place in Payne’s Creek National Park (PCNP) in the southern coastal plain of Belize. PCNP protects diverse terrestrial and coastal ecosystem...

The study examined the effect of noninvasive crown retrieval/reuse process using an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Er:YAG). Twenty-six extracted human teeth were prepared for a crown. The crown was milled using lithium disilicate (LD) an...

Freeform surface is one of the research focuses in the measurement field. A composite module is composed of a plane and rotating paraboloid. The composite module array can identify 21 geometric errors of the machine tool in a wide range, which is com...

Although calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitation plays an important role in nature, its mechanism remains only partially understood. Further understanding the atomic driving force behind the CaCO₃ precipitation could be key to facilitate the capture,...

The safety diagnostic inspection of large plate structures, such as nuclear power plant containment liner plates and aircraft wings, is an important issue directly related to the safety of life. This research intends to present a more quantitative de...

The cloud computing paradigm has the ability to adapt to new technologies and provide consistent cloud services. These features have led to the widespread use of the paradigm, making it necessary for the underlying computer infrastructure to cope wit...

The use of graphene nanoplatelets for several purposes such as barrier properties and structural health monitoring is widely studied in polymer-based coating technology. Nevertheless, their extremely good effect on wear resistance makes them particul...

In general, the demand for delivery cannot be fulfilled efficiently due to the excessive traffic in dense urban areas. Therefore, many innovative concepts for intelligent transportation of freight have recently been developed. One of these concepts r...

A terahertz (THz) thermal sensor has been developed by using a periodically corrugated gold waveguide. A defect was positioned in the middle of this waveguide. The periodicities of waveguides can result in Bragg and non-Bragg gaps with identical and...

The efficacy of hysteretic dampers can be formulated as the number or equivalent inelastic cycles, or the ratio of normalised dissipated energy to displacement ductility. This parameter is used in the design of framed structures with supplemental dam...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive condition, representing one of the most frequent reasons for medical examination, especially in pediatric gastroenterology departments. GERD could be associated with biochemical alterations...

Railway safety is a matter of importance as a single failure can involve risks associated with economic and human losses. The early fault detection in railway axles and other railway parts represents a broad field of research that is currently under...

The prevalence of white spots on teeth has increased in recent years. Regardless of their etiology, these lesions are characterized by a reduction in the enamel’s mineral phase, which is replaced by organic fluids. This causes an alteration of...

Diffusive surfaces are considered as one of the most challenging aspects to deal with in the acoustic design of concert halls. However, the acoustic effects that these surface locations have on the objective acoustic parameters and on sound perceptio...

The complex wave structure of annular gas–liquid flow with disturbance waves and liquid entrainment is a result of the evolution of high-frequency initial waves, appearing at the very inlet of the flow, prior to the hydrodynamic stabilization o...

The concept of a sustainable environment generally refers to the development that creates a balance between the resources consumption pattern and the rate of depletion of natural resources. For determining the level of sustainability of any project,...