Geosciences, Volume 15, Issue 8

The rock cycle, a cornerstone of geosciences, describes rock formation and transformation on Earth. However, this Earth-centric view overlooks the broader history of rock evolution across the cosmos, with two fundamental limitations: (i) Earth-centri...

This study investigates the internal structure and lithologic variability of slope deposits in a small catchment in the Polish Outer Carpathians using pedological methods supported by geochemical analyses and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)....

We have developed a generalisable machine learning framework for reservoir quality prediction in deeply buried clastic systems. Applied to the Lower Jurassic deltaic sandstones of the Tilje Formation (Halten Terrace, North Sea), the approach integrat...

Wind-blown sand concentrations decay rapidly and in an orderly manner with height above the surface. The saltation flux profiles are of interest to understand wind and sand interactions and for fundamental measurement and modeling of associated trans...

The Nam Phong Formation, a key unit of the pre-Khorat Group in the western Khorat Plateau, provides critical insights into the Mesozoic geological evolution of northeastern Thailand. This study presents the first integrated petrographic and geochemic...

Water masses are continuously redistributing across the Earth, so accurately estimating their availability is essential. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) have demonstrated potential for observing vertical deformations, which is partly driv...

This paper investigates the combined application of seismic inversion and migration for processing seismic data in the depth domain. Seismic inversion serves as a widely used practical tool allowing the derivation of detailed subsurface models from s...

The evolution of mining-induced overburden fractures (MIOFs) and their dynamic monitoring are critical for preventing roof water hazards and gas disasters in coal mines. Conventional methods often fail to provide sufficient accuracy under the thin so...

The recently proposed concept of “precursory fingerprint” is a logical consequence of the commonsense statement that seismic structures are unique and that their expected preshock behaviors, including precursory phenomena, are also unique...

Turbidite channels are final conduits for the transfer of terrigenous detritus to the deep-sea depositional systems. Studying their morphology and geometric parameters can provide information on density flow characteristics and sedimentary processes,...

The present paper deals with the combined application of near-surface geophysical techniques in a sustainable agriculture project. Their application is focused on the identification of any subsurface water in the context of sustainable water manageme...

Reliable monitoring of snow cover in mountainous regions remains a challenge due to frequent cloud cover and the revisit limitations of optical satellites. This study compares satellite snow-cover records with >99,000 ground-based time-lapse camer...

The recording of minerals extracted from a deposit is crucial for effective planning, exploitation management, and compliance with legal requirements. It also enables improved workplace safety and the minimization of negative environmental impact. Au...

The dynamic fracture of rocks under impact loads has many engineering applications such as rock blasting. This study reviews the recent achievements of investigating rock dynamic fracturing and its application in rock blasting using computational mec...

The Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada, is ideally situated to contain an archive of tectono-magmatic and climatic events that occurred within the wider Arctic region, including the exhumation of the adjacent (northeastern) part of the Canadian-Greenlandi...

The direct relationship between aerosols and clouds strongly influences the effects of clouds on the global climate. Aerosol particles act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN), affecting cloud formation, microphysics, and precipitat...

As part of the energy transition needed to mitigate global warming, the study and sustainable exploitation of geothermal resources—a largely underutilized form of energy and heat production—is crucial. The availability of subsurface data...

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The western Iberian marine Pliocene represents a key transitional zone between tropical and boreal molluscan faunas. Recent studies at the rediscovered fossil locality of Vale Farpado have yielded 34 bivalve species, distributed among 18 families. Th...

Short-term channel adjustments are a research topic of great relevance in the framework of fluvial geomorphology, but studies on this topic have been quite scarce in Southern Italy, at least since the 2010s, notwithstanding the fact that this area is...

Isotopic investigations focused on determining the mobility and provenance of ancient human civilizations and sourcing of archeological artifacts continue to gain prominence in archeology. Most studies focus on the premise that the geographic variati...

Blast-induced airblast poses a significant environmental and operational issue for surface mining, affecting safety, regulatory adherence, and the well-being of surrounding communities. Despite advancements in machine learning methods for predicting...

This study investigates the subsurface rooting of the Merija anticline in the Missour Basin, Morocco, with a focus on copper mineralization exploration. A sequential geophysical workflow was implemented, combining gravity surveys, electrical resistiv...

Most public seismic recordings, sampled at hundreds of Hz, tend to be unlabelled, i.e., not catalogued, mainly because of the sheer volume of samples and the amount of time needed by experts to confidently label detected events. This is especially ch...

The groundwater inverse problem has several challenges such as instability, non-uniqueness, and complexity, especially for heterogeneous aquifers. Solving the inverse problem is the traditional way to calibrate models, but it is both time-consuming a...

As a typical porous medium, unsaturated loess demonstrates critical hydro-mechanical coupling properties that fundamentally influence geohazard mitigation, groundwater resource evaluation, and foundation stability in geotechnical engineering. This in...

Fissure swarms and dike swarms in Iceland constitute the main parts of volcanic systems that are 40–150 km long, 5–20 km wide, extend to depths of 10–20 km, and contain 2 × 10¹⁴ outcrop-scale (≥0.1 m) and 10^22–23 down...

The Muschelkalk sedimentary cycle in the northwestern region of the Iberian Range (central Spain) lies within a transitional area between the Iberian and Hesperia type Triassic domains. To improve the understanding of its paleopalynological record, f...

The advanced determination of the type (foreshock–aftershock–swarm) of an ongoing seismic cluster is quite challenging; only retrospective solutions have thus far been proposed. In the period of January–March 2025, a seismic cluster...

Natural hydrogen is generated by fairly deep processes and/or in low-permeability rocks. In such contexts, fluids circulate mainly through the network of faults and fractures. However, hydrogen flows from these hydrogen-generating layers can reach se...

Landslide susceptibility modelling represents an efficient approach to enhance disaster management and mitigation strategies. The focus of this paper lies in the development of a landslide susceptibility evaluation in northwestern Tunisia using the A...

We need to educate students and the public about addressing natural resource challenges to maintain civilization moving into a sustainable future. Because US mineral and energy resources are found in its continental crust and sedimentary basins, intr...

The Mid-Piacenzian Warm Interval (MPWI) is marked by warmer temperatures and higher atmospheric CO₂ levels than today, making it an analogue for late-21st-century-warming, whereas the early Pleistocene cooling is more like today. We compare seasonal...

The lithological record of past climates and climate changes reveals significant potential in enhancing education and understanding of global climate changes and their impacts on contemporary societies. A relatively young geological record of Pleisto...

A systematic sensitivity analysis using three-dimensional discrete element models with discrete fracture networks (DEM-DFN) was conducted to evaluate underground excavation support in jointed rock masses at the CLAB2 site in Southeastern Sweden. The...

This article analyzes the operating principle of the BMM sensor emitter in order to improve the accuracy of the wireless determination of the BMM sensor coordinates under a massif of destroyed rock in the context of the problem of determining the shi...

Our understanding of foreland basin subsurface structures relies heavily on seismic reflection data. The seismic profile across the eastern Rioni foreland basin in western Georgia is critical for characterizing its deformation structural style. We ap...

Xi’an, China, has a complex geological environment, with geological hazards seriously hindering urban development and safety. This study analyzed the conditions leading to disaster formation and screened 12 evaluation factors (e.g., slope and s...

This study focuses on developing a climate-flood model to investigate and interpret the relationship and impact of climate on runoff/flooding at a sub-regional scale using multiple linear regression (MLR) with 30 years of hydro-climatic data for the...

Soft data, such as seismic imagery, plays a critical role in subsurface modeling by providing indirect constraints away from hard data locations. However, validating whether subsurface model realizations honor this type of data remains a challenge du...

A multidisciplinary study was conducted to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental evolution of Maladroxia Bay, one of the principal bays of the islet of Sant’Antioco in southwestern Sardinia, over the past eight millennia. As part of an archaeologi...

As a pivotal clean energy source with considerable reserves, geothermal water plays an indispensable role in diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and accomplishing carbon neutrality. This study employed conventional electrical prospecting and radon g...

The Hida Belt in central Japan is a key geological unit for understanding the crustal growth of the Eurasian continent in the Mesozoic. However, while previous studies have focused primarily on geochronology, the geochemical characteristics of its ro...

Stable isotope analysis has become a key tool in paleontology, providing insights into ancient diets, ecosystems, climates, and environmental shifts. Despite the growing importance of isotopic studies in South America, no comprehensive bibliometric r...

Radon anomalies have long been explored as potential geochemical precursors to seismic activity due to their responsiveness to subsurface stress variations. However, before this study, the scientific progression of this research domain had not been s...

The present paper deals with an inhabited, creeping mountainous landmass with profound surface deformation that affects the local community. The scope of the paper is to gather surficial and subsurface information in order to understand the parameter...

The Paratethyan South Caspian and Mediterranean Levant basins relate to the significant hydrocarbon provinces of Eurasia. The giant hydrocarbon reserves of the SCB are well-known. Within the LB, so far, only a few commercial gas fields have been foun...

In this study, we examined the microclimates at eight entrances to a karst system distributed between an elevation of 812 and 906 m in Southern Spain. The karst system, characterised by subvertical open tectonic joints that form narrow shafts, develo...

Accurate reservoir inflow forecasting is vital for effective water resource management. Reliable forecasts enable operators to optimize storage and release strategies to meet competing sectoral demands—such as water supply, irrigation, and hydr...

The estimation of runout distances for long return period avalanches is vital in zoning schemes for mountainous countries. There are two broad methods to estimate snow avalanche runout distance. One involves the use of a physical model to calculate s...