2026 September-2 - 185 articles
Background: Lifestyle modification is central to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management, but adherence is difficult to assess in routine care. We developed a pragmatic Lifestyle Compliance Index (LCI) from routinely collected behavioral variables...
Sjögren’s disease (SD) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with an increased risk of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), particularly in the parotid glands. However, distinguishing...
Background: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a neurotrophic cytokine involved in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and retinal ganglion cell health, and it correlates with different stages of cognitive impairment. Mild cognitive impairment...
Background/Objectives: Lip-closing strength (LCS) is an objective measure of perioral muscle function, yet its associations with sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns and mouth-breathing screening status in school-aged children have not been well c...
Background and Clinical Significance: Monckeberg’s medial sclerosis (MMS) is characterized by the calcification of the tunica media within the arterial wall, resulting in increased arterial stiffness. MMS typically affects the arteries of the l...
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted automatic fetal measurements during ultrasound evaluation have become a major subject of interest. Most publications include systems developed and tested for a single anatomical component....
Background/Objectives: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections range from localized pocket infection to systemic disease. This study evaluated clinical, laboratory, microbiological, and imaging findings associated with the final class...
Background/Objectives: To compare the lesion detection rates of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery with fat saturation (FLAIR-FS) versus T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery (T2WI-STIR) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) in dete...
Background/Objectives: Noninvasive imaging of the skin in the assessment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a promising field of research. Ultrasound stands out because of its ease of use, low price point and versatility. Ex vivo ultrasound can be used...
The field of Interventional Radiology (IR) is constantly evolving, driven by the application of modern technologies by physicians who are committed to expanding the boundaries of this fascinating medical branch [...]
Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, making early identification of individuals at elevated cardiovascular risk essential for preventing major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Retinal fu...
Introduction: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) interpreted using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1 is central to prostate cancer (PCa) assessment, but inter-reader variability remains a concern. This study evaluated inter-reader ag...
Background/Objectives: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) risk tools do not jointly capture right ventricular adaptation, systemic oxygen balance, and nutritional reserve. We developed the three-component CORE-PH score and assessed its association...
Background/Objectives: The estimation of age in skeletal remains is particularly challenging in adults due to the reduction in reliable morphological indicators with age. One valuable marker for this purpose is root translucency, either alone or in c...
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in radiology, prompting the development of reporting guidelines, checklists, position statements, and evaluation frameworks. This systematic review aimed to identify and characterize...
Acute stroke requires rapid diagnostic classification and prognostic assessment, yet clinical examination and neuroimaging do not fully characterize cerebral injury. This narrative review evaluated the diagnostic, prognostic, and pathophysiological r...
Background and Objectives: Cameron lesions are linear gastric erosions or ulcers that develop at the level of the diaphragmatic constriction within a hiatal hernia. They represent an underrecognized cause of chronic iron-deficiency anemia and upper g...
Background: Superficial cervical lymphadenopathy frequently requires tissue sampling because infectious, inflammatory, and malignant diseases often share overlapping clinical and radiological features. Although ultrasound-guided sampling of superfici...
Modern clinical diagnostics require highly sensitive, rapid, and technologically simple methods for quantitatively determining biomarkers directly at the patient’s bedside. Fluorescence polarization (FP) meets these criteria, as it enables the...
Background/Objectives: To evaluate longitudinal structural and vascular changes in the posterior segment following gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: This retrospective observational...
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the clustering of central adiposity, elevated blood pressure, dysglycemia, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Machine learning models for metabolic syndrome may show inflated performance when predi...
Background: Differentiating psoriasis from psoriasiform dermatitis can be challenging due to overlapping clinical and morphological features, especially in certain areas, such as the palms, soles and scalp. While the distinct roles of the Th17 and Th...
Background/Objectives: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) provides quasi-three-dimensional breast imaging, but volumetric segmentation model development is constrained by limited expert-annotated clinical data. This proof-of-concept study evaluated t...
Background: Deep-learning artificial intelligence (AI) for mammographic screening moved from proof of concept to randomised evaluation in a single decade. We reviewed and meta-analysed its diagnostic accuracy and its effect on screening programmes, c...
Background/Objectives: To assess associations between quantitative computed tomography (CT) features, inflammatory markers, and length of hospital stay (LOS) in acute pyelonephritis (APN). Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 82 p...
A previously healthy 23-year-old woman presented with acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloody mucoid stool following raw beef consumption, with a fever of 37.8 °C. On admission, her vital signs were unremarkable. Blood tests revealed elevated...
Background/Objectives: Orbital defect size is widely used as a surrogate for fracture severity, yet a larger bony opening and direct injury to the extraocular apparatus are not the same. We tested whether defect magnitude provides comparable informat...
Background/Objectives: Prior NordBord studies have documented eccentric knee-flexor asymmetry during the first postoperative year and at later follow-up after hamstring-autograft ACLR. This study directly compared relative and Newton-based eccentric...
Background: Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa through outer membrane proteins (OMPs), particularly the adhesins BabA and BabB, which recognize host blood group antigens and mediate bacterial attachment and persistent coloniz...
Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and sleep-related bruxism affect up to 40% and 31% of adults, respectively, and their management relies on accurate diagnostic assessment of the dental arch—including tooth identificatio...
Background/Objectives: Lightweight detectors are attractive for high-throughput low-dose CT lung-cancer screening, yet the training-time choices governing their accuracy are usually fixed without justification, as is the protocol used to evaluate the...
Background/Objectives: Distinguishing active from quiescent Behçet’s disease (BD) is difficult because conventional acute-phase reactants perform inconsistently. C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) are adiponectin paralogues; several member...
Background: Intracranial arterial calcification (IAC), commonly detected on CT/CTA during ischemic stroke work-up, may reflect atherosclerotic burden relevant to recurrence. We evaluated whether CTA-detected IAC was associated with subsequent ischemi...
Background/Objectives: In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the prognostic value of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) depends on the immunohistochemical threshold applied. We asked whether tumor-cell PD-L1 adds prognostic information beyond the...
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the concordance of preoperative digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)- and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured tumor size with the pathological gold standard in invasive breast cancer and how thi...
Objective: To evaluate the ability of a physiologically derived post-trigger delay (PTD) model to predict pulmonary arterial peak enhancement timing using human dynamic CT perfusion data and to compare physiologically derived PTD estimates with commo...
Background and Clinical Significance: The widespread use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has led to an increasing number of pocket-related complications. While early hematoma and infection are common, late-onset non-infective cystic...
Background/Objectives: Because donor-heart availability remains limited, adequate selection of candidates for heart transplantation (HTX) is essential for post-transplant success. Differences in the underlying etiology leading to HTX may play a relev...
Background/Objective: Large language models (LLMs) have shown exam-level performance, yet their reliability and safety in laboratory medicine—where quantitative data interpretation is central—remain insufficiently validated. This study co...
Background: Analytical variability in magnesium (Mg) assays is widely recognized, yet distinguishing its impact from intrinsic clinical risk remains under-emphasized in laboratory training. Methods: A routine delta check identified atypical Mg result...
Background/Objectives: Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely overused in low back pain. We assessed the appropriateness of lumbar MRI requests against three international guidelines and two independent large language model (LLM)-based art...
Background/Objectives: Prototype-based few-shot segmentation is validated almost entirely on centimetre-scale abdominal organs; on pulmonary nodules, 70% of which are less than 10 mm in size, accuracy degrades sharply. We seek to determine how much o...
(1) Background: Reference-interval flags read a lipid–glucose panel one analyte at a time. We asked whether a routine five-analyte panel supports reproducible, transportable, auditable descriptive grouping of laboratory profiles. (2) Methods: R...
Background/Objectives: Early detection of cognitive decline is crucial for preventing dementia. Conventional diagnostic approaches, including neuropsychological test batteries, laboratory tests, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, may hav...
Background/Objectives: To compare the visual outcomes between two extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses (EDOF IOLs) in an Asian population. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included patients with senile cataract undergoing catarac...
Abdominal pain is a common presentation in the emergency department (ED). Ultrasound is the first-line diagnostic imaging modality for right upper quadrant pain. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a focused examination that can be performed at the p...
Background: Objective refraction plays an increasingly important role in paediatric myopia control. However, evidence regarding its agreement with subjective refraction in children undergoing orthokeratology (OK), particularly under non-cycloplegic c...
Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is preceded by clinically defined syndromes of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which are etiologically heterogeneous and belong to the AD continuum only whe...
Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with gait abnormalities that provide quantitative information on motor function. This study developed and evaluated a signal-to-image deep learning framework for distinguishing parti...
Background: Breast density (BD) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) have long been considered related descriptors of breast tissue composition, yet growing evidence shows that they represent distinct and non-interchangeable physiological dom...
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