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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Advancements in Interventional Radiology Techniques in Vascular and Extravascular Diseases
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Advancements in Interventional Radiology Techniques in Vascular and Extravascular Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 1922

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francesco Giurazza

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale Antonio Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
Interests: embolization; radial; oncology; SIRT; ablation; TACE; venous; stenting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fabio Corvino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale Antonio Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
Interests: embolization; radial; oncology; SIRT; ablation; TACE; venous; stenting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to highlight novelties in the field of Interventional Radiology (IR), focusing on both vascular and extravascular techniques.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in IR, especially in embolization and oncological interventions, which are the primary focal points of this Special Issue.

The role of IR in embolization is growing day by day, both in emergency and elective scenarios. Embolization for bleeding is a part of everyday life for interventional radiologists working in hospitals with emergency departments. Modern technologies involving embolic agents and microcatheters facilitate the safe and effective treatment of a wide range of diseases (aneurysms, AVMs, prostatic hypertrophy, PCS, varicoceles, genicular arthrosis, etc.); in parallel, the radial artery diffusion approach has improved patient comfort and reduced recovery time.

In the field of interventional oncology, the data gathered over the last two decades have demonstrated the role of IR as the “fourth pillar” of oncology; indeed, ablation, chemoembolization, and radioembolization are the tools of choice for interventional radiologists, not forgetting the increasing number of biopsies facilitating more personalized diagnosis and therapy. Today, IR is an integral element in all multidisciplinary team meetings.

In this Special Issue, we welcome contributions on these topics and more in the field of Interventional Radiology.

Dr. Francesco Giurazza
Dr. Fabio Corvino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • embolization
  • radial
  • oncology
  • radioembolization
  • ablation
  • chemoembolization

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 874 KiB  
Article
Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in Percutaneous Liver Ablations: Preliminary Experience on 10 Patients
by Francesco Giurazza, Francesco Coletta, Antonio Tomasello, Fabio Corvino, Silvio Canciello, Claudio Carrubba, Vincenzo Schettini, Francesca Schettino, Romolo Villani and Raffaella Niola
Diagnostics 2025, 15(12), 1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15121495 - 12 Jun 2025
Viewed by 371
Abstract
Objectives: Low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) is a ventilatory strategy with the advantages of minimizing diaphragm movements and reducing hypercapnia and barotrauma risks. This preliminary study aims to report on the safety and effectiveness of LTVV applied during percutaneous US-guided liver ablations of [...] Read more.
Objectives: Low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) is a ventilatory strategy with the advantages of minimizing diaphragm movements and reducing hypercapnia and barotrauma risks. This preliminary study aims to report on the safety and effectiveness of LTVV applied during percutaneous US-guided liver ablations of focal malignancies. Methods: Patients affected by focal liver malignancies treated with percutaneous microwaves ablation were retrospectively included in this single-center analysis. Arterial gas analysis was performed immediately before and after ablation to evaluate the arterial pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), and plasma lactate levels. The primary endpoint of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LTVV during percutaneous liver cancer ablation. The secondary endpoint was to assess the procedural technical success in terms of correct needle probe targeting without the need for repositioning. Results: Ten patients affected by a single liver lesion had been analyzed. The ASA score was three in all patients, with three patients also suffering from COPD. The procedural technical success was 100%: ablations were performed with a single liver puncture without the need for changing access or repositioning the needle. No variations in post-ablation arterial gas analysis requiring anesthesiological management remodulation occurred. Lactate levels remained stable and hemodynamic balance was preserved during all procedures. No switch to standard volume ventilation was required. Conclusions: In this preliminary study, LTVV was a safe and effective anesthesiological protocol in patients treated with percutaneous ablations of liver malignancies, offering an ideal balance between patient safety and percutaneous needle probe positioning precision. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Interventional Radiology Techniques in Vascular and Extravascular Diseases)
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10 pages, 801 KiB  
Article
Ultra-Long-Term CT Angiography Evaluation of Patients Treated with Covered Stents for Visceral Aneurysms: A Single Center Case Series
by Marcello Andrea Tipaldi, Nicolò Ubaldi, Edoardo Ronconi, Michela Ortenzi, Francesco Arbia, Gianluigi Orgera, Miltiadis Krokidis, Tommaso Rossi, Pasqualino Sirignano, Luigi Rizzo and Michele Rossi
Diagnostics 2025, 15(12), 1481; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15121481 - 11 Jun 2025
Viewed by 378
Abstract
Objective: Endovascular repair of visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) and visceral artery pseudoaneurysms (VAPAs) using covered stent grafts is a novel technique that preserves efferent vessel patency and prevents end-organ ischemia; however, long-term results are lacking in the literature. This study aims to evaluate [...] Read more.
Objective: Endovascular repair of visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) and visceral artery pseudoaneurysms (VAPAs) using covered stent grafts is a novel technique that preserves efferent vessel patency and prevents end-organ ischemia; however, long-term results are lacking in the literature. This study aims to evaluate ultra-long-term outcomes (>5 years) using CT angiography (CTA) and technical aspects of covered stents in treating VAAs and VAPAs. Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted on patients with VAAs and VAPAs treated with stent grafts between 2004 and 2023. The study included an ultra-long-term follow-up using CTA. Stent graft patency, aneurysm characteristics, technical success, 30-day and long-term follow-up clinical success, and mortality were assessed. Results: Among 23 patients presenting with VAAs and VAPAs treated exclusively with covered stents implantation, 7 (mean age: 68 years, SD 14), including 5 with VAAs and 2 with VAPAs, met the inclusion criteria for the study. Six of the seven patients underwent elective procedures with no significant periprocedural complications. Both technical and 30-day clinical success rates were 100%. The mean follow-up period was 10 years (125 months SD 53). At the 5-year follow-up, 71% of stent grafts remained patent. No patient experienced aneurysm sac revascularization or rupture. Stent obstruction did not affect survival. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that endovascular covered stenting is a durable and effective treatment for VAAs and VAPAs, even in the ultra-long term, with a patency rate of 71% at a mean CTA follow-up of 125 months, the longest reported to date and no cases of sac revascularization. Stent thrombosis was significantly associated with VAPAs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Interventional Radiology Techniques in Vascular and Extravascular Diseases)
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11 pages, 906 KiB  
Article
Single Angio-Seal™ Device as a Simplified and Technically Feasible Alternative for Tract Closure in Percutaneous Portal Vein Access: A Retrospective Study
by Ismail Karluka and Mustafa Mazıcan
Diagnostics 2025, 15(10), 1266; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101266 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 447
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Angio-Seal™ VIP vascular closure device (VCD) in achieving hemostasis following percutaneous transhepatic portal venous interventions. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 20 patients (mean age: 52.85 ± 16.18 years; 80% male) who [...] Read more.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Angio-Seal™ VIP vascular closure device (VCD) in achieving hemostasis following percutaneous transhepatic portal venous interventions. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 20 patients (mean age: 52.85 ± 16.18 years; 80% male) who underwent percutaneous transhepatic portal vein interventions followed by tract closure with the Angio-Seal™ device between January 2016 and September 2024. Procedural data, pre- and post-procedural hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and complications were analyzed. Technical success was defined as the successful deployment of the device with immediate hemostasis and no evidence of bleeding on post-procedural imaging. Results: Technical success, as defined in this study, was achieved in all 20 procedures (100%). The mean hemoglobin level declined from 11.91 ± 2.01 g/dL to 11.09 ± 2.19 g/dL (p < 0.001), and the mean hematocrit level decreased from 36.18 ± 6.03% to 32.98 ± 5.80% (p = 0.001). A hemoglobin drop ≥2 g/dL occurred in two patients (10%) and a hematocrit drop ≥4% in six patients (30%); none were associated with imaging or clinical evidence of hemorrhage. No major complications were observed. Minor complications, including localized pain managed with analgesics, occurred in five patients (25%). Follow-up imaging confirmed the absence of hemoperitoneum or device-related failure. Conclusions: Angio-Seal™ is a technically feasible, safe, and effective option for tract closure following percutaneous transhepatic portal vein access. This single-device approach may offer a cost-effective alternative to traditional embolization techniques. However, more extensive prospective studies are required to validate these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Interventional Radiology Techniques in Vascular and Extravascular Diseases)
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Review

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9 pages, 1417 KiB  
Review
Pressure Gradient-Driven Embolization b-TACE for HCC: Technical and Diagnostic Step-by-Step Procedural Guide and Literature Review
by Bianca Rocco, David C. Madoff, Fabrizio Basilico, Elio Damato, Paolo Vetri, Valeria Panebianco, Carlo Catalano and Pierleone Lucatelli
Diagnostics 2025, 15(13), 1726; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15131726 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 441
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Transarterial therapies represent an important tool in the management of different clinical scenarios, from a patient with a single nodule to a patient with multinodular disease. Up to 30% [...] Read more.
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Transarterial therapies represent an important tool in the management of different clinical scenarios, from a patient with a single nodule to a patient with multinodular disease. Up to 30% of patients are diagnosed with intermediate-stage HCC, and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) represents the mainstay of treatment. Overall survival in patients with HCC undergoing TACE is strongly influenced by obtaining a sustained complete response, which is strongly affected by the HCC’s dimension. Methods: Pressure gradient-driven embolization, achieved by employing a microballoon catheter in the balloon-occluded TACE (bTACE), represents the most novel innovation in the field of transarterial therapies in the last decade. In fact, bTACE, thanks to its ability to redistribute flow towards tumor territories, can allow higher chemotherapeutic drug concentrations, leading to better oncological performance, especially in patients in which standard TACE struggles to obtain a complete response. Conclusions: This technical and diagnostic intraprocedural step-by-step guide, discussed with a review of the existing literature, will enable readers to achieve an optimal procedure and to convey to their patients the full clinical benefits of these procedures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Interventional Radiology Techniques in Vascular and Extravascular Diseases)
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