Symmetry, Volume 10, Issue 9

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and $R/I$ and $S/J$ be algebras over $k$ . ${\Omega }_1\left(R/I\right)$ and ${\Omega }_1\left(S/J\right)$ denote universal module of first order derivation over $$...

The detection of human emotions has applicability in various domains such as assisted living, health monitoring, domestic appliance control, crowd behavior tracking real time, and emotional security. The paper proposes a new system for emotion classi...

We construct families of ground state representations of the $\mathrm{U}\left(1\right)$ -current net and of the Virasoro nets ${\mathrm{Vir}}_c$ with central charge $c\ge 1$ . We show that these representations are not covariant with respect to the original di...

The development of lateral asymmetries in athletes could have an influence on performance or injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the within-day reliability of the symmetry tests and the performance tests, and explore the relationship bet...

As a generalization of single value neutrosophic rough sets, the concept of multi-granulation neutrosophic rough sets was proposed by Bo et al., and some basic properties of the pessimistic (optimistic) multigranulation neutrosophic rough approximati...

Rough sets provide a useful tool for data preprocessing during data mining. However, many algorithms related to some problems in rough sets, such as attribute reduction, are greedy ones. Matroids propose a good platform for greedy algorithms. Therefo...

The uncertainty and concurrence of randomness are considered when many practical problems are dealt with. To describe the aleatory uncertainty and imprecision in a neutrosophic environment and prevent the obliteration of more data, the concept of the...

Hill’s quadratic orthotropic yield criterion is used for revealing the effect of plastic anisotropy on the distribution of stresses and strains within rotating annular polar orthotropic disks of constant thickness under plane stress. The associ...

This paper investigates the boundary value in the heat conduction problem by a variational iteration method. Applying the iteration method, a sequence of convergent functions is constructed, the limit approximates the exact solution of the heat condu...

Chromatographic interaction between infiltrating solutions of racemic mixtures of enantiomers and enantiomorphic minerals with chiral excess has been proposed as a scenario for the emergence of biomolecular homochirality. Enantiomer separation is sup...

The modeling and control of the multi-rope parallel suspension lifting system (MPSLS) are investigated in the presence of different and spatial distributed tensions; unknown boundary disturbances; and multiple constraints, including time varying geom...

We study a new exactly solvable model of coupling of the Dark Energy and Dark Matter, in the framework of which the kernel of non-gravitational interaction is presented by the integral Volterra-type operator well-known in the classical theory of fadi...

Fixed points of functions have applications in game theory, mathematics, physics, economics and computer science. The purpose of this article is to compute fixed points of a general quadratic polynomial in finite algebras of split quaternion and octo...

Soft set theory is a mathematical tool for handling uncertainty. This paper investigates the limits of the interval type of soft sets ( $it$ -soft sets). The notion of $it$ -soft sets is first introduced. Then, the limits of $it$ -so...

The generalization of Farey graphs and extended Farey graphs all originate from Farey graphs. They are simultaneously scale-free and small-world. A labeling of the vertices for them are proposed here. All of the shortest paths between any two vertice...

Without the design for inherent security, the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is vulnerable to prefix/subprefix hijacks and other attacks. Though many BGP security approaches have been proposed to prevent or detect such attacks, the unsatisfactory cost...

Hypergraph theory is the most developed tool for demonstrating various practical problems in different domains of science and technology. Sometimes, information in a network model is uncertain and vague in nature. In this paper, our main focus is to...

Sound-event classification has emerged as an important field of research in recent years. In particular, investigations using sound data are being conducted in various industrial fields. However, sound-event classification tasks have become more diff...

Parts manufacturers use sudden death testing to reduce the testing time of experiments. The sudden death testing plan in the literature can only be applied when all observations of failure time/parameters are crisp. In practice however, it is noted t...

This article performs the cryptanalysis of an image encryption algorithm using an S-box generated by chaos. The algorithm has the advantages of simple structure, high encryption efficiency, and good encryption performance. However, an attentive inves...

The eye blink rate, a major human physiological response, directly affects ocular diseases, such as keratitis and dry eye syndrome. It has been shown that the eye blink rate in normal eyes has a certain frequency for individuals, from 6–30 time...

Type-2 intuitionistic fuzzy set (T2IFS) is a powerful and important extension of the classical fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set to measure the vagueness and uncertainty. In a practical decision-making process, there always occurs an inter-relation...

To protect the security of vector maps, we propose a novel reversible watermarking scheme for vector maps based on a multilevel histogram modification. First, a difference histogram is constructed using the correlations of adjacent coordinates, and t...

We study and examine the rotational hypersurface and its Gauss map in Euclidean four-space ${\mathbb{E}}^4$ . We calculate the Gauss map, the mean curvature and the Gaussian curvature of the rotational hypersurface and obtain some results. Then, we introdu...

The toxic transformation products of hydrazines are of great concern. These products’ properties combined with their formation mechanisms are needed to assess their potential environmental and human impacts. In this study, the gas-phase reactio...

The goal of this paper is to define the $(p,q)$ -analogue of tangent numbers and polynomials by generalizing the tangent numbers and polynomials and Carlitz-type q-tangent numbers and polynomials. We get some explicit formulas and properties...

Recently, we have proposed models of topological field theory including gravity in Mod. Phys. Lett. A 2016, 31, 1650213 and Phys. Rev. D 2017, 96, 024009, in order to solve the problem of the cosmological constant. The Lagrangian densities of the mod...

As air pollution becomes increasingly severe, express trains play a more important role in shifting road freight and reducing carbon emissions. Thus, the design of railway express shipment service networks has become a key issue, which needs to be ad...

Decision making is the key component of people’s daily life, from choosing a mobile phone to engaging in a war. To model the real world more accurately, probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) were proposed to manage a situation in which sev...

In this paper, a new multi-criteria problem solving method—the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM)—is proposed. The model implies the definition of two groups of constraints that need to satisfy the optimal values of weight coefficients. The...

Reports of lateralized behavior are widespread, although the majority of findings have focused on the visual or motor domains. Less is known about laterality with regards to the social domain. We previously observed a left-side bias in two social aff...

It has long been claimed that the mitochondrial genetic code possesses more symmetries than the Standard Genetic Code (SGC). To test this claim, the symmetrical structure of the SGC is compared with noncanonical genetic codes. We analyzed the symmetr...

Recent studies have postulated that the left and right caudal photoreceptors (CPR-L and CPR-R, respectively) of the crayfish show asymmetry of spontaneous activity in darkness and responses induced by white light. Two photopigments have been identifi...

Traffic prediction is a critical task for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Prediction at intersections is challenging as it involves various participants, such as vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians. In this paper, we propose a novel approac...

Computer vision and deep learning are clearly demonstrating a capability to create engaging cognitive applications and services. However, these applications have been mostly confined to powerful Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) or the cloud due to the...

Recently, there have been many studies on the automatic extraction of facial information using machine learning. Age estimation from frontal face images is becoming important, with various applications. Our proposed work is based on a binary classifi...

The icosahedron and the dodecahedron have the same graph structures as their algebraic conjugates, the great dodecahedron and the great stellated dodecahedron. All four polyhedra are equilateral and have planar faces—thus “EP”&mdash...

In respect to the multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems in which the evaluated value of each attribute is in the form of q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (q-ROFNs), a new approach of MAGDM is developed. Firstly, a new aggregation opera...

There are numerous models for solving the efficiency evaluation in data envelopment analysis (DEA) with fuzzy input and output data. However, because of the limitation of those strategies, they cannot be implemented for solving fully fuzzy DEA (FFDEA...

In the current note, we investigate the mathematical relations among the weighted arithmetic mean–geometric mean (AM–GM) inequality, the Hölder inequality and the weighted power-mean inequality. Meanwhile, the proofs of mathematical...

Under the effect of initial stress and excavation disturbance, there exists interaction between rock mass and rockbolt in deeply buried tunnels. In order to fully explore the mechanism of rock mass supported with rockbolts, this article studied the t...

The absolute ruin insurance risk model is modified by including some valuable market economic information factors, such as credit interest, debit interest and dividend payments. Such information is especially important for insurance companies to cont...

In this paper, we present an application of Wu’s method (differential characteristic set (dchar-set) algorithm) for computing the symmetry of (partial) differential equations (PDEs) that provides a direct and systematic procedure to obtain the...

The integrated services digital broadcasting-terrestrial (ISDB-T) system is designed in order to accommodate high-quality video/audio and multimedia services, using band segmented transmission orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (BST-OFDM) sch...

This paper first merges two noteworthy aspects of choice. On the one hand, soft sets and fuzzy soft sets are popular models that have been largely applied to decision making problems, such as real estate valuation, medical diagnosis (glaucoma, prosta...

Modelling the multimedia data such as text, images, or videos usually involves the analysis, prediction, or reconstruction of them. The recurrent neural network (RNN) is a powerful machine learning approach to modelling these data in a recursive way....

Decaying Dark Energy models modify the background evolution of the most common observables, such as the Hubble function, the luminosity distance and the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature–redshift scaling relation. We use the most recent o...

This editorial introduces the special issue, entitled “Applications of Internet of Things”, of Symmetry. The topics covered in this issue fall under four main parts: (I) communication techniques and applications, (II) data science techniq...

The vague graph has found its importance as a closer approximation to real life situations. A review of the literature in this area reveals that the edge coloring problem for vague graphs has not been studied until now. Therefore, in this paper, we a...

Nowadays, video surveillance has become ubiquitous with the quick development of artificial intelligence. Multi-object detection (MOD) is a key step in video surveillance and has been widely studied for a long time. The majority of existing MOD algor...