Symmetry, Volume 10, Issue 8

The concept of a commutative generalized neutrosophic ideal in a $BCK$ -algebra is proposed, and related properties are proved. Characterizations of a commutative generalized neutrosophic ideal are considered. Also, some equivalence relations...

In this paper, the geometric modeling and virtual reconstruction of the double-acting steam engine designed by Agustín de Betancourt in 1789 are shown. For this, the software Autodesk Inventor Professional is used, which has allowed us to obta...

Key agreement between two constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices that have not met each other is an essential feature to provide in order to establish trust among its users. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) on a device represent a low cost...

BM123-64 block cipher, which was proposed by Minh, N.H. and Bac, D.T. in 2014, was designed for high speed communication applications factors. It was constructed in hybrid controlled substitution–permutation network (CSPN) models with two types...

The generating functions of fourteen families of generalized Chebyshev polynomials related to rank two Lie algebras $A_2$ , $C_2$ and $G_2$ are explicitly developed. There exist two classes of the orthogonal polynomials corresponding...

Electric multiple unit (EMU) trains’ high-level maintenance planning is a discrete problem in mathematics. The high-level maintenance process of the EMU trains consumes plenty of time. When the process is undertaken during peak periods of the p...

The occurrence rates of melanoma are rising rapidly, which are resulting in higher death rates. However, if the melanoma is diagnosed in Phase I, the survival rates increase. The segmentation of the melanoma is one of the largest tasks to undertake a...

Higher order Schwarzian derivatives for normalized univalent functions were first considered by Schippers, and those of convex functions were considered by Dorff and Szynal. In the present investigation, higher order Schwarzian derivatives for the Ja...

The notions of neutrosophy, neutrosophic algebraic structures, neutrosophic duplet and neutrosophic triplet were introduced by Florentin Smarandache. In this paper, the neutrosophic duplets of $Z_{p^n}$ , $Z_{pq}$ and $Z_{p_1{p}_2\&}$...

Fault diagnosis is an important issue in various fields and aims to detect and identify the faults of systems, products, and processes. The cause of a fault is complicated due to the uncertainty of the actual environment. Nevertheless, it is difficul...

Non-pairwise additive three-body dispersion potentials dependent upon one or more electric octupole moments are evaluated using the theory of molecular quantum electrodynamics. To simplify the perturbation theory calculations, an effective two-photon...

The human visual system uses priors to convert an ill-posed inverse problem of 3D shape recovery into a well-posed one. In previous studies, we have demonstrated the use of priors like symmetry, compactness and minimal surface in the perception of 3D...

Secret image sharing (SIS) with small-sized shadow images has many benefits, such as saving storage space, improving transmission time, and achieving information hiding. When adjacent pixel values in an image are similar to each other, the secret ima...

In this work, we study the completely integrable sixth-order nonlinear Ramani equation. By applying the Lie symmetry analysis technique, the Lie point symmetries and the optimal system of one-dimensional sub-algebras of the equation are derived. The...

Unsupervised machine learning and knowledge discovery from large-scale datasets have recently attracted a lot of research interest. The present paper proposes a distributed big data clustering approach-based on adaptive density estimation. The propos...

At the dawn of big data and 5G networks, end-to-end communication with large amounts of data between mobile devices is difficult to be implemented through the traditional face-to-face transmission mechanism in social networks. Consequently, opportuni...

We consider the constrained ordered weighted averaging (OWA) aggregation problem with a single constraint and lower bounded variables. For the three-dimensional constrained OWA aggregation problem with lower bounded variables, we present four types o...

A novel global harmony search (NGHS) algorithm, as proposed in 2010, is an improved algorithm that combines the harmony search (HS), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and a genetic algorithm (GA). Moreover, the fixed parameter of mutation probabilit...

This paper studies the stress state of a threaded fastening by using Finite Element (FE) models, applied to surgical screws in cortical bone. There is a general interest in studying the stress states induced in the different elements of a joint cause...

This paper concentrates on the detection of steganography in inactive frames of low bit rate audio streams in Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) scenarios. Both theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrate that the distribution of 0 and 1 in en...

Nowadays, more and more applications are dependent on storage and management of semi-structured information. For scientific research and knowledge-based decision-making, such data often needs to be published, e.g., medical data is released to impleme...

In this article, the authors propose a novel procedure for designing a customized 3D-printed surgical template to guide surgeons in inserting screws into the sacral zone during arthrodesis surgeries. The template is characterized by two cylindrical g...

Linguistic neutrosophic numbers (LNNs) are a powerful tool for describing fuzzy information with three independent linguistic variables (LVs), which express the degrees of truth, uncertainty, and falsity, respectively. However, existing LNNs cannot d...

In this paper we provide an application of neutrosophic bipolar fuzzy sets in daily life’s problem related with HOPE foundation that is planning to build a children hospital, which is the main theme of this paper. For it we first develop the th...

Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be disjoint copies of a graph G and $g:V\left(G_1\right)\to V\left(G_2\right)$ be a function. A functigraph $F_G$ consists of the vertex set $V\left(G_1\right)\cup V\left(G_2\right)$ and the edge set $E($...

In this paper, the exact analytical solutions are developed for the thermodynamic behavior of an Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on an elastic foundation and exposed to a time decaying laser pulse that scans over the beam with a uniform velocity. The go...

Asymmetric windows are of increasing interest to researchers because of the nonlinear and adjustable phase response, as well as alterable time delay. Short-time phase distortion can provide an essential improvement in speech coding, and also has bett...

Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models are important in many fields and applications, although they are most widely applied in time series analysis. Expanding the ARMA models to the case of various complex data is arguably one of the more challe...

Suppose that G is a graph over n vertices. G has n eigenvalues (of adjacency matrix) represented by ${\lambda }_1,{\lambda }_2,\cdots ,{\lambda }_n$. The Gaussian Estrada index, denoted by $H\left(G\right)$ (Estrada et al., Chaos 27(2017) 023109), can be defined as $H\left(G\right)={\sum }_{i=1}^n$...

In this article, we have an explicit description of the binary isosahedral group as a 600-cell. We introduce a method to construct binary polyhedral groups as a subset of quaternions $\mathbb{H}$ via spin map of $SO(3)$. In addition, we show that the binary icosa...

In this paper, we introduce the concept of neutrosophic number from different viewpoints. We define different types of linear and non-linear generalized triangular neutrosophic numbers which are very important for uncertainty theory. We introduced th...

We study the dependence of the superconducting gaps on both the disorder and the temperature within the two-band model for iron-based materials. In the clean limit, the system is in the $s_{\pm }$ state with sign-changing gaps. Scattering by nonmagnet...

The application of graph theory in chemical and molecular structure research has far exceeded people’s expectations, and it has recently grown exponentially. In the molecular graph, atoms are represented by vertices and bonds by edges. Topologi...

In classical group theory, homomorphism and isomorphism are significant to study the relation between two algebraic systems. Through this article, we propose neutro-homomorphism and neutro-isomorphism for the neutrosophic extended triplet group (NETG...

In the middle of the twentieth century, Albert and Bruck introduced the theory of isotopisms of non-associative algebras and quasigroups as a generalization of the classical theory of isomorphisms in order to study and classify such structures accord...

Recently, extensive research has been done on evolute curves in Minkowski space-time. However, the special characteristics of curves demand advanced level observations that are lacking in existing well-known literature. In this study, a special kind...

Since digital media is gaining popularity nowadays, people are more concerned about its integrity protection and authentication since tampered media may result in unexpected problems. Considering a better media protection technique, this paper propos...

With the development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the problem about how to increase the lifecycle of the WSNs is always a hot discussion point, and some researchers have devoted to the ‘energy saving’ to decrease the energy consump...

The aim of this paper is to use elementary methods and the recursive properties of a special sequence to study the computational problem of one kind symmetric sums involving Fubini polynomials and Euler numbers, and give an interesting computational...

Blur is an important factor affecting the image quality. This paper presents an efficient no-reference (NR) image blur assessment method based on a response function of singular values. For an image, the grayscale image is computed to the acquire spa...

For companies active in various sectors, the implementation of transport services and other logistics activities has become one of the key factors of efficiency in the total supply chain. Logistics outsourcing is becoming more and more important, and...

The validation of new methods for the diagnosis of incipient cases of Keratoconus (KC) with mild visual limitation is of great interest in the field of ophthalmology. During the asymmetric progression of the disease, the current diagnostic indexes do...

A critical discussion on the computation of the dispersion diagram of electromagnetic guiding/radiating structures with one-dimensional periodicity using general-purpose electromagnetic simulation software is presented in this work. In these methods,...

In this paper, we bring together two concepts related to uncertainty and vagueness: fuzzy numbers and intervals. With them, we build a new structure whose elements we call interval fuzzy segments. We have undertaken this based on the conviction that...

Facial landmarking locates the key facial feature points on facial data, which provides not only information on semantic facial structures, but also prior knowledge for other kinds of facial analysis. However, most of the existing works still focus o...

The casing of deformable warheads warps under the action of deforming charges. The deformation profiles may be concave-, convex-, or D-shaped, but they are all symmetrical. The D-shape is considered the optimal deformation profile. The width of the d...

We study a q-analogue of Euler numbers and polynomials naturally arising from the p-adic fermionic integrals on ${\mathbb{Z}}_p$ and investigate some properties for these numbers and polynomials. Then we will consider p-adic fermionic integrals on ${\mathbb{Z}}_p$ of the two va...

The 125 GeV boson is quite consistent with the Higgs boson of the Standard Model (SM), but there is a challenge from Anderson as to whether this particle is in the Lagrangian. As Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 enters its final year of running, we...

We studied the high-harmonic generation (HHG) of a two-level-system (TLS) driven by an intense monochromatic phase-locked laser based on complex spectral analysis with the Floquet method. In contrast with phenomenological approaches, this analysis de...

The Neutrosophic set (NS) has grasped concentration by its ability for handling indeterminate, uncertain, incomplete, and inconsistent information encountered in daily life. Recently, there have been various extensions of the NS, such as single value...