SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, has produced the largest pandemic in the 21st century, becoming a very serious health problem worldwide. To prevent COVID-19 disease and infection, a large number of vaccines have been developed and...
The present use of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has shown for the first time the potential of mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases. Here we will summarize the current knowledge about improved mRNA vaccines, i.e., the self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) v...
Background: Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines have the potential to increase the magnitude and duration of protection against COVID-19 by boosting neutralizing antibody titers and cellular responses. Methods: In this study, we used the immunogenicity dat...
mRNA was discovered in 1961, but it was not used as a vaccine until after three decades. Recently, the development of mRNA vaccine technology gained great impetus from the pursuit of vaccines against COVID-19. To improve the properties of RNA vaccine...
Nucleic acid-based vaccines such as viral vectors, plasmid DNA (pDNA), and mRNA are being developed as a means to address limitations of both live-attenuated and subunit vaccines. DNA vaccines have been shown to be potent in a wide variety of animal...
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought mRNA vaccines to the forefront due to their widespread use. In this study, we explored the potential advantages of the self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) vaccine over conventional mRNA vaccines. Methods: Initia...
mRNA vaccines have been demonstrated as a powerful alternative to traditional conventional vaccines because of their high potency, safety and efficacy, capacity for rapid clinical development, and potential for rapid, low-cost manufacturing. These va...
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive viral disease caused by the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV). It primarily affects young chickens, targeting the bursa of Fabricius, and poses significant economic threats to the poultry i...
This review will explore the four major pillars required for design and development of an saRNA vaccine: Antigen design, vector design, non-viral delivery systems, and manufacturing (both saRNA and lipid nanoparticles (LNP)). We report on the major i...
Although conventional vaccine approaches have proven to be successful in preventing infectious diseases in past decades, for vaccine development against emerging/re-emerging viruses, one of the main challenges is rapid response in terms of design and...
Replicating RNA, including self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) and trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA), holds great potential for advancing the next generation of RNA-based vaccines. Unlike in vitro transcribed mRNA found in most current RNA vaccines, saRNA or taRN...
In recent years, vaccine development using ribonucleic acid (RNA) has become the most promising and studied approach to produce safe and effective new vaccines, not only for prophylaxis but also as a treatment. The use of messenger RNA (mRNA) as an i...
RNA vaccines, including conventional messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines, and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines, have ushered in a promising future and revolutionized vaccine development. The success of mRNA vaccines in...
Current mRNA vaccines are mainly administered via intramuscular injection, which induces good systemic immunity but limited mucosal immunity. Achieving mucosal immunity through mRNA vaccination could diminish pathogen replication at the entry site an...
The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised significant economic, social, and psychological concerns. The rapid spread of the virus, coupled with the absence of vaccines and antivi...
Self-amplifying RNA is synthetic nucleic acid engineered to replicate within cells without generating viral particles. Derived from alphavirus genomes, saRNA retains the non-structural elements essential for replication while replacing the structural...
RNA-based cancer vaccines have emerged as transformative immunotherapeutic platforms, leveraging advances in mRNA technology and personalized medicine approaches. Recent clinical breakthroughs, particularly the success of mRNA-4157 combined with pemb...
messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines combine the positive attributes of both live-attenuated and subunit vaccines. In order for these to be applied for clinical use, they require to be formulated with delivery systems. However, there are limited in vi...
mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) medicinal products can be considered a platform technology because the development process is similar for different diseases and conditions, with similar noncoding mRNA sequences and lipid nanoparticles and essentially u...
Background: Nucleic acid-based vaccines have been studied for the past four decades, but the approval of the first messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic opened renewed perspectives for the development of similar vaccines against...
Alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles viruses and rhabdoviruses are enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses, which have been engineered for recombinant protein expression and vaccine development. Due to the presence of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activi...
To overcome pandemics, such as COVID-19, vaccines are urgently needed at very high volumes. Here we assess the techno-economic feasibility of producing RNA vaccines for the demand associated with a global vaccination campaign. Production process perf...
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines have re-emerged as a versatile and scalable platform by advances in synthetic biology and delivery systems, positioning them as powerful tools in the post-mRNA vaccine era. Historically considered less potent than...
Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has already been successfully tested preclinically and there are ongoing clinical trials for protein replacement purposes; however, more effort has been put into the development of prevention strategies against infecti...
Recent approval of mRNA vaccines to combat COVID-19 have highlighted the potential of this platform. Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) is the delivery vehicle of choice for mRNA as they prevent its enzymatic degradation by encapsulation. We have recently sho...
Africa bears the highest burden of infectious diseases, yet the continent is heavily reliant on First World countries for the development and supply of life-saving vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic was a stark reminder of Africa’s vaccine dependence an...
Self-amplifying RNA-based (saRNA) technology represents the last frontier in using synthetic RNA in vaccinology. Typically, saRNA consists of positive-strand RNA molecules of viral origin (almost exclusively from alphaviruses) where the sequences of...
Acute adverse reactions to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are a major concern, as autopsy reports indicate that deaths most commonly occur on the same day of or one day following vaccination. These acute reactions may be due to cytokine storms triggered by l...
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for innovative vaccine platforms that elicit durable immunity. Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines offer rapid production and dose-sparing advantages over traditional mRNA platforms. In Uganda&r...
Background: Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) holds promising application prospects. However, due to the inclusion of a replicase sequence, its extended length leads to premature termination during in vitro transcription (IVT), resulting in poor product i...
Background: Self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) represents a promising platform for vaccines and gene therapies, offering sustained protein expression at low doses through self-replication. For vaccines targeting respiratory pathogens, pulmonary delivery...
The emergence of complex and rapidly evolving pathogens necessitates innovative vaccine platforms that move beyond traditional methods. This review explores the transformative potential of next-generation vaccine technologies, focusing on the combine...
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis that causes high fetal and neonatal mortality rates in ruminants and sometimes severe to fatal complications like encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever in humans. There is no licensed RVF vaccin...