This paper proposes a new protocol that can be used to reduce transmission delay and energy consumption effectively. This will be done by adjusting the duty-cycle (DC) ratio of the receiver node and the contention window size of the sender node accor...
This paper proposes an adaptive duty-cycled hybrid X-MAC (ADX-MAC) protocol for energy-efficient forest fire prediction. The Asynchronous sensor network protocol, X-MAC protocol, acquires additional environmental status details from each forest fire...
Although the conventional duty cycle MAC protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) such as RMAC perform well in terms of saving energy and reducing end-to-end delivery latency, they were designed independently and require an extra routing protoco...
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are severely energy constrained, and how to improve the energy efficiency so as to prolong the network lifetime as long as possible is one of the most important goals of WBAN research. Low data-rate WBANs are promi...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used for environmental monitoring and reporting for many decades. Energy consumption is a significant research topic because wireless sensor nodes are battery-operated to be highly energy-constrained. Several...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have experienced an important revitalization, particularly with the arrival of Internet of Things applications. In a general sense, a WSN can be composed of different classes of nodes, having different characteristics o...
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are designed to provide connectivity among diverse miniature body sensors that support different Internet of Things (IoT) healthcare applications. Among diverse body sensors, WBANs exploit in-vivo sensor nodes that...
The prevalence of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm in more and more applications associated with our daily lives has induced a dense network in which numerous wireless devices, many of which have limited capabilities (e.g., power, memory, comput...
This paper presents a Data-gathering, Dynamic Duty-cycling (D3) protocol for wireless sensor networks. With a proposed duty-cycling MAC of high energy efficiency in D3, a routing scheme is naturally embedded to reduce protocol overhead. A packet can...
The Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as smart grids, smart agriculture, smart cities, and e-healthcare are popular nowadays. Generally, IoT end devices are extremely sensitive to the utilization of energy. The medium access control (MAC) la...
Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) utilise acoustic waves with comparatively lower loss and longer range than those of electromagnetic waves. However, energy remains a challenging issue in addition to long latency, high bit error rate, and limited ba...
This paper proposes a new duty-cycle-based protocol for transmitting emergent data with high priority and low latency in a sensor network environment. To reduce power consumption, the duty cycle protocol is divided into a listen section and a sleep s...
Energy conservation is one of the striking research issues now-a-days for power constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and hence, several duty-cycle based MAC protocols have been devised for WSNs in the last few years. However, assimilation of d...
Wireless sensor networks employ duty-cycles to save energy, with the cost of enlargement of end-to-end latency. Cross-layer protocols that use anycast medium access control achieve latency reduction in asynchronous duty-cycled wireless sensor network...
A novel wake-up receiver for wireless sensor networks is introduced. It operates with a modified medium access protocol (MAC), allowing low-energy consumption and practical latency. The ultra-low-power wake-up receiver operates with enhanced duty-cyc...
The radio operation in wireless sensor networks (WSN) in Internet of Things (IoT) applications is the most common source for power consumption. Consequently, recognizing and controlling the factors affecting radio operation can be valuable for managi...
The Internet of Things (IoT) connects our world in more ways than we imagine. Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is at the core of implementing IoT architectures. Although WSN applications give us enormous opportunities, their deployment is cha...
As Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) grow in popularity, researchers are now focusing more on some challenging issues that significantly degrade overall performance, such as energy hole mitigation, link asymmetry minimization, etc. Link asymmetry is a...
Survivability is a critical concern in WSNs, heavily influenced by energy efficiency. Addressing severe energy constraints in WSNs requires solutions that meet application goals while prolonging network life. This paper presents an Energy Optimizatio...
Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) are emerging as appealing solutions for several Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as healthcare, smart cities and Industry 4.0, thanks to their ease of deployment, low energy consumption and large cover...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and sensing devices are considered to be core components of the Internet of Things (IoT). The performance modeling of IoT–WSN is of key importance to better understand, deploy, and manage this technology. As sens...
LoRa has emerged as a cornerstone of low-power, long-range IoT communication. While highly effective for scalar sensing, its extension to multimedia remains constrained by limited bitrate, payload size, and duty-cycle regulations. This survey reviews...
This paper introduces the design, implementation, and performance analysis of the scalable and mobility-aware hybrid protocol named boarder node medium access control (BN-MAC) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which leverages the characteristics...
Applications of wireless sensor networks have significantly increased in the modern era. These networks operate on a limited power supply in the form of batteries, which are normally difficult to replace on a frequent basis. In wireless sensor networ...
Intra-body Communication (IBC) is a communication method using the human body as a communication medium, in which body-attached devices exchange electro-magnetic (EM) wave signals with each other. The fact that our human body consists of water and el...
In the design of media access control (MAC) mechanism in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), due to the propagation characteristic of low-speed underwater acoustic signals, it is necessary to solve the spatial–temporal uncertainty prob...
For smooth integration with middleboxes on the Internet, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is favorably considered as a transport-layer protocol for IoT (Internet of Things) networks. In constrained networks, TCP tends to perform well with a small...
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) consist of a limited number of battery operated nodes that are used to monitor the vital signs of a patient over long periods of time without restricting the patient’s movements. They are an easy and fast way to di...
Medical emergency monitoring body sensor networks (BSNs) monitor the occurrence of medical emergencies and are helpful for the daily care of the elderly and chronically ill people. Such BSNs are characterized by rare traffic when there is no emergenc...
The hotspot issue in wireless sensor networks, with nodes nearest the sink node losing energy fastest and degrading network lifetime, is a well-referenced problem. Mobile sink nodes have been proposed as a solution to this. They do not completely rem...
The principle of Smart Cities is the interconnection of services, based on a network of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. As the number of IoT devices continue to grow, the demand to organize and maintain the IoT applications is increased. Therefore,...
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are a pivotal solution for continuous health monitoring, but their energy constraints pose a significant challenge for long-term operation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art energy-effi...
The rapid developments of sensor devices that can actively monitor human activities have given rise to a new field called wireless body area network (BAN). A BAN can manage devices in, on and around the human body. Major requirements of such a networ...
Over the past decade, wireless sensor network research primarily relied on highly-integrated commercial off-the-shelf radio chips. The rigid silicon implementation of the radio stack restricted access to the lower layers; thus, research focused mainl...
The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has heightened the demand for lightweight and secure cryptographic mechanisms suitable for resource-constrained environments. While SHA-256 remains a widely used standard, the emergence of SHA-3...
Long range (LoRa) is a low-power wide-area technology because it is eminent for robust long-distance, low-bitrate, and low-power communications in the unlicensed sub-GHz spectrum used for the Internet of things (IoT) networks. Recently, several multi...
This paper introduces the Sensor Traffic Generator (STGen), a lightweight, pure-software testbed for evaluating IoT application- and transport-layer protocols at scale. Relative to existing software-based IoT evaluation platforms, STGen combines thre...