Next Article in Journal
A Novel Arithmetic Optimization PDR Algorithm for Smartphones
Previous Article in Journal
Unveiling Turbulence-Induced Stress Dynamics in Dented Pipe Using Acoustic Emission and Time–Frequency Analysis
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Sensors
Volume 25
Issue 23
10.3390/s25237128
sensors-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Multimedia Transmission over LoRa Networks for IoT Applications: A Survey of Strategies, Deployments, and Open Challenges

by
Soumadeep De
1,
Harikrishnan Muraleedharan Jalajamony
1,
Santhosh Adhinarayanan
2,
Santosh Joshi
3,
Himanshu Upadhyay
3 and
Renny Fernandez
2,*
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA
2
Department of Electronics Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA
3
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(23), 7128; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237128
Submission received: 3 October 2025 / Revised: 10 November 2025 / Accepted: 17 November 2025 / Published: 21 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
Versions Notes

Abstract

LoRa has emerged as a cornerstone of low-power, long-range IoT communication. While highly effective for scalar sensing, its extension to multimedia remains constrained by limited bitrate, payload size, and duty-cycle regulations. This survey reviews research on multimedia transmission over LoRa, revealing that most current efforts are image-centric, with only a few preliminary studies addressing video or audio. We propose a structured taxonomy encompassing compression and fragmentation methods, cooperative and multi-hop architectures, MAC and cross-layer optimizations, and hybrid network designs. These strategies are analyzed in the context of IoT domains such as agriculture, surveillance, and environmental monitoring. Open challenges are highlighted in extending beyond static images, ensuring energy-efficient delivery, and developing spectrum- and ML-aware protocols. The survey provides IoT researchers with both a consolidated reference and a roadmap toward practical and scalable multimedia systems over LoRa.
Keywords: LoRa; LPWAN; image transmission; low-power wireless; compression; MAC protocols; cooperative communication; wireless sensor networks; edge computing; smart agriculture; environment monitoring; surveillance systems; IoT LoRa; LPWAN; image transmission; low-power wireless; compression; MAC protocols; cooperative communication; wireless sensor networks; edge computing; smart agriculture; environment monitoring; surveillance systems; IoT

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

De, S.; Jalajamony, H.M.; Adhinarayanan, S.; Joshi, S.; Upadhyay, H.; Fernandez, R. Multimedia Transmission over LoRa Networks for IoT Applications: A Survey of Strategies, Deployments, and Open Challenges. Sensors 2025, 25, 7128. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237128

AMA Style

De S, Jalajamony HM, Adhinarayanan S, Joshi S, Upadhyay H, Fernandez R. Multimedia Transmission over LoRa Networks for IoT Applications: A Survey of Strategies, Deployments, and Open Challenges. Sensors. 2025; 25(23):7128. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237128

Chicago/Turabian Style

De, Soumadeep, Harikrishnan Muraleedharan Jalajamony, Santhosh Adhinarayanan, Santosh Joshi, Himanshu Upadhyay, and Renny Fernandez. 2025. "Multimedia Transmission over LoRa Networks for IoT Applications: A Survey of Strategies, Deployments, and Open Challenges" Sensors 25, no. 23: 7128. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237128

APA Style

De, S., Jalajamony, H. M., Adhinarayanan, S., Joshi, S., Upadhyay, H., & Fernandez, R. (2025). Multimedia Transmission over LoRa Networks for IoT Applications: A Survey of Strategies, Deployments, and Open Challenges. Sensors, 25(23), 7128. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237128

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop