28 Results Found

The quenching rate of Al–Mg–Si alloys during solution treatment is an important parameter for the automotive industry. In this work, the effect of the different quenching rates on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and paint bake...

In this study, the compositional design of high-formability, high-bake-hardening Al–Mg–Zn-Cu-based aluminum alloys was carried out, and process conditions were established to secure mechanical properties under harsh conditions for Al&ndas...

This study is dedicated to the experimental characterisation and phenomenological modeling of the bake hardening effect of a thin steel sheet, to predict the static dent resistance and perform an experimental validation on a bulged part. In a first s...

The influence of preaging (PA) treatments on the bake hardening (BH) response of a AlZnMgCuZr aluminum alloy which served as automotive body structures were studied in this paper. A novel two-step PA treatment was particularly designed and further em...

Bake hardening (BH) is a vital part of special steel production. Studies in this field have focused on steels under homogeneous yielding, but until now, none have been conducted on the phenomena that occur for steels under heterogeneous yielding. In...

The purpose of the present study is three-fold. Firstly, it attempts to describe the bake hardening (BH) behavior of selected interstitial free (IF) and dual phase (DP) steels. Secondly, it predicts the BH behavior of the IF DX 51D and DP 500 HCT 590...

This article is dedicated to quantitatively and systematically revealing the changes of mechanical properties and bake hardening properties of AA6014 alloy during six-month natural aging in detail. Three directions (0, 45, and 90° relative to the rol...

In this study, we demonstrate how Zn and Sn influence hardening behavior and cluster formation during pre-aging and paint bake treatment in Al–Mg–Si alloys via hardness tests, tensile tests, and atom probe tomography. Compared to the stan...

The strain-aging of low alloyed, multiphase high-strength steels with strain-induced austenite to martensite transformation was studied. The influence of prestrain, aging time, and temperature dependence of the static strain aging was carried out. Ag...

This study systematically investigates the synergistic effects of Cu addition (0–0.7 wt.%) and 2% pre-straining on the artificial aging, natural aging (NA), and bake-hardening response (BHR) of AA6111 alloy. The results reveal that Cu significa...

To predict the achievable product volume with respect to the gas retention capacity of the gluten matrix in wheat flour doughs, strain hardening evaluation is crucial. But assessing these structure hardening phenomena in wheat flour dough systems is...

With the rapid development of the automotive industry, particularly the year-on-year growth in sales of new energy vehicles, automobile outer panel materials have shown a trend toward high-strength lightweight solutions. Regarding steel for outer pan...

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cryogenic and room temperature pre-deformation on subsequent artificial ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys. Naturally aged and pre-aged samples were strained to 5%, 10% and 20% at RT (25 °...

To address the technical challenge of balancing formability and strength in automotive aluminum alloys, this study examined an Al-4.35Mg-3.6Zn-0.2Cu alloy subjected to a combined heat-treatment schedule consisting of a two-step solution treatment (47...

In this study, the effect of baking heat treatment on fatigue strength and fatigue life was evaluated by performing baking heat treatment after shot peening treatment on 4340M steel for landing gear. An ultrasonic fatigue test was performed to obtain...

Par-baking technology increases the production efficiency of bread. However, the degree of par-baking can vary significantly amongst product types and intended sales markets, leading to substantial differences in the quality attributes of the finishe...

In this study, recently established multiresolution spherical indentation stress–strain protocols have been employed to derive new insights into the microstructural changes that occur during the processing of dual-phase (DP) steels. This is acc...

Frozen bread doughs usually exhibit less bread volume and poor texture due to dough weakening as well as reduced yeast viability. The objectives of this study were to improve the textural properties of frozen bread dough by applying carbohydrate-acti...

Twin-roll casting (TRC), as a near-net-shape technology, is employed to fabricate age-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy. Compared with conventional direct chill (DC) casting, the TRC method is much more economical and efficient. In this work, the microstructur...

Aluminum alloys are widely used as first-choice materials for lightweight automotive applications. It is important that an alloy have a balance between strength and formability. In this study, the alloys were melted, cast, hot rolled, and cold rolled...

In this study, a developed wheat flour blend (F), consisting of a high content of non-starch polysaccharides, was fortified with cellulase (C) and a cellulase–xylanase complex (CX) and then processed via conventional and hybrid treatment method...

This study investigated if whole wheat flour-based cookie dough’s physical properties were affected by mixing time (1 to 10 min). The cookie dough quality was assessed using texture (spreadability and stress relaxation), moisture content, and i...

An ultrastrong and ductile deformed and partitioned (D&P) steel developed by dislocation engineering has been reported recently. However, the microstructure evolution during the D&P processes has not yet been fully understood. The present pap...

Electrode degradation in the continuous resistance spot-welding process of baked hardening (BH) 220 steel was evaluated by an electrode life test, and weldability tests were conducted by geometry feature measurement, mechanical property analysis, and...

Broccoli is one of the most valuable representatives of the Brassicaceae family, characterized by high levels of glucosinolates and fiber, antioxidant status and tolerance to high selenium (Se) concentrations. To evaluate the efficiency of Se-enriche...

This study attempted to estimate the maximum size of inclusions in the ultra-low carbon Bake Hardening (BH) steels of automobile exposed panel. The Probable Maximum Sizes (PMS) of inclusions at the different steelmaking stages for BH steel with diffe...

Although extensive aging and strain aging (bake hardening, BH) studies have been carried out on dual-phase steels, the aging behavior of the dual matrix structure (DMS) ductile iron (DI), as a potential way to improve its mechanical properties, has n...

In this work, the results of the examinations of the effect of the mold material and mold technology on the microstructure and properties of the casts parts of ductile cast iron have been presented. Four different self-hardening molding sands based o...