This review provides an extensive overview of the modernization of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Regional Navigation Satellite System (RNSS), and Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) up to 28 September 2025. It covers a description...
The primary means for electronic position fixing in use in contemporary maritime transport are shipborne GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers or DGPS (Differential GPS) receivers. More advanced GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) or RNSS (...
Recently, the Korean government has announced a plan to develop a satellite-based navigation system called the Korean Positioning System (KPS). When designing a new Radio Navigation Satellite Service (RNSS) signal, the use of the S-band has emerged a...
Positioning accuracy is affected by the combined effect of user range errors and the geometric distribution of satellites. Dilution of precision (DOP) is defined as the geometric strength of visible satellites. DOP is calculated based on the satellit...
The L- and S-bands are becoming increasingly congested with the modernization of radio navigation satellite service (RNSS) systems and the development of a new satellite navigation system. In order to solve the problem of frequency band congestion, c...
Currently, the space segment of all the five satellite systems capable of providing precise time transfer services, namely BDS (including BDS-3 and BDS-2), GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), has almost been fully deploye...
In this study, we fabricated a random nanostructure (RNS) external light extraction composite layer containing high-refractive-index nanoparticles through a simple and inexpensive solution process and a low-temperature mask-free process. We focused o...
In this study, Klobuchar coefficients optimized for the Japanese region, referred to as the Klobuchar Regional (KR) model, were estimated using the International GNSS Service (IGS) Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) and evaluated against the Klobuchar GPS (...
Background: Identifying acute kidney injury (AKI) within few hours of onset is certainly helpful. However, early prediction of a long-term eGFR decline may be an even more important goal. Our aim was to identify and compare serum [creatinine, kinetic...
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)-based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems have attracted growing interest owing to their strong transmission power and rapid Precise Point Positioning (PPP) convergence. A key challenge in realizing such systems is...
This study systematically investigated an atmospheric pressure plasma reactor with a centered single pin electrode inside a dielectric tube for depositing the polyaniline (PANI) thin film based on the experimental case studies relative to variations...
The Neutrosophic set (NS) has grasped concentration by its ability for handling indeterminate, uncertain, incomplete, and inconsistent information encountered in daily life. Recently, there have been various extensions of the NS, such as single value...
Number comparison has long been recognized as one of the most fundamental non-modular arithmetic operations to be executed in a non-positional Residue Number System (RNS). In this paper, a new technique for designing comparators of RNS numbers repres...
The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has contributed to an increase in the production volume of RF-featured equipment. According to statistics from the literature, the IoT industry will soon deploy billions of products. While the concept behind...
The Arctic region holds immense strategic value in terms of scientific expedition, maritime transportation, and resource development, which makes reliable and secure satellite navigation services in this area crucial. This study first calculates and...
In this study, plasma-activated water (PAW) was generated using a large-volume (5 L) plasma reactor with a quasi-stationary, water-cathode glow-type discharge in atmospheric pressure air. Tap water was activated up to 75 min. PAW exhibited high conce...
Accurate identification and extraction of lake boundaries are the basis of the accurate assessment of lake changes and their responses to climate change. To reduce the effects of lake ice and snow cover, mountain shadows, cloud and fog shielding, all...
In the last decade, we have been witnessing a rapid development of the constellations of Global and Regional Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS/RNSS). Besides the well-known GPS and GLONASS, newly developed systems such as Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS and N...
The radio determination service system (RDSS), a navigation and positioning system independently developed by China, features services such as short-message communication, position reporting, and international search and rescue. The L-band pseudo-ran...