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203 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,298 Views
12 Pages

A Comparison of Three Child OHRQoL Measures

  • Lyndie Foster Page,
  • Fiona Gilchrist,
  • Hillary L. Broder,
  • Ellen Clark and
  • W. Murray Thomson

12 February 2019

Comparing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measures can facilitate selecting the most appropriate one for a particular research question/setting. Three child OHRQoL measures Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11–14), the Child Oral...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,628 Views
15 Pages

Charting the Future of Oral Health: A Bibliometric Exploration of Quality-of-Life Research in Dentistry

  • Agatha Ravi Vidiasratri,
  • Lisdrianto Hanindriyo and
  • Caroline Manuela Hartanto

In recent decades, the focus of health research has shifted to the impact of disease or impairment on how people proceed, behave, and experience quality of life. People’s lives are affected by oral diseases in various ways. Oral health-related...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,844 Views
19 Pages

Objectives: the aims of this study were the development of a novel questionnaire to assess the impact of prosthetic treatments on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the performance of a prospective pilot study. Background: the currently...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
25 Citations
6,018 Views
11 Pages

Background: Orthodontic clear aligners constitute an alternative and increasingly used orthodontic treatment modality, offering enhanced esthetics with potential consequences regarding patients’ oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Obj...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,272 Views
12 Pages

Multifactorial Analysis of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Case-Control Study

  • Mohammed Khalil Fahmi,
  • Sakeenabi Basha,
  • Roshan Noor Mohamed,
  • Alaa Redwan,
  • Arwa U. Alsaggaf,
  • Majd Hashim S. Morad and
  • Yasser Eid Al-Thobaiti

Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children with special needs (CSN) and children without special care needs (CWSCN) in Saudi Arabia and to explore the association between various...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,879 Views
8 Pages

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is utilized in health services research to examine trends in oral health and population-based needs assessment. To determine the impact of oral diseases on everyday life, measures of oral quality of life a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,726 Views
10 Pages

Oral Symptoms and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Rare Diseases in Germany: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • Sabrina Wiemann,
  • Nicolas Frenzel Baudisch,
  • Rainer A. Jordan,
  • Johannes Kleinheinz and
  • Marcel Hanisch

Background: The aim of this study was to collect information on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in people with rare diseases. Methods: A questionnaire comprising free text questions and the German version of the standardized Oral Health...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,474 Views
11 Pages

Oral Diseases and Quality of Life between Obese and Normal Weight Adolescents: A Two-Year Observational Study

  • Tengku Nurfarhana Nadirah Tengku H,
  • Wei Ying Peh,
  • Lily Azura Shoaib,
  • Nor Adinar Baharuddin,
  • Rathna Devi Vaithilingam and
  • Roslan Saub

This study aimed to investigate the association between oral disease burden and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) among overweight/obese (OW/OB) and normal weight (NW) Malaysian adolescents. A total of 397 adolescents were involved in the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,095 Views
11 Pages

Association between Dental Fear and Children’s Oral Health-Related Quality of Life

  • Fahad Hegazi,
  • Nada Alghamdi,
  • Danah Alhajri,
  • Lulwah Alabdulqader,
  • Danah Alhammad,
  • Lama Alshamrani,
  • Sumit Bedi and
  • Sonali Sharma

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between both parental dental fear and children’s dental fear and its impact on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Saudi children in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. M...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,817 Views
10 Pages

Objective: To assess the association between clinical orthodontic indicators and oral-health-related quality of life, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, focusing on 16-year-old patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Participants: One hund...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,634 Views
10 Pages

This study evaluated the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Saudi subjects with ectopic canine, severe crowding, and class I normal occlusion. Moreover, we assessed the differences among orthodontic treatment modalities (OTM) in the ecto...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,746 Views
12 Pages

14 November 2024

Background/Objectives: The integration of quality of life (QoL) assessments into dental health evaluations acknowledges the profound impact of oral health on overall well-being. This study aims to compare the impact of implant-supported complete dent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,021 Views
11 Pages

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Rare Disorders of Congenital Facial Weakness

  • Denise K. Liberton,
  • Konstantinia Almpani,
  • Rashmi Mishra,
  • Carol Bassim,
  • Carol Van Ryzin,
  • on behalf of the Moebius Syndrome Research Consortium,
  • Bryn D. Webb,
  • Ethylin Wang Jabs,
  • Elizabeth C. Engle and
  • Francis S. Collins
  • + 2 authors

Congenital facial weakness (CFW) encompasses a heterogenous set of rare disorders presenting with decreased facial movement from birth, secondary to impaired function of the facial musculature. The aim of the present study is to provide an analysis o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,357 Views
6 Pages

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Achalasia

  • Marcel Hanisch,
  • Sabrina Wiemann,
  • Lauren Bohner,
  • Susanne Jung,
  • Johannes Kleinheinz and
  • Sebastian Igelbrink

11 June 2020

Background and Objective: The oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with achalasia has not been evaluated to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the OHRQoL of patients with achalasia and to get information about th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,034 Views
9 Pages

Self-Assessment of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Ectodermal Dysplasia in Germany

  • Marcel Hanisch,
  • Sonja Sielker,
  • Susanne Jung,
  • Johannes Kleinheinz and
  • Lauren Bohner

Background: Ectodermal dysplasia describes a heterogeneous group of hereditary, congenital malformations involving developmental dystrophies of ectodermal structures. The aim of this study was to analyse the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,593 Views
13 Pages

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Different Subtypes of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

  • Julius Balke,
  • Lauren Bohner,
  • Jeanette Köppe,
  • Jochen Jackowski,
  • Ole Oelerich and
  • Marcel Hanisch

This study assessed differences in the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) between subtypes of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). For statistical analysis, participants were divided according to their subtype: classical EDS (cEDS), hypermobile ED...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,475 Views
9 Pages

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Refugees: A Questionnaire-Based Study

  • Katharina Fink,
  • Kais Alkayed,
  • Franz Sebastian Schwindling and
  • Vera Wiesmüller

Objectives: The issue of oral health problems among refugees, not only during their journey but also once they arrive at their destination, is a current one. This study aimed to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of refugees, w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,563 Views
8 Pages

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Rare Hereditary Connective Tissue Disorders: Marfan Syndrome

  • Marcel Hanisch,
  • Sabrina Wiemann,
  • Susanne Jung,
  • Johannes Kleinheinz and
  • Lauren Bohner

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze data on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in people with Marfan syndrome and to obtain information on the diagnosis period, orthodontic treatment, and oral symptoms. Methods: A questionnaire...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,361 Views
10 Pages

Ball versus Locator® Attachments: A Retrospective Study on Prosthetic Maintenance and Effect on Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life

  • Silvia Brandt,
  • Hans-Christoph Lauer,
  • Michael Fehrenz,
  • Jan-Frederik Güth,
  • Georgios Romanos and
  • Anna Winter

23 February 2021

Locator® and ball attachments are well-established systems to attach overdentures to two inter-foraminal implants. This study aimed to evaluate differences between the two systems regarding prosthetic maintenance and patients’ oral-health-related qua...

  • Article
  • Open Access
270 Views
20 Pages

Assessing Esthetic and Functional Benefits of Three Types of Maxillary Partial Denture Designs over Five Years

  • Sanja Peršić Kiršić,
  • Asja Čelebić,
  • Irina Filipović-Zore,
  • Ljiljana Strajnić and
  • Nikola Petričević

18 December 2025

Background/Objectives: The design of removable partial dentures (RPDs) influences long-term clinical success and patient satisfaction. Maxillary Kennedy Class I partial edentulism can be treated with clasp-retained (C-RPD), attachment-retained (A-RPD...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,042 Views
10 Pages

Self-Esteem and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life within a Cleft Lip and/or Palate Population: A Prospective Cohort Study

  • Antonia Aleksieva,
  • Giacomo Begnoni,
  • Anna Verdonck,
  • Annouschka Laenen,
  • Guy Willems and
  • Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula

(1) Objective: To investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-esteem (SE) of a population with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and to compare it with a non-affected control cohort. (2) Materials and methods: This study compris...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,305 Views
10 Pages

Oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is defined as the impact of oral health on activities of daily living. Malocclusions are a public health problem with a high prevalence. Different studies have concluded that malocclusions negatively affec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
342 Views
11 Pages

Relationship Between the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Mothers and That of Their Adolescent Children: A Retrospective Pilot Study

  • Adrián Curto,
  • Beatriz Egido,
  • Cristina Gómez-Polo,
  • Kelly Valeria Restrepo-Colorado,
  • Daniele Garcovich,
  • Virginia Franco-Varas and
  • Javier Flores-Fraile

13 December 2025

Background: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children is an issue of growing interest in the scientific literature, with various studies focused on the adolescent population published in recent years. Nevertheless, few studies have eva...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,582 Views
12 Pages

This study investigates the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with periodontitis stages (S)2 and S3, and the factors associated with the prediction of patient-reported outco...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,999 Views
10 Pages

6 March 2023

This rerandomized clinical trial evaluated the influence of soft liners (SL) on biting force, pain perception, and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of complete denture wearers. Twenty-eight completely edentulous patients complaining o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,859 Views
15 Pages

Diet Practices, Body Mass Index, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Periodontitis- A Case-Control Study

  • Galit Almoznino,
  • Naama Gal,
  • Liran Levin,
  • Eitan Mijiritsky,
  • Guy Weinberg,
  • Ron Lev,
  • Avraham Zini,
  • Riva Touger-Decker,
  • Daniella Chebath-Taub and
  • Boaz Shay

Objectives: To assess and compare diet practices, body mass index (BMI), and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adults with and without periodontitis. Methods: Demographics, health-related behaviors, BMI, dental and periodontal parameter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,881 Views
9 Pages

Impacts of Tooth Loss on OHRQoL in an Adult Population in Cape Town, South Africa

  • Faheema Kimmie-Dhansay,
  • Carla Cruvinel Pontes,
  • Usuf M. E. Chikte,
  • Albert Chinhenzva,
  • Rajiv T. Erasmus,
  • Andre Pascal Kengne and
  • Tandi E. Matsha

(1) Background: Tooth loss is an important component of the global burden of oral disease, greatly reducing the quality of life of those affected. Tooth loss can also affect diet and subsequent incidences of lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,901 Views
12 Pages

The Relationship between Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Body Mass Index in an Older Population from Southern Italy: The Salus in Apulia Study

  • Vittorio Dibello,
  • Frank Lobbezoo,
  • Rodolfo Sardone,
  • Madia Lozupone,
  • Fabio Castellana,
  • Roberta Zupo,
  • Alberto Pilotto,
  • Antonio Daniele,
  • Vincenzo Solfrizzi and
  • Daniele Manfredini
  • + 1 author

25 August 2023

Background: The assessment of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) evaluated the impact of an individual’s oral health on the patient’s physical and psychosocial status. We evaluated the association between subjective OHRQoL, meas...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,598 Views
14 Pages

The Influence of Orthodontic Treatment Need on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among 12–18-Year-Old Adolescents in Riyadh

  • Nancy Ajwa,
  • Arwa AlHammad,
  • Luluh AlAmmar,
  • Munira AlMarjan,
  • Talal AlShugair,
  • Leen AlManie and
  • Durgesh Bangalore

28 October 2022

This study assessed the prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in 12–18-year-old adolescents and explored the association between OHRQoL and treatment needs, gender, education level and family...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,897 Views
9 Pages

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Hong Kong Kindergarten Children Receiving Silver Diamine Fluoride Therapy

  • Hollis Haotian Chai,
  • Ivy Guofang Sun,
  • Duangporn Duangthip,
  • Sherry Shiqian Gao,
  • Edward Chin Man Lo and
  • Chun Hung Chu

5 August 2024

The objective of this prospective 12-month observational study is to examine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Hong Kong young children aged 3–4 years old receiving silver diamine fluoride (SDF) therapy for carious upper an...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,256 Views
11 Pages

17 October 2025

Background: To examine the association between the number and location of missing teeth and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) as well as self-assessed general health in a convenience sample of Austrian dental patients, and to evaluate the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,607 Views
12 Pages

11 September 2023

Dental pain in children is a global public health burden with psychosocial and economic implications, challenging families and pediatric dentists in daily clinical practice. Previous studies have addressed the exclusive impact of either caries, denta...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
8,719 Views
9 Pages

Does the Clinical Form of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) Influence the Oral Health–Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL)?

  • Linda Daume,
  • Constance Kreis,
  • Lauren Bohner,
  • Johannes Kleinheinz and
  • Susanne Jung

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and to evaluate differences between the various clinical forms of OLP. Specifically, the differen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,597 Views
10 Pages

Periodontal Disease and Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on the OHRQoL of the Patient: A Pilot Study of Case Series

  • María José Moya-Villaescusa,
  • Arturo Sánchez-Pérez,
  • Jesús Esparza-Marín,
  • Alfonso Jornet-García and
  • José María Montoya-Carralero

3 April 2023

The objective of this prospective study was to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHR-QoL) in patients with periodontitis and nonsurgical periodontal treatment. A prospective, longitudinal case series study was carried out at the University...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,123 Views
12 Pages

Background: Indigenous Australians score worse on both sleep and oral health. This study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and quantity associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Indigenous Australian adults. Methods: A cross-se...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,125 Views
20 Pages

Determinants of Oral Health Outcomes and Quality of Life in Diabetic Patients from Western Romania: A Behavioral Model Approach

  • Iulia Alexa,
  • Ramona Dumitrescu,
  • Doina Chioran,
  • Octavia Balean,
  • Vanessa Bolchis,
  • Ruxandra Sava-Rosianu,
  • Simona Popescu,
  • Atena Galuscan and
  • Daniela Jumanca

30 May 2025

Background/Objectives: Oral health and diabetes are closely linked through shared inflammatory, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors. This study examined the determinants of oral health outcomes and oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Ro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,042 Views
15 Pages

A Survey of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life for Adults with Cerebral Palsy in Australia

  • Karen Lansdown,
  • Kim Bulkeley,
  • Margaret McGrath,
  • Michelle Irving,
  • Claudia Zagreanu and
  • Hayley Smithers-Sheedy

4 September 2025

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and dental care experiences of adults with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Methods: In 2023, adults with CP and their caregivers from four Australian states completed questio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,022 Views
11 Pages

Cross-Bite and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Preadolescents Aged 11 to 14 Years Old: A Pilot Case-Control Study

  • Adrián Curto,
  • Alberto Albaladejo,
  • Alfonso Alvarado-Lorenzo,
  • Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho and
  • Daniel Curto

29 July 2023

Introduction: Malocclusions have a negative impact on oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Posterior cross-bite is one of the most prevalent malocclusions in the preadolescent population. This study investigated the influence of posterior cr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,552 Views
9 Pages

An Observational Study on Oral Health and Quality of Life for RPD Wearers in the N-E Region of Romania

  • Florinel Cosmin Bida,
  • Doriana Agop-Forna,
  • Bogdan Petru Bulancea,
  • Carina Balcoș and
  • Norina Consuela Forna

9 September 2022

There is a lack of information regarding the oral health of the elderly population in Romania; only a few articles have been published about their edentulism, and there are no official data regarding the oral health, OHRQoL, and prosthodontic status...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,700 Views
12 Pages

13 October 2020

The aim of this research project was to analyze the influence of slot size and low-friction on pain and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of subjects receiving fixed appliances. A group of 120 patients (61 male, 59 female) were chosen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,533 Views
8 Pages

12 August 2024

Background/Objectives: To better understand the impact of different oral conditions on children, several instruments are available to measure oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). To adapt and validate cross-culturally the Child Oral Health I...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,033 Views
10 Pages

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the current dental care situation in Germany from the perspective of those affected by a rare disease, especially concerning their satisfaction with the German dental health care system, and thus asses...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,778 Views
13 Pages

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in a Paediatric Population in the Dominican Republic

  • David Ribas-Perez,
  • Carlos Muñoz-Viveros,
  • Angel Luis Formoso-Veloso,
  • Francisco Jesus Carrillo-Sanchez,
  • Luis El Khoury-Moreno,
  • Julio Torrejon-Martinez and
  • Antonio Castaño-Seiquer

23 April 2024

Introduction: During the summer of 2019 and within the framework of a social dentistry program carried out in the low-income town of San Francisco de Macorís (Dominican Republic), a descriptive study was carried out on oral health-related qual...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,683 Views
10 Pages

The Influence of Friction on Design of the Type of Bracket and Its Relation to OHRQoL in Patients Who Use Multi-Bracket Appliances: A Randomized Clinical Trial

  • Adriana González-Sáez,
  • Laura Antonio-Zancajo,
  • Javier Montero,
  • Alberto Albaladejo,
  • María Melo,
  • Daniele Garcovich and
  • Alfonso Alvarado-Lorenzo

17 February 2021

Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of friction on design of the type of bracket, patients’ perception of pain and the impact on their oral health-related quality of life. Materials and Methods: A randomized...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,470 Views
15 Pages

Oral Health, Health Service Utilization, and Age at Arrival to the U.S. among Safety Net Patients

  • Sarah E. Raskin,
  • R. Rasnick,
  • Tatiana Kohlmann,
  • Martin Zanin,
  • Julie Bilodeau and
  • Aderonke Akinkugbe

Background: Immigrants’ oral health disparities have not been adequately investigated using a lifecourse approach, which investigates the cumulative effects of risk and protective exposures among other considerations. Methods: We examined self-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,123 Views
18 Pages

Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) can be used as a generic or condition-specific oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) instrument. It offers different contexts on how dental conditions affect OHRQoL. This cross-sectional study aimed to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,299 Views
10 Pages

Significance of Non-Statistically Significant Results in the Prediction of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Orthodontic Patients: A Survey Using Two Linking Questionnaires

  • Peerapong Santiwong,
  • Kantrakorn Dutsadeeviroj,
  • Kittithad Potchanarungvakul,
  • Thanpat Leartchotikul,
  • Thanachot Jiwsiritrakul and
  • Kawin Sipiyaruk

Patients with a fixed orthodontic appliance may have difficulties in maintaining good oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and evaluating self-perceived OHRQoL in orthodontic patients could be challenging for their orthodontists. Therefore,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,900 Views
13 Pages

4 March 2022

Objectives: Aim of this systematic review was to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients after stroke. Methods: The systematic literature search was performed on December 2021 based on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Scop...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,437 Views
12 Pages

Assessing the Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Dental Prosthetics: A Cross-Sectional Study from Eastern Croatia

  • Ingrid Kovačević,
  • Ivana Barać,
  • Katarina Major Poljak,
  • Slavko Čandrlić and
  • Marija Čandrlić

7 February 2025

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among patients with fixed, removable, and combined dental prosthetic restorations in Osijek, Croatia, focusing on potential variations by gender...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,150 Views
8 Pages

Association Between the Two-Year Trajectories of Dental Anxiety and the Changes in the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Parents of FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study

  • Lily Yang,
  • Auli Suominen,
  • Katri Palo,
  • Eeva-Leena Kataja,
  • Vesa Pohjola,
  • Mika Ogawa,
  • Linnea Karlsson,
  • Hasse Karlsson,
  • Eero Laakkonen and
  • Satu Lahti

6 December 2024

Objectives: We evaluated associations between changes in dental anxiety and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Methods: Two-year dental anxiety trajectories measured with Modified Dental Anxie...

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