Selective Nerve Root Block (SNRB) is a precise local injection technique that can be utilised to target a particular inflamed nerve root causing lumbar radiculopathy for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Usually, for SNRB to be therapeutic, a...
The field of anesthesia has always been at the forefront of innovation and technology, and the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents the next frontier in anesthesia care. The use of AI and its subtypes, such as machine learning, has...
(1) Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare on all levels. While AI shows immense potential, the clinical implementation is lagging. We present a concise review of AI in surgical learning; (2) Methods: A non-systematic rev...
The laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair (IPOM) approach has become the most widely adopted technique in the last decade. The role of laparoscopic IPOM in the last years has been resizing due to several limitations. The aim of the present s...
Background: Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is a rare necrotising soft tissue infection localised in the genital areas with possible dramatic outcomes. Recently, sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were identified as a risk factor. Methods: W...
As medicine becomes more complex, there is pressure for new and more innovative educational methods. Given the economic burden associated with in-person simulation, healthcare, including the realm of surgical education, has begun employing virtual re...
Breast implant illness refers to a combination of different symptoms related to breast implant surgery, including fatigue, brain fog, and arthralgias. This malaise occurs after cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgeries, although it has not been pr...
Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to compare the survival rates of zirconia and titanium dental implants, by evaluating the most recent scientific evidence, in order to comprehend the behaviour of zirconia implants as an alternative to...
Background: Ventricular peritoneal shunting (VPS) is a frequent procedure in neurosurgery, unfortunately still burdened with a significant rate of complications. The frontal Kocher’s point is the most frequently used landmark for ventricular pu...
Background: Wilms tumor (or nephroblastoma) is a malignant and solid neoplasm that derives from the primitive renal bud. It represents the most frequent primary tumor of the urogenital tract in childhood, and treatment consists of surgery and chemo-r...
While anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) has been considered the gold standard for ACL tears, renewed interest in ACL repair has emerged. This review aims to examine the current knowledge regarding ACL repair. A comprehensive literatur...
During the preclinical research process, multiple factors can be difficult to implement without the careful consideration and planning of each step. As research has become more advanced with the use of increasingly complex technology, animal models h...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections in children, occurring both in children with normal urinary tracts and in ones with urinary tract abnormalities. Children with UTIs can present relevant clinical symptoms and ri...
Background: Fibrinogen is a substrate for blood clots formation. In cardiac surgery, a number of different mechanisms lead to a decrease in fibrinogen levels and consequent impaired haemostasis. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are therefore frequ...
Decompressive craniotomy is a neurosurgical emergency procedure in which a large skull bone is removed and the dura matter is extensively opened. Duraplasty is required to avoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage during the decompressive craniotomy. D...
The understanding of mediastinal anatomy represents a real challenge because of the vital structures inside it and due to its complex relationships with surrounding anatomical regions. Human anatomical specimens are always used both for the teaching...
Sexual dysfunction following abdominal or pelvic surgery is a significant concern that impacts the quality of life (QoL) for both men and women. This paper explores the multifaceted challenges and re-educational strategies associated with post-surgic...
Patellar sleeve fractures, though relatively rare, present unique challenges in diagnosis and management. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of patellar sleeve fractures, focusing on their epidemiology,...
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening soft-tissue infection affecting the deep fascia and subcutaneous tissue. It is characterized by a fulminant course and high mortality rates. NF of the head and neck is very rare, with most cases being...
The skin is crucial for homeostasis and body defense, requiring quick healing to maintain internal balance. Initially used for bone repair, calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) is now being studied for soft tissue engineering. This literature review investig...
Lip augmentation procedures have become gradually more popular and common due to cultural tendencies and an increasing association of the appearance of the lips with both beauty and youth. Different dermal fillers have been proposed for lip augmentat...
Compressive neuropathies of the forearm are common and involve structures innervated by the median, ulnar, and radial nerves. A thorough patient history, occupational history, and physical examination can aid diagnosis. Electromyography, X-ray, and M...
This study explores the innovative use of CO2 laser technology in frenuloplasty, a significant shift from classic methods like scalpel surgery or electrocautery towards a minimally invasive approach. The research involved 15 patients aged 25 to 50, u...
Despite the advancements in evidence-based medicine, many hospitals still maintain high rates of patients undergoing prolonged preoperative fasting. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of prolonged fasting time among patients underg...
Oncological surgery, obstetric haemorrhage and severe trauma are the most challenging conditions for establishing clinical recommendations for the use of cell salvage. When the likelihood of allogeneic transfusion is high, the intraoperative use of t...
Objective: The goal of this systematic review was to identify the mechanisms associated with the enzymatic degradation of collagen and gelatin biomaterials and the possible associated flaws. Methods: Four databases (PubMed, B-On, Cochrane Library, an...
Objective: the superior attachment of the uncinate process (SAUP) is highly variable. Lateral types of SAUP are associated with frontal rhinosinusitis. SAUP in the middle turbinate is more common when the middle turbinate is aerated. We aim to refine...
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common adolescent hip disorder in children 9–15 years old with an incidence that ranges from 0.33:100,000 to 24.58:100,000. Idiopathic SCFE is strongly associated with obesity, while atypical...
Background: Crown lengthening (CL) in esthetic areas has become a versatile procedure with applications in many clinical situations. Knowledge concerning different periodontal phenotypes, and the supracrestal tissue attachment (STA)—former biol...
Objective: This systematic review was carried out with the primary objective of verifying which suture (polyamide or silk) of two non-resorbable suture materials with different structures had better/greater tensile strength/resistance to tension, the...
Warthin’s tumor (WT) is the second most common benign tumor of the parotid gland. Located almost exclusively in the parotid gland and presenting a slow growth rate, WT usually does not exceed 4 cm and rarely benefits from early surgical treatment. Th...
Background/Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses that significantly impact patients’ quality of life and imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems and s...
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. The liver is the most common site of metastasis with 15 to 25% of patients presenting with synchronous colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). This study is aimed at eval...
Background: Caecal volvulus (CV) is an uncommon cause of large bowel obstruction with potential for complications such as ischaemia and perforation. Prompt diagnosis and treatment only will ensure better outcomes. We aim to describe our experience in...
Meralgia paresthetica is a compressive neuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Surgery is the gold standard for severe cases. However, no high-quality evidence exists on which strategy is best: decompression or neurectomy. Data of a consec...
Lumbosacral transition vertebra (LSTV) is a common occurrence and its prevalence ranges from 2.6% to 35.6%. Our aim is to study this phenomenon in the adult Singaporean population and assess the level of degeneration of the suprajacent disc in those...
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected over one hundred million people worldwide and has resulted in over two million deaths. In addition to the toll that coronavirus takes on the health of humans infected with the virus and the potential l...
Background: Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic medication often used to prevent hemorrhage. The dosage and route of administration can vary depending on specialty and indication, although one of the most common routes includes intravenous applica...
Tracheobronchial injuries are rare but potentially high-impact events with significant morbidity and mortality. Common etiologies include blunt or penetrating trauma, often combined with various complex injuries, while iatrogenic injury usually occur...
This systematic review aimed to identify, evaluate, and summarize the results of relevant studies on radicular prominence and its relationship with gingival recessions. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Reviews an...
Background: Third molar (M3) removal is considered one of the most frequent oral surgical procedures worldwide. Indications for extraction include both prophylactic and therapeutic reasons. However, this does not come without complications, and despi...
Punch incision is an alternative to elliptical excision for treating epidermal inclusion cysts, but its efficacy has not been systematically reviewed. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of punch incision versus elliptical excision for epider...
Background/Objectives: Scalp defect reconstruction often poses a challenge due to the distinct anatomy and limited skin elasticity of the region. Rotational flaps, when properly planned, offer a superior and creative solution for effectively covering...
Background: Iatrogenic nerve injuries (NIs) are an under-recognized complication of urological surgery. Though less common than vascular or organ damage, they may cause lasting sensory and motor deficits, significantly affecting patients’ quali...
Open total cranial vault reconstruction (CVR) is the common procedure in managing craniosynostosis, yet more techniques have been introduced as alternatives, namely endoscopic suturectomy (ES), endoscopy-assisted craniectomy (EC), spring-assisted sur...
Background/Objectives: Significant weight loss, whether through bariatric surgery or medication-assisted approaches, presents unique challenges for body contouring procedures. A thorough preoperative evaluation is essential to optimize outcomes and m...
Background and Objective: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral stricture (US) are common causes of lower urinary tract symptoms in ageing men, often requiring repeated interventions. Conventional treatments of US, such as urethrotomy and m...
Background: Oral wound healing in the aging population is a multifaceted issue requiring a comprehensive approach, considering the physiological changes that come with aging and the frequent presence of comorbidities. Methods: This descriptive review...
Background: BCI and AI-driven image segmentation are revolutionizing precision neurosurgery by enhancing surgical accuracy, reducing human error, and improving patient outcomes. Methods: This systematic review explores the integration of AI technique...
Background: This study evaluated the performance of machine learning models trained on two different datasets of knee X-ray images annotated with Kellgren–Lawrence grades. Methods: Learning curves indicated that one model experienced poor train...
