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Volume 6
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10.3390/surgeries6030069
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Topical Tranexamic Acid Use Amongst Surgical Specialties: A Narrative Review

by
Randilu Amarasinghe
1,
Mohammad Sunoqrot
2,
Samita Islam
1,
Medha Gaddam
1,
Mona Keivan
3,
Jaclyn Phillips
3 and
Homa K. Ahmadzia
2,3,*
1
School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, VA 22042, USA
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC 20052, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Surgeries 2025, 6(3), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries6030069
Submission received: 19 June 2025 / Revised: 28 July 2025 / Accepted: 31 July 2025 / Published: 6 August 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic medication often used to prevent hemorrhage. The dosage and route of administration can vary depending on specialty and indication, although one of the most common routes includes intravenous application. Other possible administration modalities include intramuscular and topical applications or irrigation. Although not the most common method, more research is emerging on the topical application of the drug to prevent bleeding. Methods: Specific search terms regarding the topical administration of tranexamic acid were input into PubMed and were reviewed via Covidence. Selected studies were stratified based on specialty (ears, nose, and throat; cardiology; plastic surgery; and orthopedics), and hematologic outcomes regarding tranexamic acid use were reviewed. Results: An evaluation of the studies demonstrated the feasibility of tranexamic acid in the topical form; however, it can depend on the specialty-specific indications. Each field utilizes unique procedures or surgeries, which can play a role in the effectiveness of the medication. Conclusions: While the current literature demonstrates the feasibility of tranexamic acid, further research is needed to understand its viability in other fields, such as obstetrics.
Keywords: tranexamic acid (TXA); topical application; hemorrhage; prophylaxis tranexamic acid (TXA); topical application; hemorrhage; prophylaxis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Amarasinghe, R.; Sunoqrot, M.; Islam, S.; Gaddam, M.; Keivan, M.; Phillips, J.; Ahmadzia, H.K. Topical Tranexamic Acid Use Amongst Surgical Specialties: A Narrative Review. Surgeries 2025, 6, 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries6030069

AMA Style

Amarasinghe R, Sunoqrot M, Islam S, Gaddam M, Keivan M, Phillips J, Ahmadzia HK. Topical Tranexamic Acid Use Amongst Surgical Specialties: A Narrative Review. Surgeries. 2025; 6(3):69. https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries6030069

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amarasinghe, Randilu, Mohammad Sunoqrot, Samita Islam, Medha Gaddam, Mona Keivan, Jaclyn Phillips, and Homa K. Ahmadzia. 2025. "Topical Tranexamic Acid Use Amongst Surgical Specialties: A Narrative Review" Surgeries 6, no. 3: 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries6030069

APA Style

Amarasinghe, R., Sunoqrot, M., Islam, S., Gaddam, M., Keivan, M., Phillips, J., & Ahmadzia, H. K. (2025). Topical Tranexamic Acid Use Amongst Surgical Specialties: A Narrative Review. Surgeries, 6(3), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries6030069

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