Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Bridging Inflammation and Immune Regulation

Dear Colleagues,

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids obtained through diet or supplementation exert important regulatory effects on immune function and inflammatory processes. In particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—abundant in oily fish and fish-oil-derived products—can attenuate multiple stages of the inflammatory cascade. These actions include the partial suppression of leukocyte chemotaxis, modulation of adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte–endothelial interactions, and reduced synthesis of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, as well as diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the enzymatic conversion of EPA and DHA into specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), including resolvins, protectins, and maresins, has uncovered the intricate biochemical pathways responsible for actively orchestrating the resolution of inflammation and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Despite substantial progress, many aspects of omega-3 biology remain insufficiently understood, particularly regarding inter-individual variability, dose–response relationships, and translational applications in inflammation-driven diseases.

This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advances in understanding the multifaceted roles of omega-3 fatty acids in modulating inflammatory processes and immune function. We invite the submission of original research and review articles that investigate the molecular mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and public health implications of omega-3s. We welcome a wide range of contributions addressing how omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites shape immune cell behavior, regulate inflammatory pathways, and contribute to health promotion and disease mitigation. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: mechanistic and molecular insights, their impact on immune cell function, the resolution of inflammation, interactions with the gut microbiome, and their therapeutic potential in autoimmune, metabolic, and chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies addressing emerging areas such as omega-3–microbiome interactions, innovative delivery systems, and pro-resolving therapeutic strategies are particularly encouraged. The goal is to provide a comprehensive resource that bridges foundational science with translational and clinical applications.

Dr. Lídia Pinheiro
Dr. Noelia Duarte
Guest Editors

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