Journal Description
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials
is an international, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal, published semimonthly online by MDPI. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. The Spanish Carbon Group (GEC) is affiliated with Nanomaterials and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Physics, Applied) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Chemical Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journals for Nanomaterials include: Nanomanufacturing and Applied Nano.
Impact Factor:
5.3 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure of Carbon Shell-Encapsulated Pt Nanoparticles for Fuel Cells
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110924 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted much attention as highly efficient, eco-friendly energy conversion devices. However, carbon-supported Pt (Pt/C) catalysts for PEMFCs still have several problems, such as low long-term stability, to be widely commercialized in fuel cell applications. To address
[...] Read more.
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted much attention as highly efficient, eco-friendly energy conversion devices. However, carbon-supported Pt (Pt/C) catalysts for PEMFCs still have several problems, such as low long-term stability, to be widely commercialized in fuel cell applications. To address the stability issues of Pt/C such as the dissolution, detachment, and agglomeration of Pt nanoparticles under harsh operating conditions, we design an interesting fabrication process to produce a highly active and durable Pt catalyst by introducing a robust carbon shell on the Pt surface. Furthermore, this approach provides insights into how to regulate the carbon shell layer for fuel cell applications. Through the application of an appropriate amount of H2 gas during heat treatment, the carbon shell pores, which are integral to the structure, can be systematically modulated to facilitate oxygen adsorption for the oxygen reduction reaction. Simultaneously, the carbon shell functions as a protective barrier, preventing catalyst degradation. In this regard, we investigate an in-depth analysis of the effects of critical parameters including H2 content and the flow rate of H2/N2 mixed gas during heat treatment to prepare better catalysts.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructure-Based Energy Electrocatalysis)
►
Show Figures
Open AccessArticle
A Bulk Oxygen Vacancy Dominating WO3−x Photocatalyst for Carbamazepine Degradation
by
Weiqing Guo, Qianhui Wei, Gangrong Li, Feng Wei and Zhuofeng Hu
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110923 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Creating oxygen vacancy in tungsten trioxide (WO3) has been considered as an effective strategy to improve the photocatalytic performance for degrading organic pollutants. In this study, oxygen vacancies were introduced into WO3 by thermal treatment under Ar atmosphere and their
[...] Read more.
Creating oxygen vacancy in tungsten trioxide (WO3) has been considered as an effective strategy to improve the photocatalytic performance for degrading organic pollutants. In this study, oxygen vacancies were introduced into WO3 by thermal treatment under Ar atmosphere and their proportion was changed by setting different treatment times. WO3−x samples show better photoelectric properties and photocatalytic degradation performance for carbamazepine (CBZ) than an oxygen-vacancy-free sample, and WO3−x with the optimal proportion of oxygen vacancies is obtained by thermal treatment for 3 h in 550 °C. Furthermore, it discovers that the surface oxygen vacancies on WO3−x would be recovered when it is exposed to air, resulting in a bulk oxygen vacancy dominating WO3−x (bulk-WO3−x). The bulk-WO3−x exhibited much higher degradation efficiency for CBZ than WO3−x with both surface and bulk oxygen vacancies. The mechanism study shows bulk-WO3−x mainly degrades the CBZ by producing OH radicals and superoxide radicals, while oxygen-vacancy-free sample mainly oxidizes the CBZ by the photoexcited hole, which requires the CBZ to be adsorbed on the surface for degradation. The radical generated by bulk-WO3−x exhibits stronger oxidizing capacity by migrating to the solution for CBZ degradation. In summary, the influence of oxygen vacancy on photocatalytic degradation performance depends on both the proportion and location distribution and could lie in the optimization of the photodegradation mechanism. The results of this study could potentially broaden our understanding of the role of oxygen vacancies and provide optimal directions and methods for oxygen vacancy regulation for photocatalysts.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Nanosensors in Energy and Environment)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Stability of Graphene/Nafion Composite in PEM FC Electrodes
by
Anna O. Krasnova, Nadezhda V. Glebova, Angelina G. Kastsova, Anna O. Pelageikina, Alexey V. Redkov, Maria V. Tomkovich and Andrey A. Nechitailov
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 922; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110922 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Ensuring the stable operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is conducive to their real-world application. A promising direction for stabilizing electrodes is the stabilization of the ionomer via the formation of surface compounds with graphene. A comprehensive study of the (electrochemical, chemical,
[...] Read more.
Ensuring the stable operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is conducive to their real-world application. A promising direction for stabilizing electrodes is the stabilization of the ionomer via the formation of surface compounds with graphene. A comprehensive study of the (electrochemical, chemical, and thermal) stability of composites for fuel cell electrodes containing a modifying additive of few-layer graphene was carried out. Electrochemical stability was studied by cycling the potential on a disk electrode for 5000 cycles. Chemical stability was assessed via the resistance of the composites to H2O2 treatment using ion-selective potentiometry. Thermal stability was studied using differential thermal analysis. Composites were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, EDX, and SEM. It was shown that graphene inhibits Nafion degradation when exposed to heat. Contrariwise, Nafion is corrosive to graphene. During electrochemical and chemical exposure, the determining change for carbon-rich composites is the carbon loss (oxidation) of the carbon material. In the case of carbon-poor composites, the removal of fluorine and sulfur from the Nafion polymer with their partial replacement by oxygen prevails. In all cases, the F/S ratio is stable. The dispersity of Nafion in a sample affects its chemical stability more than the G/Nafion ratio does.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials Applied to Fuel Cells and Catalysts)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Metal–Support Interaction in Pt Nanodisk–Carbon Nitride Catalyst: Insight from Theory and Experiment
by
Esmail Doustkhah, Ahmed Kotb, Timuçin Balkan and Mohammad Hussein Naseef Assadi
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110921 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Metal–support interaction plays a critical role in determining the eventual catalytic activity of metals loaded on supporting substrates. This interaction can sometimes cause a significant drop in the metallic property of the loaded metal and, hence, a drop in catalytic activity in the
[...] Read more.
Metal–support interaction plays a critical role in determining the eventual catalytic activity of metals loaded on supporting substrates. This interaction can sometimes cause a significant drop in the metallic property of the loaded metal and, hence, a drop in catalytic activity in the reactions, especially in those for which low charge carrier transfer resistance is a necessary parameter. Therefore, there should be a case-by-case experimental or theoretical (or both) in-depth investigation to understand the role of support on each metal. Here, onto a layered porous carbon nitride (g-CN), we grew single crystalline Pt nanodisks (Pt@g-CN) with a lateral average size of 21 nm, followed by various characterisations such as electron microscopy techniques, and the measurement of electrocatalytic activity in the O2 reduction reaction (ORR). We found that intercalating Pt nanodisks in the g-CN interlayers causes an increase in electrocatalytic activity. We investigated the bonding mechanism between carbon support and platinum using density functional theory and applied the d-band theory to understand the catalytic performance. Analysis of Pt’s density of states and electronic population across layers sheds light on the catalytic behaviour of Pt nanoparticles, particularly in relation to their thickness and proximity to the g-CN support interface. Our simulation reveals an optimum thickness of ~11 Å, under which the catalytic performance deteriorates.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Application)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Fabrication and Enhanced Performance Evaluation of TiO2@Zn/Al-LDH for DSSC Application: The Influence of Post-Processing Temperature
by
Altaf Hussain Rajpar, Mohamed Bashir Ali Bashir, Ethar Yahya Salih and Emad M. Ahmed
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110920 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
A sequence of dye-sensitized solar cells is proposed, utilizing TiO2@Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) as their starting materials, in which Ruthenizer N719 was used as a photon absorber. The anticipated system was turned into sheet-like TiO2@mixed metal oxide (MMO) via
[...] Read more.
A sequence of dye-sensitized solar cells is proposed, utilizing TiO2@Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) as their starting materials, in which Ruthenizer N719 was used as a photon absorber. The anticipated system was turned into sheet-like TiO2@mixed metal oxide (MMO) via post-processing treatment. The crystal quality indicated a relation to power conversion efficiency (PCE); this was combined with a comparable morphology profile. In detail, the optimum DSSC device exhibited average sheet-like thickness and a dye loading amount of 43.11 nm and 4.28 mM/cm−2, respectively. Concurrently, a considerable PCE enhancement of the optimum DSSC device (TiO2@MMO-550°) was attained compared to pristine MMO (0.91%), which could be due to boosted electron transfer efficiency. Of the fabricated devices, DSSC fabricated at 550° exhibited the highest PCE (1.91%), with a 35.6% enhancement compared to that obtained at 450°, as a result of its increased open-circuit voltage (3.29 mA/cm2) and short-circuit current (0.81 V). The proposed work delivers an enhanced efficiency as compared to similar geometries.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Layered Nanomaterials and Heterostructures for Electronics, Optoelectronics and Sensing)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Controllable Pseudospin Topological Add-Drop Filter Based on Magnetic–Optical Photonic Crystals
by
Chao Yan, Yuhao Huang, Zhi-Yuan Li and Wenyao Liang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 919; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110919 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
We propose a controllable topological add-drop filter based on magnetic–optical photonic crystals. This add-drop filter is composed of two straight waveguides and a hexagonal photonic crystal ring resonator. The waveguide and ring resonator are constructed by three different honeycomb magnetic–optical photonic crystals. The
[...] Read more.
We propose a controllable topological add-drop filter based on magnetic–optical photonic crystals. This add-drop filter is composed of two straight waveguides and a hexagonal photonic crystal ring resonator. The waveguide and ring resonator are constructed by three different honeycomb magnetic–optical photonic crystals. The expanded lattice is applied with an external magnetic field so that it breaks time-reversal symmetry and the analogous quantum spin Hall effect simultaneously. While the standard one and the compressed one are not magnetized and trivial, the straight waveguide supports pseudospin-down (or pseudospin-up) one-way states when the expanded lattice is applied with an external magnetic field of +H (or −H). The ring resonator possesses multiple resonant modes which can be divided into travelling modes and standing modes. By using the travelling modes, we have demonstrated the function of the add-drop filter and realized the output port control by changing the direction of the magnetic field. Moreover, a large tunable power ratio from near 0 to 52.6 is achieved by adjusting the strength of the external magnetic field. The structure has strong robustness against defects due to the topological protection property. These results have potential in wavelength division multiplexing systems and integrated topological optical devices.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Innovative Devices Using New-Emerging Micro and Nano Technologies)
Open AccessReview
Research Progress of Single-Photon Emitters Based on Two-Dimensional Materials
by
Chengzhi Zhang, Zehuizi Gong, Dawei He, Yige Yan, Songze Li, Kun Zhao, Jiarong Wang, Yongsheng Wang and Xiaoxian Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 918; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110918 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
From quantum communications to quantum computing, single-photon emitters (SPEs) are essential components of numerous quantum technologies. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have especially been found to be highly attractive for the research into nanoscale light–matter interactions. In particular, localized photonic states at their surfaces have
[...] Read more.
From quantum communications to quantum computing, single-photon emitters (SPEs) are essential components of numerous quantum technologies. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have especially been found to be highly attractive for the research into nanoscale light–matter interactions. In particular, localized photonic states at their surfaces have attracted great attention due to their enormous potential applications in quantum optics. Recently, SPEs have been achieved in various 2D materials, while the challenges still remain. This paper reviews the recent research progress on these SPEs based on various 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and twisted-angle 2D materials. Additionally, we summarized the strategies to create, position, enhance, and tune the emission wavelength of these emitters by introducing external fields into these 2D system. For example, pronounced enhancement of the SPEs’ properties can be achieved by coupling with external fields, such as the plasmonic field, and by locating in optical microcavities. Finally, this paper also discusses current challenges and offers perspectives that could further stimulate scientific research in this field. These emitters, due to their unique physical properties and integration potential, are highly appealing for applications in quantum information and communication, as well as other physical and technological fields.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optoelectronic Functional Nanomaterials and Devices)
Open AccessArticle
Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Halogen Bonding Interactions Involving Fentanyl and Fentanyl Derivatives
by
Molly M. Sherard, Jamie S. Kaplan, Jeffrey H. Simpson, Kevin W. Kittredge and Michael C. Leopold
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 917; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110917 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
Fentanyl (FTN) and synthetic analogs of FTN continue to ravage populations across the globe, including in the United States where opioids are increasingly being used and abused and are causing a staggering and growing number of overdose deaths each year. This growing pandemic
[...] Read more.
Fentanyl (FTN) and synthetic analogs of FTN continue to ravage populations across the globe, including in the United States where opioids are increasingly being used and abused and are causing a staggering and growing number of overdose deaths each year. This growing pandemic is worsened by the ease with which FTN can be derivatized into numerous derivatives. Understanding the chemical properties/behaviors of the FTN class of compounds is critical for developing effective chemical detection schemes using nanoparticles (NPs) to optimize important chemical interactions. Halogen bonding (XB) is an intermolecular interaction between a polarized halogen atom on a molecule and e−-rich sites on another molecule, the latter of which is present at two or more sites on most fentanyl-type structures. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to identify these XB acceptor sites on different FTN derivatives. The high toxicity of these compounds necessitated a “fragmentation” strategy where smaller, non-toxic molecules resembling parts of the opioids acted as mimics of XB acceptor sites present on intact FTN and its derivatives. DFT of the fragments’ interactions informed solution measurements of XB using 19F NMR titrations as well as electrochemical measurements of XB at self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified electrodes featuring XB donor ligands. Gold NPs, known as monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs), were also functionalized with strong XB donor ligands and assembled into films, and their interactions with FTN “fragments” were studied using voltammetry. Ultimately, spectroscopy and TEM analysis were combined to study whole-molecule FTN interactions with the functionalized MPCs in solution. The results suggested that the strongest XB interaction site on FTN, while common to most of the drug’s derivatives, is not strong enough to induce NP-aggregation detection but may be better exploited in sensing schemes involving films.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Applications of Gold Nanoparticles: 2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Low Temperature (Down to 6 K) and Quantum Transport Characteristics of Stacked Nanosheet Transistors with a High-K/Metal Gate-Last Process
by
Xiaohui Zhu, Lei Cao, Guilei Wang and Huaxiang Yin
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 916; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110916 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
Silicon qubits based on specific SOI FinFETs and nanowire (NW) transistors have demonstrated promising quantum properties and the potential application of advanced Si CMOS devices for future quantum computing. In this paper, for the first time, the quantum transport characteristics for the next-generation
[...] Read more.
Silicon qubits based on specific SOI FinFETs and nanowire (NW) transistors have demonstrated promising quantum properties and the potential application of advanced Si CMOS devices for future quantum computing. In this paper, for the first time, the quantum transport characteristics for the next-generation transistor structure of a stack nanosheet (NS) FET and the innovative structure of a fishbone FET are explored. Clear structures are observed by TEM, and their low-temperature characteristics are also measured down to 6 K. Consistent with theoretical predictions, greatly enhanced switching behavior characterized by the reduction of off-state leakage current by one order of magnitude at 6 K and a linear decrease in the threshold voltage with decreasing temperature is observed. A quantum ballistic transport, particularly notable at shorter gate lengths and lower temperatures, is also observed, as well as an additional bias of about 1.3 mV at zero bias due to the asymmetric barrier. Additionally, fishbone FETs, produced by the incomplete nanosheet release in NSFETs, exhibit similar electrical characteristics but with degraded quantum transport due to additional SiGe channels. These can be improved by adjusting the ratio of the channel cross-sectional areas to match the dielectric constants.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation, Modification and Devices Based on Low-Dimensional Materials)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessCommunication
Observation of Linear Magnetoresistance in MoO2
by
Yulong Su, Zhibin He, Ruizheng Jiang and Jundong Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 915; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110915 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
Magnetoresistance, the change in resistance with applied magnetic fields, is crucial to the magnetic sensor technology. Linear magnetoresistance has been intensively studied in semimetals and semiconductors. However, the air-stable oxides with a large linear magnetoresistance are highly desirable but remain to be fully
[...] Read more.
Magnetoresistance, the change in resistance with applied magnetic fields, is crucial to the magnetic sensor technology. Linear magnetoresistance has been intensively studied in semimetals and semiconductors. However, the air-stable oxides with a large linear magnetoresistance are highly desirable but remain to be fully explored. In this paper, we report the direct observation of linear magnetoresistance in polycrystalline MoO2 without any sign of saturation up to 7 T under 50 K. Interestingly, the linear magnetoresistance reaches as large as 1500% under 7 T at 2 K. The linear field dependence is in great contrast to the parabolic behavior observed in single-crystal MoO2, probably due to phonon scattering near the grain boundaries. Our results pave the way to comprehending magneto-transport behavior in oxides and their potential applications in magnetic sensors.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation, Characterization, Properties, Simulation, and Applications of Nanostructured Materials)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Terahertz VO2-Based Dynamic Coding Metasurface for Dual-Polarized, Dual-Band, and Wide-Angle RCS Reduction
by
Ling Wang, Feng Gao, Shuhua Teng, Tiantian Guo, Chenggao Luo and Yang Zeng
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 914; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110914 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
With the rapid development of terahertz radar technology, the electromagnetic device for terahertz radar cross-section (RCS) reduction is worth investigating. However, the existing research concentrates on the RCS reduction metasurface with fixed performance working in the microwave band. This paper proposes a terahertz
[...] Read more.
With the rapid development of terahertz radar technology, the electromagnetic device for terahertz radar cross-section (RCS) reduction is worth investigating. However, the existing research concentrates on the RCS reduction metasurface with fixed performance working in the microwave band. This paper proposes a terahertz dynamic coding metasurface integrated with vanadium dioxide (VO2) for dual-polarized, dual-band, and wide-angle RCS reduction. The simulation result indicates that by switching the state of the VO2 between insulator and metal, the metasurface can realize the effective RCS reduction at 0.18 THz to 0.24 THz and 0.21 THz to 0.39 THz under the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized incident waves. When the polar and azimuth angles of the incident wave vary from 0° to 40° and 0° to 360° respectively, this metasurface can maintain a 10 dB RCS reduction. This work has potential value in the terahertz stealth field.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Photonic Metasurfaces and Metastructures)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Effects of Multiple Stressors, Pristine or Sulfidized Silver Nanomaterials, and a Pathogen on a Model Soil Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
by
Jarad P. Cochran, Phocheng Ngy, Jason M. Unrine, Christopher J. Matocha and Olga V. Tsyusko
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 913; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110913 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
Previous research using the model soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has revealed that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and their transformed counterpart, sulfidized AgNP (sAgNP), reduce their reproduction and survival. To expand our understanding of the environmental consequences of released NP, we examined the synergistic/antagonistic effects
[...] Read more.
Previous research using the model soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has revealed that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and their transformed counterpart, sulfidized AgNP (sAgNP), reduce their reproduction and survival. To expand our understanding of the environmental consequences of released NP, we examined the synergistic/antagonistic effects of AgNP and sAgNP along with AgNO3 (ionic control) on C. elegans infected with the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. Individual exposures to each stressor significantly decreased nematode reproduction compared to controls. Combined exposures to equitoxic EC30 concentrations of two stressors, Ag in nanoparticulate (AgNP or sAgNP) or ionic form and the pathogen K. pneumoniae, showed a decline in the reproduction that was not significantly different compared to individual exposures of each of the stressors. The lack of enhanced toxicity after simultaneous combined exposure is partially due to Ag decreasing K. pneumoniae pathogenicity by inhibiting biofilm production outside the nematode and significantly reducing viable pathogens inside the host. Taken together, our results indicate that by hindering the ability of K. pneumoniae to colonize the nematode’s intestine, Ag reduces K. pneumoniae pathogenicity regardless of Ag form. These results differ from our previous research where simultaneous exposure to zinc oxide (ZnO) NP and K. pneumoniae led to a reproduction level that was not significantly different from the controls.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity Evaluation of Nanoparticles: 2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Determination of Photothermal and EMI Shielding Efficiency of Graphene–Silver Nanoparticle Composites Prepared under Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation
by
Andjela Stefanović, Dejan Kepić, Miloš Momčilović, James L. Mead, Miroslav Huskić, Kamel Haddadi, Mohamed Sebbache, Biljana Todorović Marković and Svetlana Jovanović
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110912 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been produced by low-dose (1–20 kGy) gamma irradiation of silver nitrate in the presence of graphene-based material (graphene oxide or electrochemically exfoliated graphene). The large surface area of those graphene-based materials combined with the presence of oxygen-containing functional
[...] Read more.
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been produced by low-dose (1–20 kGy) gamma irradiation of silver nitrate in the presence of graphene-based material (graphene oxide or electrochemically exfoliated graphene). The large surface area of those graphene-based materials combined with the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface provided successful nucleation and growth of Ag nanoparticles, which resulted in a uniformly covered graphene surface. The obtained Ag nanoparticles were spherical with a predominant size distribution of 10–50 nm for graphene oxide and 10–100 nm for electrochemically exfoliated graphene. The photothermal efficiency measurement showed a temperature increase upon exposure to a 532 nm laser for all samples and the highest photothermal efficiency was measured for the graphene oxide/Ag NP sample prepared at 5 kGy. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency measurements showed poor shielding for the composites prepared with graphene oxide. On the other hand, all composites prepared with electrochemically exfoliated graphene showed EMI shielding to some extent, and the best performance was measured for the samples prepared at 5 and 20 kGy doses.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanocomposite Materials)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Carbon Nanotube Films with Fewer Impurities and Higher Conductivity from Aqueously Mono-Dispersed Solution via Two-Step Filtration for Electric Heating
by
Yingying Chu, Ling Sun, Jing Wang, Zhaoyang Han, Chenyu Wei, Changbao Han and Hui Yan
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110911 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
With the intensification of global climate problems, electric heating has recently attracted much attention as a clean and low-carbon heating method. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an ideal medium for electric heating applications due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. The preparation
[...] Read more.
With the intensification of global climate problems, electric heating has recently attracted much attention as a clean and low-carbon heating method. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an ideal medium for electric heating applications due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. The preparation of electrothermal films based on an aqueous CNT dispersion as a raw material is environmentally friendly. However, in the traditional one-step filtration method, the residual excess dispersant and the small aspect ratio of the CNTs in the preparation process limit the performance of electrothermal CNT films. In this paper, we report a two-step filtration method that removes the free dispersant and small CNTs in the first filtration step and obtains denser CNT films by controlling the pores of the filter membrane in the second filtration step. The results suggest that, compared to the CNT1 film obtained from one-step filtration, the CNT1-0.22 film, obtained from two-step filtration using 1 and 0.22 μm membranes, has a smoother and flatter surface, and the surface resistance is 80.0 Ω sq−1, which is 29.4% lower. The convective radiation conversion efficiency of the CNT1-0.22 film is 3.36 mW/°C, which is 36.1% lower. We anticipate that such CNT films could be widely applied in building thermal insulation and underfloor heating.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section 2D and Carbon Nanomaterials)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Impact of Nanoparticle Additions on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Ceramic Tiles Production
by
Euler L. Saavedra and Johann F. Osma
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110910 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The ceramic tile industry, with significant energy and material demands in its manufacturing processes, has employed technological innovations in energy efficiency, advanced equipment and tile thickness reduction to address these challenges. This study aimed to assess the impact of Ag2O, CuFe
[...] Read more.
The ceramic tile industry, with significant energy and material demands in its manufacturing processes, has employed technological innovations in energy efficiency, advanced equipment and tile thickness reduction to address these challenges. This study aimed to assess the impact of Ag2O, CuFe2O4, Fe3O4, and SiO2 nanoparticles (0%, 1%, and 5% by weight) on the mechanical strength, water absorption, and apparent thermal conductivity of ceramic tiles, as well as their capacity to reduce energy and raw material consumption. This reduction translates into a decrease in environmental impacts, which have been evaluated through life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology applied to the manufacturing processes. Nanoparticles (Ag2O, CuFe2O4, Fe3O4, and SiO2) were initially screened on TF clay (0%, 1%, 5% w/w), and the most effective were applied to CR1 and CR2 clays (0%, 1%, 5% w/w). Findings indicated a 32% increase in temperature gradient and a 16% improvement in flexural strength with the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticle at 1% (w/w) in TF clay. Furthermore, there was a potential 48% reduction in energy consumption, and up to 16% decrease in tile weight or thickness without affecting the flexural strength property of the test tiles. LCA results demonstrated that the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticle has potential reductions of up to 20% in environmental impacts. This study suggests that nanoparticle addition offers a viable alternative for reducing energy and material consumption in the ceramic tile industry. Future research should focus on assessing the economic impact of transitioning to a sustainable business model in the ceramic tile industry with nanoparticles addition.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical, Agricultural, and Environmental Applications: Prospects and Uncertainties)
Open AccessArticle
Algorithm-Based Linearly Graded Compositions of GeSn on GaAs (001) via Molecular Beam Epitaxy
by
Calbi Gunder, Mohammad Zamani-Alavijeh, Emmanuel Wangila, Fernando Maia de Oliveira, Aida Sheibani, Serhii Kryvyi, Paul C. Attwood, Yuriy I. Mazur, Shui-Qing Yu and Gregory J. Salamo
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110909 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The growth of high-composition GeSn films in the future will likely be guided by algorithms. In this study, we show how a logarithmic-based algorithm can be used to obtain high-quality GeSn compositions up to 16% on GaAs (001) substrates via molecular beam epitaxy.
[...] Read more.
The growth of high-composition GeSn films in the future will likely be guided by algorithms. In this study, we show how a logarithmic-based algorithm can be used to obtain high-quality GeSn compositions up to 16% on GaAs (001) substrates via molecular beam epitaxy. Herein, we use composition targeting and logarithmic Sn cell temperature control to achieve linearly graded pseudomorph Ge1−xSnx compositions up to 10% before partial relaxation of the structure and a continued gradient up to 16% GeSn. In this report, we use X-ray diffraction, simulation, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy to analyze and demonstrate some of the possible growths that can be produced with the enclosed algorithm. This methodology of growth is a major step forward in the field of GeSn development and the first ever demonstration of algorithmically driven, linearly graded GeSn films.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Structured Thin Films: Growth, Characteristics, and Application)
Open AccessArticle
Effects of Laser Treatment of Terbium-Doped Indium Oxide Thin Films and Transistors
by
Rihui Yao, Dingrong Liu, Nanhong Chen, Honglong Ning, Guoping Su, Yuexin Yang, Dongxiang Luo, Xianzhe Liu, Haoyan Chen, Muyun Li and Junbiao Peng
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110908 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
In this study, a KrF excimer laser with a high-absorption coefficient in metal oxide films and a wavelength of 248 nm was selected for the post-processing of a film and metal oxide thin film transistor (MOTFT). Due to the poor negative bias illumination
[...] Read more.
In this study, a KrF excimer laser with a high-absorption coefficient in metal oxide films and a wavelength of 248 nm was selected for the post-processing of a film and metal oxide thin film transistor (MOTFT). Due to the poor negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) stability of indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistor (IGZO-TFT) devices, terbium-doped Tb:In2O3 material was selected as the target of this study. The XPS test revealed the presence of both Tb3+ and Tb4+ ions in the Tb:In2O3 film. It was hypothesized that the peak of the laser thermal effect was reduced and the action time was prolonged by the f-f jump of Tb3+ ions and the C-T jump of Tb4+ ions during the laser treatment. Studies related to the treatment of Tb:In2O3 films with different laser energy densities have been carried out. It is shown that as the laser energy density increases, the film density increases, the thickness decreases, the carrier concentration increases, and the optical band gap widens. Terbium has a low electronegativity (1.1 eV) and a high Tb-O dissociation energy (707 kJ/mol), which brings about a large lattice distortion. The Tb:In2O3 films did not show significant crystallization even under laser energy density treatment of up to 250 mJ/cm2. Compared with pure In2O3-TFT, the doping of Tb ions effectively reduces the off-state current (1.16 × 10−11 A vs. 1.66 × 10−12 A), improves the switching current ratio (1.63 × 106 vs. 1.34 × 107) and improves the NBIS stability (ΔVON = −10.4 V vs. 6.4 V) and positive bias illumination stress (PBIS) stability (ΔVON = 8 V vs. 1.6 V).
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Structured Thin Films: Growth, Characteristics, and Application)
Open AccessArticle
Less Is More: Selective-Atom-Removal-Derived Defective MnOx Catalyst for Efficient Propane Oxidation
by
Wenfan Xu, Limei Zhou, Lining Liu, Huimei Duan, Haoxi Ben, Sheng Chen and Xingyun Li
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110907 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Defect manipulation in metal oxide is of great importance in boosting catalytic performance for propane oxidation. Herein, a selective atom removal strategy was developed to construct a defective manganese oxide catalyst, which involved the partial etching of a Mg dopant in MnOx
[...] Read more.
Defect manipulation in metal oxide is of great importance in boosting catalytic performance for propane oxidation. Herein, a selective atom removal strategy was developed to construct a defective manganese oxide catalyst, which involved the partial etching of a Mg dopant in MnOx. The resulting MgMnOx-H catalysts exhibited superior low-temperature catalytic activity (T50 = 185 °C, T90 = 226 °C) with a propane conversion rate of 0.29 μmol·gcat.−1·h−1 for the propane oxidation reaction, which is 4.8 times that of pristine MnOx. Meanwhile, a robust hydrothermal stability was guaranteed at 250 °C for 30 h of reaction time. The comprehensive experimental characterizations revealed that the catalytic performance improvement was closely related to the defective structures including the abundant (metal and oxygen) vacancies, distorted crystals, valence imbalance, etc., which prominently weakened the Mn-O bond and stimulated the mobility of surface lattice oxygen, leading to the elevation in the intrinsic oxidation activity. This work exemplifies the significance of defect engineering for the promotion of the oxidation ability of metal oxide, which will be valuable for the further development of efficient non-noble metal catalysts for propane oxidation.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated by Coumarin-Bound Copolymer for Enhanced Magneto- and Photothermal Heating and Luminescent Thermometry
by
Alexiane Féron, Sylvain Catrouillet, Saad Sene, Gautier Félix, Belkacem Tarek Benkhaled, Vincent Lapinte, Yannick Guari and Joulia Larionova
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110906 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
In this work, we report on the synthesis and investigation of new hybrid multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) coated by coumarin-bound copolymer, which combine magneto- or photothermal heating with luminescent thermometry. A series of amphiphilic block copolymers, including Coum-C11-PPhOx27-PMOx
[...] Read more.
In this work, we report on the synthesis and investigation of new hybrid multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) coated by coumarin-bound copolymer, which combine magneto- or photothermal heating with luminescent thermometry. A series of amphiphilic block copolymers, including Coum-C11-PPhOx27-PMOx59 and Coum-C11-PButOx8-PMOx42 bearing luminescent and photodimerizable coumarin moiety, as well as coumarin-free PPhOx27-PMOx57, were evaluated for their utility as luminescent thermometers and for encapsulating spherical 26 nm IONPs. The obtained IONP@Coum-C11-PPhOx27-PMOx59 nano-objects are perfectly dispersible in water and able to provide macroscopic heating remotely triggered by an alternating current magnetic field (AMF) with a specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 240 W.g−1 or laser irradiation with a photothermal conversion efficiency of η = 68%. On the other hand, they exhibit temperature-dependent emission of coumarin offering the function of luminescent thermometer, which operates in the visible region between 20 °C and 60 °C in water displaying a maximal relative thermal sensitivity (Sr) of 1.53%·°C−1 at 60 °C.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Luminescent Nanomaterials: Functional Design, Advantages, and Applications)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Improving the Conversion Ratio of QDSCs via the Passivation Effects of NiS
by
Edson Leroy Meyer and Mojeed Adedoyin Agoro
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(11), 905; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14110905 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
To revolutionize the photochemical efficiency of quantum dots sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) devices, herein, a passivation of the cells with multilayer material has been developed for heterojunctions TiO2/NiS/MnS/HI-30/Pt devices. In this study, NiS and MnS were deposited on a photoanode for
[...] Read more.
To revolutionize the photochemical efficiency of quantum dots sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) devices, herein, a passivation of the cells with multilayer material has been developed for heterojunctions TiO2/NiS/MnS/HI-30/Pt devices. In this study, NiS and MnS were deposited on a photoanode for the first time as passivated photon absorbers at room temperature. The adoption of NiS as a passisvative layer could tailor the active surface area and improve the photochemical properties of the newly modified cells. The vibrational shifts obtained from the Raman spectra imply that the energy change is influenced by the surface effect, giving rise to better electronic conductivity. The electrochemical stability and durability test for the N/M-3 device slows down and remains at 8.88% of its initial current after 3500 s, as compared to the N/M-1 device at 7.20%. The disparity in charge recombination implies that both the outer and inner parts of the nanoporous material are involved in the photogeneration reaction. The hybridized N/M-3 cell device reveals the highest current density with a low potential onset, indicating that power conversion occurs more easily because photons tend to be adsorbed easily on the surface of the MnS. The Nyquist plot for N/M-1 and N/M-3 promotes the faster transport of electrolytic ions across the TiO2/NiS/MnS, providing a good interaction for the electrolyte. The I-J Value of 9.94% shows that the passivation with the NiS layer promotes electron transport and enhances the performance of the modified cells. The passivation of the TiO2 layer with NiS attains a better power conversion efficiency among the scant studies so far on the surface passivation of QDSCs.
Full article
Figure 1
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Nanomaterials Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Society Collaborations
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Biomedicines, Cancers, JFB, Nanomaterials, Polymers
Advanced Functional Materials for Regenerative Medicine
Topic Editors: Antonino Morabito, Luca ValentiniDeadline: 6 June 2024
Topic in
Cancers, Cells, JCM, Radiation, Pharmaceutics, Applied Sciences, Nanomaterials, Current Oncology
Innovative Radiation Therapies
Topic Editors: Gérard Baldacchino, Eric Deutsch, Marie Dutreix, Sandrine Lacombe, Erika Porcel, Charlotte Robert, Emmanuelle Bourneuf, João Santos Sousa, Aurélien de la LandeDeadline: 30 June 2024
Topic in
Catalysts, Coatings, Crystals, Energies, Materials, Nanomaterials
Interfacial Bonding Design and Applications in Structural and Functional Materials
Topic Editors: Junlei Qi, Pengcheng Wang, Yaotian YanDeadline: 20 July 2024
Topic in
Analytica, Molecules, Nanomaterials, Polymers, Separations
Nanomaterials in Green Analytical Chemistry
Topic Editors: George Zachariadis, Rosa Peñalver, Natalia ManousiDeadline: 15 August 2024
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Nanomaterials
Modification Strategies on Engineering Electrocatalysts Related to Nanomaterials
Guest Editors: Xiaohang Zheng, Jinghuang Lin, Xijun Wei, Bao Liu, Qiang ZhangDeadline: 24 May 2024
Special Issue in
Nanomaterials
Hierarchical Nanostructured Materials for Multifunctional Applications
Guest Editor: Xusheng DuDeadline: 31 May 2024
Special Issue in
Nanomaterials
Transmission Electron Microscopy for Nanomaterials Research Advances
Guest Editors: Antonietta Taurino, Elvio CarlinoDeadline: 10 June 2024
Special Issue in
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials for Terahertz Technology Applications
Guest Editors: Xunjun He, Ying ZhangDeadline: 30 June 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Nanomaterials
Process Intensification, Process Design and Green Techniques for Nanomaterials Production and Applications
Collection Editors: Marco Stoller, Giorgio Vilardi
Topical Collection in
Nanomaterials
Magnetic Nanostructured Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Cutting-Edge Applications
Collection Editors: Vasileios Tzitzios, Georgia Basina
Topical Collection in
Nanomaterials
The Fourth State of Engineering: Nanoengineered Materials and Coatings Facilitated by Plasma Techniques
Collection Editors: Krasimir Vasilev, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov, Thomas Michl, Akash Bachhuka
Topical Collection in
Nanomaterials
Nanoarchitectonics of the Fourth Fundamental Electronic Component: Memristor, Meminductor and Memcapacitor
Collection Editors: Firman Simanjuntak, Yao-Feng Chang, Sridhar Chandrasekaran