Eye tracking has become a central method in human–computer interaction (HCI), supported by advances in sensing technologies and AI-based gaze analysis. Despite this rapid growth, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of eye-tracking research...
In complex urban traffic environments, the design of multimodal prompts in augmented reality head-up displays (AR-HUDs) plays a critical role in driving safety and operational efficiency. Despite growing interest in audiovisual navigation assistance,...
Over the past decades, eye movements and blinks have been integrated into Concealed Information Test (CIT) paradigms as indicators of deception. Recent findings suggested that fixation patterns in CITs depend on stimulus layout, particularly the dist...
Strabismus affects 2–4% of the global population, with horizontal cases accounting for more than 90%. Automated screening using monocular gaze estimation technology shows promise for early detection. However, existing models assume normal binoc...
Despite the increasing adoption of desktop virtual reality (VR) in higher education, the specific instructional efficacy of 3D interactive prompts remains inadequately understood. This study examines how such prompts—specifically dynamic spatia...
White noise has been proposed to enhance cognitive performance in children with ADHD, but findings are inconsistent, and benefits vary across tasks and individuals. Such variability suggests that diagnostic comparisons may overlook meaningful develop...
Eye movement classification, particularly the identification of fixations and saccades, plays a vital role in advancing our understanding of neurological functions and cognitive processing. Conventional modalities of data, such as RGB webcams, often...
Fluent word reading is a key literacy skill, yet the full extent of the oculomotor underpinnings in developing readers remains unknown. Rapid automatized naming (RAN) is a useful clinical measure that has been shown to predict word reading fluency. H...
The purpose of the study was to analyze, characterize, and compare the measurements of saccades that occurred during the positive and negative fusional vergence test (PFV and NFV, respectively) as a function of the disparity vergence demand. Thirty-f...
Understanding how tacit knowledge embedded in visual materials is accessed and utilized during evaluation tasks remains a key challenge in human–computer interaction and visual expertise research. Although eye-tracking studies have identified s...
Background: Emergency rescuers frequently carry heavy equipment for extended periods, making musculoskeletal disorders a major occupational concern. Loading type and road slope play important roles in inducing physical fatigue; however, the assessmen...
Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary sawtooth eye movement that occurs in the presence of a drifting stimulus. Our experience is that low-amplitude/short-duration OKN can challenge the limits of our commercially available Pupil Neon eye-trac...
Visual search behavior, influenced by expertise, prior knowledge, training, and visual fatigue, is crucial in ophthalmic diagnostics. This study investigates differences in eye-tracking strategies between novice and experienced eye care practitioners...
Eye movements are important indicators of problem-solving or solution strategies and are recorded using eye-tracking technologies. As they reveal how viewers interact with presented information during task processing, their analysis is crucial for ed...
This study presents DeepVisionAnalytics, an integrated framework that combines eye tracking, OpenCV-based computer vision (CV), and machine learning (ML) to support objective analysis of consumer behaviour in visually driven tasks. Unlike conventiona...
Within the framework of brand communication, several companies choose to use bistable logos. These types of logos fall within the mechanisms inherent to bistable perception, where the interpretation of the two possible percepts involved may depend on...
From past to present, modern additions have continued to transform historic environments. While some argue that contemporary extensions disrupt the integrity of historic buildings, others suggest that the contrast between past and present creates a m...
Articles are among the most frequently encountered words during reading; however, it is not clear how deeply they are usually processed. This study examines whether native Spanish speakers use parafoveal article–noun agreement information to guide ey...
Gaze behavior is a critical component of social interaction, reflecting emotional recognition and social regulation. While previous research has emphasized either situational influences (e.g., deception) or stable individual differences (e.g., attach...
Eye tracking (ET) technology is increasingly used in both research and clinical practice, but its accuracy may be compromised by the presence of ophthalmic lenses. This study systematically evaluated the influence of different optical prescriptions a...
This article examines the nature of musical stimuli used in eye-movement research on music reading, with a focus on syntactic elements essential for fluent reading: melody, rhythm, and harmony. Drawing parallels between language and music as syntacti...
This study compares the roles of eye-tracking and verbal reports (think-alouds and retrospective verbal reports, RVRs) in L2 reading process research through three qualitative studies. Findings indicate that eye-tracking provided precise, quantitativ...
Driving is a cognitively demanding task engaging attentional effort and working memory resources, which increases cognitive load. The aim of this study was to evaluate the discriminative capabilities of an objective eye tracking method in comparison...
Since the earliest studies on human eye movements, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that observers fixate the center of visual stimuli more than their periphery, regardless of visual content. Subsequent research suggested only little effect of typ...
Our interaction with the world depends on our ability to process temporal information, which is a key component of human cognition that directly impacts decision-making, planning, and prediction of events. Visual information plays a crucial role in s...
Strong communication is central to the translation of breast cancer screening availability into uptake. This experiment tests the role of design features of screening advertisements in directing visual attention in screening-eligible women (≥40 ye...
Mobile games have become one of the fastest-growing segments of the digital economy, and in-app advertisements represent a major source of revenue while shaping consumer attention and memory processes. This study examined the relationship between vis...
Distance simultaneous interpreting is a typical example of technology-mediated interpreting, bridging participants (i.e., interpreters, audience, and speakers) in various events and conferences. This study explores how presentation mode affects cogni...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a prevalent mental health condition characterized by prominent attentional biases, particularly toward negative stimuli. While extensive research has established the significance of negative attentional bias...
Eye-tracking for user experience analysis has traditionally relied on dedicated hardware, which is often costly and imposes restrictive operating conditions. As an alternative, solutions utilizing ordinary webcams have attracted significant interest...
Mental effort, a critical factor influencing task performance, is often difficult to measure accurately and efficiently. Pupil diameter has emerged as a reliable, real-time indicator of mental effort. This study introduces RIPA2, an enhanced pupillom...
Social media has become a dominant channel for food marketing, particularly targeting youth through visually engaging and socially embedded content. This study investigates how young adults visually engage with food advertisements on social media and...
Purpose: An observational study to investigate differences in gaze behaviors across varying expertise levels using a 3D heads-up display (HUD) integrated with eye-tracking was conducted. Methods: 25 ophthalmologists (PGY2–4, fellows, attendings...
Recent breakthroughs in machine learning, artificial intelligence, and the emergence of large datasets have made the integration of eye tracking increasingly feasible not only in computing but also in many other disciplines to accelerate innovation a...
Purpose: This study evaluates a novel, non-invasive method using a virtual reality (VR) headset with integrated eye trackers to assess retinal function by measuring the recovery of the pupillary response after light adaptation in patients with age-re...
In mathematics, and in learning mathematics, representations (texts, formulae, and figures) play a vital role. Eye-tracking is a promising approach for studying how representations are attended to in the context of mathematics learning. The focus of...
Successful health promotion involves messages that are quickly captured and held long enough to permit eligibility, credibility, and calls to action to be coded. This research develops an exploratory eye-tracking atlas of breast cancer screening ads...
Current research on multimodal AR-HUD navigation systems primarily focuses on the presentation forms of auditory and visual information, yet the effects of synchrony between auditory and visual prompts as well as prompt timing on driving behavior and...
Social media has developed into a leading advertising platform, with Instagram likes serving as visual cues that may influence consumer perception and behavior. The present study investigated the effect of Instagram likes on visual attention, memory,...
Recently, the photorealism of generated images has improved noticeably due to the development of AI algorithms. These are high-resolution images of human faces and bodies, cats and dogs, vehicles, and other categories of objects that the untrained ey...
Successful reading comprehension depends on many factors, including text genre. Eye-tracking studies indicate that genre shapes eye movement patterns at a local level. Although the reading of expository and narrative texts by adolescents has been des...
This study examined how drivers’ eye fixations change before, during, and after recognizing road markings, and how these changes relate to driving speed, visual complexity, cognitive functions, and demographics. 20 licensed drivers viewed on-board mo...
Oculomotor reading behavior is influenced by both universal factors, like the “big three” of word length, frequency, and contextual predictability, and language-specific factors, such as script and grammar. The aim of this study was to examine the in...
This study investigated the effectiveness of visual strategies in guiding gaze behavior and attention on Yi graphic symbols using eye-tracking. Four strategies, color brightness, layering, line guidance, and size variation, were tested with 34 Thai p...
Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs reading, affecting 5–17.5% of children and representing the most common learning disability. Individuals with dyslexia experience decoding, reading fluency, and comprehension difficulties, hinder...
Real-world navigation depends on coordinated head–eye behaviour that standard tests of visual function miss. We investigated how visual impairment affects traffic navigation, whether behaviour differs by visual impairment type, and whether this funct...
Background: Hand–eye coordination is essential for daily functioning and sports performance, but standardized digital protocols for its reliable assessment are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the intra-examiner repeatability and inter-examiner...
Accurate recognition of basic facial emotions is well documented, yet the mechanisms of misclassification and their relation to gaze allocation remain under-reported. The present study utilized a within-subjects eye-tracking design to examine both ac...
In safety-critical systems like nuclear power plants, the rapid and accurate perception of visual interface information is vital. This study investigates the relationship between visual attention dispersion measured via heatmap entropy (as a specific...
Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of a novel test for diagnosing colour vision deficiencies using reflexive eye movements measured using an unmodified tablet. Methods: This study followed a cross-sectional design, where thirty-three participants a...
Get Alerted
Add your email address to receive forthcoming issues of this journal.
