This paper discusses the design and development of a low-cost virtual reality (VR) based flight simulator with cognitive load estimation feature using ocular and EEG signals. Focus is on exploring methods to evaluate pilot’s interactions with aircraf...
Eye movements have been used to examine the cognitive function of pilots and understand how information processing abilities impact performance. Traditional and advanced measures of gaze behaviour effectively reflect changes in cognitive load, situat...
This systematic review examines the use of eye-tracking devices in optometry, describing their main characteristics, areas of application and metrics used. Using the PRISMA method, a systematic search was performed of three databases. The search stra...
Photography is an art form where integration of the human visual perception and psychological experiences result in aesthetic pleasure. This research utilizes eye tracking to explore the impact of the properties of Gestalt in photography on people's...
The eyes are in constant movement to optimize the interpretation of the visual scene by the brain. Eye movements are controlled by complex neural networks that interact with the rest of the brain. The direction of our eye movements could thus be infl...
Mobile eye tracking captures egocentric vision and is well-suited for naturalistic studies. However, its data is noisy, especially when acquired outdoor with multiple participants over several sessions. Area of interest analysis on moving targets is...
The presented study aims to examine the process of preattentive processing of dynamic point symbols used in cartographic symbology. More specifically, we explore different motion types of geometric symbols on a map together with various motion veloci...
In a prior report (Raju et al., 2023) we concluded that, if the goal was to preserve events such as saccades, microsaccades, and smooth pursuit in eye-tracking recordings, data with sine wave frequencies less than 75 Hz were the signal and data above...
Offshore drilling operations consist of complex and high-risk processes. Lack of situational awareness in drilling operations has become an important human factor issue that causes safety accidents. Prolonged work shifts and fatigue are some of the c...
With the rising significance of visual marketing, differences in how tourists from various age groups visually engage with tourism promotional materials remain insufficiently studied. This study recruited 48 participants and used a quasi-experimental...
Purpose: To assess optical and motor changes associated with near vision reading under different controlled lighting conditions performed with two different types of electronic screens. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects with a mean age of 22.9 ±...
Image inversion is a powerful tool for investigating cognitive mechanisms of visual perception. However, studies have mainly used inversion in paradigms presented on twodimensional computer screens. It remains open whether disruptive effects of inver...
The pupil of the eye constricts when moving focus from an object further away to an object closer by. This is called the pupil near response, which typically occurs together with accommodation and vergence responses. When immersed in virtual reality...
Gaze behaviour has been used as a proxy for information processing capabilities that underlie complex skill performance in real-world domains such as aviation. These processes are highly influenced by task requirements, expertise and can provide insi...
The Fourier theorem states that any time-series can be decomposed into a set of sinusoidal frequencies, each with its own phase and amplitude. The literature suggests that some frequencies are important to reproduce key qualities of eye-movements (“s...
This study examines short-term improvement of music performances and oculomotor behaviour during four successive executions of a brief musical piece composed by Bartók, “Slovak Boys’ Dance”. Pianists (n = 22) were allowed to practice for two minutes...
Globally, depression is one of the most common mental health issues. Therefore, finding an effective way to detect mental health problems is an important subject for study in human-machine interactions. In order to examine the potential in using a vi...
This study investigates the change in horizontal saccadic eye movement and smooth pursuit in patients with acquired comitant esotropia (ACE), before and after strabismus surgery. The horizontal saccades and pursuit in 11 patients with ACE were record...
This study investigated tourists’ visual perception, aesthetic experience, and behavioral intentions across four types of landscapes. A total of 353 questionnaires were distributed on-site, and the SOR model was used to examine the visual stimu...
The simulated data used in eye-tracking-related research has been largely generated using normative eye models with little consideration of how the variations in eye biometry found in the population may influence eye-tracking outcomes. This study inv...
The increasing use of instructional videos in educational settings has emphasized the need for a deeper understanding of their design requirements. This study investigates the impact of virtual backgrounds in educational videos on students' visual in...
The motion of rotation, which served as a dynamic symbol within human-computer interfaces, has garnered extensive attention in interface and graphic design. This study aimed to establish speed benchmarks for interface design by exploring visual syste...
Previous studies on facial impression inference have focused on the physical features of faces, with only a few considering the effects of the observer. This study explored how participants’ personality traits directly and indirectly affect the impre...
Mobile eye tracking helps to investigate real-world settings, in which participants can move freely. This enhances the studies’ ecological validity but poses challenges for the analysis. Often, the 3D stimulus is reduced to a 2D image (reference view...
Combining eye tracking and virtual reality (VR) is a promising approach to tackle various applied research questions. As this approach is relatively new, routines are not established yet and the first steps can be full of potential pitfalls. The pres...
In recent years, innovative multiparty eye tracking setups have been introduced to synchronously capture eye movements of multiple individuals engaged in computer-mediated collaboration. Despite its great potential for studying cognitive processes wi...
Background: Automated eye tracking data correction algorithms such as Dynamic-Time Warp always made a trade-off between the ability to handle regressions (jumps back) and distortions (fixation drift). At the same time, eye movement in code reading is...
Many video-based eye trackers rely on detecting and tracking ocular features, a task that can be negatively affected by a number of individual or environmental factors. In this context, the aim of this study was to practically evaluate how the use of...
Prior research has shown that sighting eye dominance is a dynamic behavior and dependent on horizontal viewing angle. Virtual reality (VR) offers high flexibility and control for studying eye movement and human behavior, yet eye dominance has not bee...
Previous research shows that playing action video games seems to modify the behavior of eye movements such as eye fixations and saccades. The aim of the current work was to determine the effect of playing action video games on eye movements behavior...
(1) Background: This study investigates the impact of digital device usage on the visual system, with a focus on binocular vision. It also highlights the importance of objective assessment in accurately diagnosing and guiding therapeutic approaches f...
Drift represents a common distortion that affects the position of fixations in eye tracking data. While manual correction is considered very accurate, it is considered subjective and time-consuming. On the other hand, automated correction is fast, ob...
As streaming platforms adopt artificial intelligence (AI)-powered subtitle systems to satisfy global demand for instant localization, the cognitive impact of these automated translations on viewers remains largely unexplored. This study used a web-ba...
The control of eye gaze is critical to the execution of many skills. The observation that task experts in many domains exhibit more efficient control of eye gaze than novices has led to the development of gaze training interventions that teach these...
The growing interest in evaluating the reader's comprehension leads to the search for new methods that allow such estimation in real-time (or pseudo-real-time). This can be used for more effective educational processes and to adopt textual content fo...
This study examines the process of reading polycode advertising posters, focusing in particular on the effect of a pun in the headline. The pun, or a sequence of lexical items that can be perceived as ambiguous, is contained in the headline and diffe...
The aim of the study was to analyze the stability of dominant and non-dominant eye fixations, as well as the influence of development on fixation stability. The study analyzed fixation stability in 280 school-age children, ranging in age from 7 to 12...
This study reports on several specific neurocognitive processes and eye-tracking predictors of reading outcomes for a sample of children with Developmental Dyslexia (DD) and At-tention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – inattentive subtype (ADHD-I) com...
Buildings are an integral part of our physical environment and have aesthetic significance with respect to the organizational integrity of architectural elements. While Gestalt principles are essential in design education, their relationship with arc...
This study employs subjective evaluation and eye movement experiments to explore the application and conveyance of logo graphics design, which conforms to the Gestalt principle of closure, to understand the psychological process of this principle in...
In safety-critical systems like nuclear power plants, the rapid and accurate perception of visual interface information is vital. This study investigates the relationship between visual attention dispersion measured via heatmap entropy (as a specific...
Eye-tracking technology provides high-resolution information about a user’s visual behavior and interests. Combined with advances in machine learning, it has become possible to recognize user traits and states using eye-tracking data. Despite i...
This study investigates sex differences in numerosity perception and visuospatial abilities in adults using eye-tracking methodology. We report the results of a controlled dual-task experiment that assessed the participants’ visuospatial and nu...
Color fusion and rivalry are two key information integration mechanisms in binocular vision, representing the visual system’s processing patterns for consistent and conflicting inputs, respectively. This study hypothesizes that there are quanti...
This study employs bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive review of eye-tracking research in the field of educational technology. The study analyzed 374 relevant papers published in 19 high-quality journals from the Web of Science core coll...
Amblyopia, a neurodevelopmental disorder, is commonly assessed through amblyopic eye visual acuity (VA) deficits, but recent studies also highlight abnormalities in the fellow eye. This study quantified binocular and fellow/dominant eye VA in individ...
This study aims to explore the effects of Shape and Decoration on user experience and visual attention in anthropomorphic robot design. Eighty undergraduate students were divided into four groups, each viewing one of four stimuli: (a) Non-hat and Non...
Word search puzzles are recognized as a valid word recognition task. Eye gaze patterns have been investigated during visual search and reading, but the word search puzzle requires both searching and word recognition. This paper will discuss findings...
During calibration, an eye-tracker fits a mapping function from features to a target gaze point. While there is research on which mapping function to use, little is known about how to best estimate the function’s parameters. We investigate how differ...
For Chinese readers, reading from left to right is the norm, while reading from right to left is unfamiliar. This study comprises two experiments investigating how format familiarity and word frequency affect reading by Chinese people. Experiment 1 e...
