Next Issue
Volume 14, August
Previous Issue
Volume 14, June
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
4.6
3.4
Journals
Dentistry Journal
Volume 14
Issue 7
share announcement

Dent. J., Volume 14, Issue 7 (July 2026) – 74 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Fully digital guided implant surgery is accurate but costly, software-dependent, and tied to specialized laboratory workflows. This study introduces a prosthesis-based, 3D printed guide for flapless implant placement in the edentulous maxilla. Its modular design embeds repositionable polyether–ether–ketone (PEEK) rails and interchangeable angulation sleeves in a duplicate denture, letting clinicians adjust sleeve position and implant trajectory intraoperatively without re-printing the guide. In a prospective split-mouth pilot, the workflow proved clinically feasible, gave early outcomes consistent with published series, and produced marked gains in oral-health-related quality of life. By preserving prosthetically driven placement while reducing the infrastructure required, it offers a cost-conscious alternative to proprietary platforms. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
  • You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.
Order results
Result details
Section
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
12 pages, 867 KB  
Article
Student Perceptions of Key Terminology Tests in Dental Physiology Education: A Single-Institution Evaluation
by Tatsuko Yokota, Tomoko Matsunaga, Nobuhiko Hatanaka and Hiroki Toyoda
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070461 - 22 Jul 2026
Viewed by 271
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the educational value and motivational impact of unit-based Key Terminology Tests, combined with a dedicated glossary, in a second-year dental physiology course designed to support preparation for computer-based testing (CBT) and the Japanese National Dentist Examination. Methods: [...] Read more.
Objective: This study evaluated the educational value and motivational impact of unit-based Key Terminology Tests, combined with a dedicated glossary, in a second-year dental physiology course designed to support preparation for computer-based testing (CBT) and the Japanese National Dentist Examination. Methods: Seventy-six second-year dental students completed periodic terminology tests aligned with lecture units (50 items per test, 25 min each). Bonus points were awarded for scores of ≥45/50. At the end of the semester, students completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing perceived test burden (scope, duration, and number of items), preparation time, clarity and use of the glossary, perceived contribution to lecture comprehension, and the motivational impact of bonus points. Quantitative data were summarized descriptively, and free-text responses were analyzed thematically. Results: Most students rated the test scope and number of questions as appropriate (50.0% and 67.1%, respectively), although 48.7% perceived the scope as somewhat excessive or excessive, and 35.6% felt the time limit was short or somewhat short. The glossary improved lecture comprehension for 68.4% of respondents, and bonus points enhanced learning motivation for 53.9%. In addition, 86.9% reported using the glossary at least occasionally during routine study. Conclusions: Students perceived the terminology test system as supportive of lecture comprehension, perceived learning support, and sustained learning motivation, suggesting that it may serve as a useful preparatory approach for CBT and the National Dentist Examination. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

13 pages, 255 KB  
Article
Behavioral Changes and Determinants of Preventive Oral-Health Practices Among Chinese Dental Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou
by Jiali Yu, Zhe Ji, Rui Jiang, Rafiqul Islam, Xiang Li and Ermin Nie
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070460 - 21 Jul 2026
Viewed by 349
Abstract
Background: Preventive oral-health behaviors are crucial for reducing the incidence of dental caries, but there is still little data on whether Chinese dental patients continue to practice these behaviors. This study investigated self-reported changes in oral-health practices after treatment and explored factors [...] Read more.
Background: Preventive oral-health behaviors are crucial for reducing the incidence of dental caries, but there is still little data on whether Chinese dental patients continue to practice these behaviors. This study investigated self-reported changes in oral-health practices after treatment and explored factors associated with the adoption of preventive behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out in a hospital in Guangzhou with 246 dental patients. The frequency of brushing both before and after treatment, interdental cleaning, dietary modifications, attendance at follow-up, receiving and understanding preventive advice, and following recommendations were reported. Changes in brushing behavior were analyzed, and logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with preventive behaviors. Results: The proportion of participants brushing ≥2/day increased after treatment (7.7%, p < 0.05). Daily interdental cleaning remained low (23.2%), while 61.0% reported dietary modification and 53.3% attended follow-up. In multivariable models adjusting for all covariates, most sociodemographic factors were not significantly associated with preventive behaviors. Male participants had lower odds of brushing ≥2/day. Understanding of preventive recommendations was the most consistent predictor, with lower understanding associated with reduced flossing, follow-up, and adherence. Receipt and format of advice were not independently associated with outcomes after adjustment. Periodontal treatment was associated with lower follow-up compared with restorative care. Conclusions: Preventive oral-health behaviors improved modestly after treatment, but overall adherence remained limited. Clear understanding of preventive advice was the strongest determinant of behavior, while sociodemographic factors and advice format showed no independent effects. Lower follow-up attendance among periodontal patients highlights the need for improved patient communication and recall strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dental Care, Chairside and Beyond: 2nd Edition)
18 pages, 514 KB  
Article
Oral Health Status, Oral Hygiene, and Behavioural Factors Among Disadvantaged Children: A Cross-Sectional Comparison Between the Peruvian Amazon and Valencia, Spain
by Lucía Miralles-Jordá, Julián Espinosa-Giménez, Anna Paradowska-Stolarz, Mónica Fernández-Mafé, María Dolores Gómez-Adrián, María Teresa Murillo-Llorente, Marcelino Pérez-Bermejo and María Ester Legidos-García
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070459 - 21 Jul 2026
Viewed by 268
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Dental caries remains a major public health problem in childhood and disproportionately affects socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Although toothbrushing and oral hygiene are commonly promoted as key preventive behaviours, their protective effect may be limited by structural factors such as access to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Dental caries remains a major public health problem in childhood and disproportionately affects socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Although toothbrushing and oral hygiene are commonly promoted as key preventive behaviours, their protective effect may be limited by structural factors such as access to dental care, fluoride exposure, and preventive services. This study aimed to compare dental caries experience, oral hygiene status, toothbrushing frequency, and sugar consumption among disadvantaged children from the Peruvian Amazon and Valencia, Spain, and to explore whether differences in hygiene behaviours were reflected in caries outcomes. Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional school-based study was conducted among 291 children aged 5–12 years attending three purposively selected schools serving socioeconomically disadvantaged communities: one rural school in the Peruvian Amazon (n = 162) and two urban schools in Valencia, Spain (n = 129). Dental caries experience was assessed using a combined global caries score derived from the dmft and DMFT (CAOD/cod) indices according to dentition type, and oral hygiene status was evaluated using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Toothbrushing frequency and sugar consumption were collected through structured questionnaires. Group comparisons, Spearman correlation analyses, and exploratory multiple linear regression models were performed. Results: Mean global caries scores did not differ significantly between Peruvian and Spanish children (3.71 ± 2.86 vs. 4.07 ± 3.44; p = 0.596). However, severe caries experience (score ≥ 8) was more frequent among Valencian children (21.7% vs. 10.5%; p = 0.014). Peruvian children showed significantly better oral hygiene status (OHI-S-derived score: 1.25 ± 0.79 vs. 1.49 ± 0.84; p = 0.014) and higher toothbrushing frequency (p < 0.001). Frequent sugar consumption was similarly high in both groups. Within each population, poorer oral hygiene and lower toothbrushing frequency were associated with higher caries experience in bivariate analyses, although the exploratory multivariable models showed a more limited pattern of association. Conclusions: Among the participating schools, children from the Peruvian Amazon showed better oral hygiene indicators and more frequent toothbrushing than Spanish children, while no statistically significant difference in caries experience was detected. Because structural variables such as fluoride exposure, dental attendance, and access to restorative care were not directly measured, explanations involving healthcare infrastructure should be considered as candidate hypotheses to be tested in future, adequately powered and adjusted studies, rather than as confirmed mechanisms. Findings should not be generalised beyond the participating schools. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 11147 KB  
Article
Clinical Effectiveness of a Separated-Type Oral Appliance for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Japanese Patients
by Kazutaka Ikeda, Ryo Kunimatsu, Shuzo Sakata, Katsuhito Sugai, Shintaro Ogashira and Kotaro Tanimoto
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070458 - 21 Jul 2026
Viewed by 254
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Oral appliance (OA) therapy is an established treatment option for patients with mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although OAs of various designs have been developed, clinical evidence regarding the effectiveness of separated-type OAs in OSA remains limited. We evaluated the clinical [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Oral appliance (OA) therapy is an established treatment option for patients with mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although OAs of various designs have been developed, clinical evidence regarding the effectiveness of separated-type OAs in OSA remains limited. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with OSA treated using a custom-made separated-type OA. Methods: This retrospective study included 47 Japanese patients with OSA who were diagnosed using polysomnography and referred for OA therapy between March 2015 and March 2025. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from medical records for all patients. Treatment effectiveness was analyzed in the 27 patients who underwent both baseline and follow-up polysomnography. The normality of within-patient Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) differences was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and paired comparisons were performed using the paired t-test. Results: Follow-up polysomnography after OA therapy was performed in 27 patients (57.4%). In these patients, AHI significantly decreased from 17.4 ± 8.6 events/h at baseline to 8.2 ± 5.1 events/h after OA therapy (mean reduction, 9.23 events/h; 95% CI, 6.33–12.12; paired t-test, p < 0.001). OSA severity classification improved after treatment, and no patients were classified as having severe OSA at follow-up. Conclusions: Treatment with a custom-made separated-type OA was associated with a significant reduction in AHI among patients who underwent follow-up polysomnography, suggesting that separated-type OAs may be a useful option for selected patients with mild-to-moderate OSA. These findings should be interpreted with caution because of the retrospective design and incomplete follow-up data. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 281 KB  
Review
Local Anaesthetic Systemic Toxicity in Dental and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Safe Dosing, Combination Agents, and Emergency Management—A Narrative Review
by Cemal Ucer, Simon Wright, Rabia Khan and Sushil Kumar
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070457 - 20 Jul 2026
Viewed by 414
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of dental and oral and maxillofacial surgical local anaesthesia (LA). Three amide agents are commonly used in the UK: lignocaine (lidocaine) 2% with adrenaline 1:80,000; articaine 4% with adrenaline [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of dental and oral and maxillofacial surgical local anaesthesia (LA). Three amide agents are commonly used in the UK: lignocaine (lidocaine) 2% with adrenaline 1:80,000; articaine 4% with adrenaline 1:100,000 (2.2 mL cartridges); and bupivacaine 0.5%. Clinically significant discrepancies between guideline sources for maximum recommended dosages (MRDs) persist, and the additive toxicity of combined amide agents remains underappreciated. The objectives are: to provide clear, evidence-appraised MRD guidance for dental practitioners; to explain safe combination dosing using the fractional dose rule with acknowledgement of its pharmacokinetic limitations; and to outline recognition and management of LAST, including intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy, setting-stratified response, and differential diagnosis. Methods: These include the following: narrative review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Cochrane Library, and Embase (inception to May 2026), supplemented by key regulatory documents (British National Formulary (BNF) 91; US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prescribing information; UK Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPCs)); major guideline documents (American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) 2018; Association of Anaesthetists 2021; Resuscitation Council UK 2021); systematic reviews; and peer-reviewed literature, ranked by a jurisdiction-specific UK prescribing and regulatory source hierarchy. Results: BNF 91 and the FDA both support a 7 mg/kg (500 mg) MRD for lignocaine with adrenaline; in practice, the adrenaline ceiling limits administration to 6–7 cartridges (2.2 mL) regardless of the guideline followed. The principal reasons for caution when combining amide agents are; additive systemic toxicity, more complex dose calculation, absence of proven clinical benefit for concurrent mixing, unnecessary drug exposure, and incremental hypersensitivity risk—not metabolic pathway differences. The fractional dose rule is a pharmacologically justified safety heuristic with acknowledged pharmacokinetic limitations. ILE is a specific rescue therapy for severe or cardiovascular LAST; airway support and oxygenation remain the primary interventions. Patient-specific factors substantially lower the effective toxic threshold. Conclusions: Safe LA administration in oral surgery requires systematic MRD calculation, application of the fractional dose rule for combined-agent appointments, attention to patient-specific risk factors, setting-appropriate emergency preparedness, and structured differential diagnosis to distinguish LAST from more common dental emergencies. Full article
16 pages, 274 KB  
Review
Pediatric Dental Education in China: Current Status, Challenges, and Pathways to Improvement—A Narrative Review
by Yandi Chen, Yan Wang, Rui Shu, Mingmei Meng, Jing Zou and Qiong Zhang
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070456 - 20 Jul 2026
Viewed by 527
Abstract
Pediatric dental diseases, notably dental caries, malocclusion, and dental trauma, remain a significant public health challenge in China, exerting considerable impact on children’s oral and general health. Despite growing societal demand for pediatric dental care, China faces a critical shortage and uneven geographic [...] Read more.
Pediatric dental diseases, notably dental caries, malocclusion, and dental trauma, remain a significant public health challenge in China, exerting considerable impact on children’s oral and general health. Despite growing societal demand for pediatric dental care, China faces a critical shortage and uneven geographic distribution of pediatric dentists, alongside persistent urban–rural disparities in access to oral health services. These challenges underscore the urgent need for educational reforms, workforce policy adjustments, and assessment of the strengths and limitations of recent training initiatives to enhance pediatric dental service delivery. This narrative review aims to: (I) describe the current structure of pediatric dental education in China and recent reforms, notably the integration of degree education with standardized residency training; (II) summarize the epidemiological burden of dental diseases among Chinese children, together with contributing social and geographic factors; (III) outline national policy initiatives targeting children’s oral health and existing gaps in implementation; and (IV) discuss innovations in dental education, including student-centered pedagogies and humanities integration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pediatric dentistry in China and offers strategic recommendations to strengthen workforce training, expand service access, and reduce the burden of pediatric oral diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dental Education)
26 pages, 30544 KB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Mandibular Kinematics Recorded with Zebris JMA and Medit i700 Using an Open-Source 3D Model-Based Framework
by Radu-Gabriel Ionescu, Alexia-Ecaterina Cârstea, Vlad-Gabriel Vasilescu, Florin-Octavian Froimovici, Tudor-Claudiu Spînu, Lucian-Toma Ciocan and Camelia Ionescu
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070455 - 20 Jul 2026
Viewed by 404
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Mandibular kinematics are increasingly central to the construction of the digital dental avatar, and can be recorded with two categories of devices: dedicated jaw motion analysers and intraoral scanners with motion-tracking modules. Few studies have compared these categories on the same patients. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Mandibular kinematics are increasingly central to the construction of the digital dental avatar, and can be recorded with two categories of devices: dedicated jaw motion analysers and intraoral scanners with motion-tracking modules. Few studies have compared these categories on the same patients. This pilot study compared the Zebris JMA and Medit i700 in a paired-cohort design, using an open-source Blender-based framework developed for the uniform analysis of their XML exports. Methods: A prospective, observational, paired-cohort study was conducted on 17 adults recorded with both systems by a single operator. A custom Python 3.11 add-on for Blender 4.5 LTS and Blender4Dental 1.1.99, developed within the study, supported the analytical workflow. A common anatomical origin between the two systems was first validated by comparing the occlusal contact area at MIP. At each threshold, the two systems were then compared on the directional decomposition (X, Y, Z components) of the mandibular displacement along the anatomical axes. Agreement was evaluated using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Bland–Altman analysis, Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Validation at maximum intercuspation showed near-perfect agreement between the two workflows (Pearson r = 0.997; ICC(2,1) = 0.997). During protrusion, the dominant displacement component shifted to the anteroposterior axis. SVD residuals were smaller for Medit (~0.003–0.004 mm) than for Zebris (~0.024–0.046 mm; p < 0.001), but were interpreted only as internal rigid-body fitting residuals rather than accuracy metrics. Conclusions: Zebris JMA and Medit i700 yielded similar scalar displacement values under the threshold-based frame-selection procedure, but showed systematic differences in directional decomposition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Digital Technology in Prosthodontics and Implantology)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 1127 KB  
Article
Dimensional Stability of Printed Dental Model: Stability over Time at Different Storage Temperatures
by Yaniv Skvirsky, Tahel Oguen Alon, Mohammad Shehada, Yaniv Mayer and Zvi Gutmacher
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070454 - 20 Jul 2026
Viewed by 293
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dental models are essential for diagnosis and prosthetic treatment planning and have traditionally been fabricated from gypsum. With the growing adoption of digital workflows, 3D-printed dental models are increasingly used; however, concerns remain regarding their dimensional stability over time. [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Dental models are essential for diagnosis and prosthetic treatment planning and have traditionally been fabricated from gypsum. With the growing adoption of digital workflows, 3D-printed dental models are increasingly used; however, concerns remain regarding their dimensional stability over time. This study evaluated the temporal dimensional changes of gypsum and 3D-printed dental models under different storage conditions and assessed the uniformity of these changes across the models. Methods: A fully dentate maxillary typodont was scanned to create a reference model. Sixteen gypsum casts (Type IV dental stone) and 48 3D-printed models from three materials were fabricated. Models were stored at either 4 °C or room temperature and rescanned at predefined intervals over 28 days. Dimensional accuracy was analyzed using 3D inspection software (Geomagic Control X 2022.1.0), with trueness measured by root mean square deviation and precision by standard deviation across the full arch and five predefined regions. Statistical analysis was performed using a Bayesian hierarchical linear model, with significance set at pd > 97.5%. Results: Printed models demonstrated significantly higher precision than gypsum models at baseline and day 28 under both storage conditions, with no significant differences among printed materials. In terms of trueness, selected printed groups showed lower deviations than gypsum at baseline, while one material exhibited the best performance at day 28. Gypsum models remained relatively stable over time, whereas printed models showed time-dependent, region-specific dimensional changes, primarily in posterior regions, with maximum deviations of up to 0.026 mm. Conclusions: 3D-printed dental models exhibit limited but nonuniform dimensional changes over time, while gypsum models remain comparatively stable. Localized distortions, particularly in posterior regions, should be considered when printed models are used for precise prosthetic applications. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 14200 KB  
Case Report
Management of Failed Apexification Associated with Internal Root Resorption and Apical Calcification: A 56-Month Case Report
by Yuzhuo Wang and Shujun Ran
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070453 - 20 Jul 2026
Viewed by 333
Abstract
Objective: To report the conservative management of a complex failed apexification in a permanent premolar complicated by severe internal root resorption, irregular apical calcification, and exceptionally thin root canal walls and to evaluate its long-term (56-month) clinical and radiographic outcomes. Methods: [...] Read more.
Objective: To report the conservative management of a complex failed apexification in a permanent premolar complicated by severe internal root resorption, irregular apical calcification, and exceptionally thin root canal walls and to evaluate its long-term (56-month) clinical and radiographic outcomes. Methods: A 27-year-old male presented with chronic apical periodontitis in the right mandibular first premolar. A previous apexification attempt had failed, resulting in arrested root development, an apical calcified bridge, and extensive internal root resorption. CBCT imaging revealed a critical root canal wall thickness of less than 1 mm in the middle and coronal thirds. To avoid extraction or invasive surgery, a non-surgical apical barrier technique was performed. Due to the severe structural compromise and high risk of root fracture, mechanical instrumentation was minimized; instead, chemomechanical debridement was optimized using Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation. The apical region was sealed with a bioceramic material (iRoot BP), and the weakened root structure was reinforced intraradicularly with dual-cure flowable resin, followed by progressive occlusal adjustments. Results: At the 3-month follow-up, the patient was completely asymptomatic, and radiographs indicated initial periapical bone healing. The 56-month follow-up demonstrated progressive formation of mineralized tissue, apparent thickening of the root canal walls at root apex, complete resolution of periapical radiolucency, and a stable, functional occlusion. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that teeth with severe structural compromise and internal resorption following failed apexification are not necessarily hopeless. A tailored conservative approach, integrating advanced laser-assisted disinfection, bioceramic apical barriers, internal resin reinforcement, and meticulous occlusal management, can yield highly successful long-term outcomes, ensuring the preservation of the natural dentition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Oral Health Management and Disease Treatment)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 332 KB  
Review
A Narrative Review on the Impact of ENDS Use on Clinical, Inflammatory and Microbiological Periodontal-Related Parameters
by Sun Ha Park, Jun Yaung, Sheila Yaghmai and Beatriz Bezerra
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070452 - 19 Jul 2026
Viewed by 323
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The increasing prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has prompted questions regarding their effects on periodontal health. While the detrimental impacts of cigarette smoking are well-established, the periodontal implications of ENDS use remain poorly understood. This narrative review aimed to evaluate [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The increasing prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has prompted questions regarding their effects on periodontal health. While the detrimental impacts of cigarette smoking are well-established, the periodontal implications of ENDS use remain poorly understood. This narrative review aimed to evaluate current evidence comparing periodontal parameters, inflammatory markers, and oral microbiome composition among ENDS users, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed (January 2009–May 2026) following a PICO question: “What is the impact of ENDS, compared to cigarette smoking and non-smoking, on periodontal health?” Clinical studies reporting on periodontal health parameters (plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss), inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and microbial composition were included. Due to methodological heterogeneity across studies, meta-analysis was not feasible, necessitating narrative synthesis. Results: Across studies, clinical periodontal findings in ENDS users were heterogeneous and did not consistently resemble those of either cigarette smokers or non-smokers. In contrast, ENDS use was consistently associated with alterations in inflammatory profiles and oral microbiome composition, characterized by selective changes in specific inflammatory cytokines rather than uniform inflammatory upregulation, as well as shifts towards microbial communities linked to periodontal inflammation. Notably, these biological alterations were not uniformly reflected in traditional clinical periodontal indices. Conclusions: ENDS use is associated with heterogeneous clinical findings and inflammatory and microbial alterations that suggest ENDS is a distinct exposure rather than a predictable intermediate between smoking and non-use. This review, to our knowledge, is the first to integrate clinical, inflammatory, and microbiome outcomes and highlights the limitations of relying solely on clinical parameters to assess the impact of ENDS on periodontal health. It also underscores the need for well-designed longitudinal studies to clarify the periodontal implications of ENDS use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recreational Drugs, Smoking, and Their Impact on Oral Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 5990 KB  
Article
Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation of a Low-Cost Sodium Hypochlorite Shock Disinfection Protocol for Dental Unit Waterlines
by Letícia Silveira Carneiro, Maria Angélica Borba Vieira Ferreira, Lísia Aparecida Costa Gonçalves, Fabio Antonio Colombo, Amanda Latercia Tranches Dias, Marina Lara de Carli and Michelle Foigel Siqueira
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070451 - 19 Jul 2026
Viewed by 318
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This exploratory study aimed to characterize the microbiological contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite shock treatment. Methods: Water samples from five dental units in a single teaching institution were collected from [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This exploratory study aimed to characterize the microbiological contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite shock treatment. Methods: Water samples from five dental units in a single teaching institution were collected from the air/water syringe and high-speed handpiece lines at four time points: baseline, immediately after a shock treatment, and 7 and 14 days post-treatment. The water supply source was also analyzed. The intervention consisted of a 15-min exposure to 0.5% sodium hypochlorite. Bacterial and fungal contamination was assessed using validated semi-quantitative microbial samplers, and key bacterial isolates were identified. Results: Baseline assessments revealed substantial bacterial contamination in most units (≥301 CFU/mL), despite minimal contamination in the water supply source (<10 CFU/mL). An immediate reduction in microbial counts was observed following the shock treatment for both bacteria and fungi counts; however, resilient species such as P. aeruginosa and the spore-forming B. cereus persisted, while K. pneumoniae was no longer detected. Bacterial levels increased again within 7 days in several units, while fungal contamination remained low at the follow-up. At 14 days, bacterial results were variable and inconsistent. In contrast, fungal contamination remained suppressed in most units throughout the follow-up period. Conclusions: The sodium hypochlorite shock treatment produced an immediate decrease in microbial load in DUWLs, but the findings suggest that its sustained effect on bacterial control may be limited. Given the small sample size and single-center design, these results should be interpreted cautiously. The study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a structured DUWL monitoring and maintenance program using a simple, low-cost sodium hypochlorite protocol, providing a practical model for improving water quality and patient safety in dental clinics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dental Education)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 3054 KB  
Systematic Review
Effects of Continuous Chelation with Etidronate on Mechanical Properties of the Root Canal Dentin: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
by Margarita Sachkova, Daria Savochkina, Nina Novozhilova, Ksenia Babina, Anna Mikheikina, Vladlena Doroshina, Alexandr Zaytsev and Maria Polyakova
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070450 - 18 Jul 2026
Viewed by 294
Abstract
Background: Continuous chelation with etidronic acid (1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, HEDP) has been proposed as a less aggressive alternative to sequential irrigation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in endodontics. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of these two protocols on the [...] Read more.
Background: Continuous chelation with etidronic acid (1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, HEDP) has been proposed as a less aggressive alternative to sequential irrigation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in endodontics. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of these two protocols on the mechanical properties and structure of root dentin. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central databases were searched up to June 2026 for in vitro studies comparing continuous chelation (NaOCl + HEDP mixture) with sequential irrigation (NaOCl and EDTA) on root dentin of permanent teeth. Studies on coronal dentin and those not using NaOCl + HEDP as a mixture were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIN tool. Meta-analyses were performed for fracture resistance using a random-effects model. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420250630663). Results: Twenty studies with a total of 572 specimens were included. Six studies had a low risk of bias and thirteen had a medium risk. The qualitative synthesis showed that HEDP generally resulted in similar or lower levels of erosion, microhardness reduction, demineralization, and collagen degradation compared to EDTA. The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in fracture resistance (5 studies; SMD = 0.28; 95% CI: −0.37 to 0.92; p = 0.40); however, substantial heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 66.7%). Conclusions: The evidence was limited by substantial heterogeneity and mainly medium risk of bias. Within the limitations, in vitro evidence suggests that continuous chelation with HEDP is comparable to EDTA in terms of root dentin mechanical properties and composition, supporting its use as a chelating agent in endodontic practice. This research received no external funding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dental Materials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 13051 KB  
Article
Deciphering Nano–Bio Interactions of Hyaluronic Acid-Clove Carbon Dots for Multifunctional Endodontic Nanotherapy
by Mohanprasanth Aruchamy and Natesan Thirumalaivasan
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070449 - 17 Jul 2026
Viewed by 303
Abstract
Background: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays a major role in dental biofilm-related infections and contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the development of biocompatible nanomaterials with antibacterial, antibiofilm, and regenerative properties is important for dental applications. Methods: In this study, hyaluronic acid and [...] Read more.
Background: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays a major role in dental biofilm-related infections and contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the development of biocompatible nanomaterials with antibacterial, antibiofilm, and regenerative properties is important for dental applications. Methods: In this study, hyaluronic acid and clove extract were used as natural precursors to synthesize hyaluronic acid-clove carbon dots (HCCDs) through a hydrothermal method. The synthesized HCCDs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM, SAED and EDAX analysis. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. mutans were tested. Cell viability tests, AO/PI staining, morphological observation and wound-healing assays were used to evaluate cytocompatibility in MG-63 cells. Results: A broad peak (23.449) observed from XRD coincided with an amorphous graphitic carbon structure. TEM images showed the presence of a spherical nanostructure with an average size of 4 ± 2 nm. The FTIR result verified the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl and oxygen-containing functional groups on the HCCD surface. Their synthesized HCCDs exhibited noteworthy antibacterial and antibiofilm activity with an MIC of 62.5 µg/mL against the S. mutans. Low toxicity toward MG-63 cells was observed, with 86% cell viability at 200 µg/mL in the cytocompatibility study. Additional good cellular compatibility was confirmed using AO/PI staining and morphological analysis. Furthermore, normal cell migration was observed, as wound healing assays showed no significant difference in closure between the treated and control groups. Conclusion: HCCDs exhibited antibacterial, antibiofilm, biocompatible, and wound-healing properties, highlighting their potential for dental nanomedicine and the treatment of oral biofilm-associated infections. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

9 pages, 384 KB  
Article
The Impact of Language Barriers on Dental Anxiety in Pediatric Patients: A Feasibility Pilot Study
by Avia Fux-Noy, Yonatan Nahum, Aviv Shmueli and Elinor Halperson
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070448 - 17 Jul 2026
Viewed by 215
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Effective communication between practitioners and their patients is pivotal to achieving successful treatment outcomes. The objective was to evaluate differences in post-examination anxiety and intra-operative behavior among pediatric patients when examined by a language-concordant dentist versus one with whom there was [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Effective communication between practitioners and their patients is pivotal to achieving successful treatment outcomes. The objective was to evaluate differences in post-examination anxiety and intra-operative behavior among pediatric patients when examined by a language-concordant dentist versus one with whom there was a language barrier. Methods: This controlled prospective pilot study included 60 children aged 4–10 years, divided into two groups: a control group consisting of patients and dentists who spoke the same language, and a study group comprising patients and dentists with discordant primary languages. Anxiety levels were measured using the Facial Image Scale before and after dental examination, and behavior was assessed by the clinician using the Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale. Results: The groups were similar in mean age, gender distribution, and baseline anxiety. No significant differences were found between the groups in post-examination anxiety levels (p = 0.99), behavior during clinical examination (p = 0.871), or behavior during radiographic examination (p = 0.615). However, within the study group, significant correlations were found between higher pre-examination anxiety and more negative behavior during clinical examination (p = 0.045), as well as between higher post-examination anxiety and more negative behavior during clinical examination (p = 0.029); these correlations were not observed in the control group. Conclusions: Language differences between the dentist and the patient did not increase anxiety or negative behavior in children during dental examinations within this sample. Non-verbal communication and the presence of a translating parent may be important mediating factors in reducing anxiety among pediatric patients when language barriers exist. Future larger, well-controlled studies are needed. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1562 KB  
Article
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Electrolytic Implant Surface Decontamination in Peri-Implantitis Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
by Nicola De Angelis, Paolo Pesce, Giulia Santamaria, Esteban Colombo, Catherine Yumang and Maria Menini
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070447 - 16 Jul 2026
Viewed by 251
Abstract
Background: To compare the short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of electrolytic versus conventional mechanical implant surface decontamination during surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 20 implants affected by peri-implantitis in 20 patients. Ten implants were treated using electrolytic implant [...] Read more.
Background: To compare the short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of electrolytic versus conventional mechanical implant surface decontamination during surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 20 implants affected by peri-implantitis in 20 patients. Ten implants were treated using electrolytic implant surface decontamination, while 10 implants received conventional mechanical decontamination with titanium curettes, chitosan brushes, and glycine powder air-polishing. In addition, regenerative therapy of the peri-implant defect was performed in 8 of the 20 treated sites, equally distributed between the two groups (4 sites per group). Clinical and radiographic parameters, including probing depth (PD) and radiographic bone loss, were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed using parametric statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results: Both treatment protocols resulted in statistically significant improvements in probing depth reduction and radiographic bone fill after 6 months (p < 0.001). In the electrolytic group, mean PD decreased from 6.7 ± 0.95 mm to 4.0 ± 0.2 mm, while in the conventional group, PD decreased from 6.8 ± 1.03 mm to 3.3 ± 0.3 mm. Radiographic bone loss decreased from 4.88 ± 0.70 mm to 0.94 ± 0.70 mm in the electrolytic group and from 4.88 ± 1.83 mm to 0.94 ± 1.14 mm in the conventional group. No statistically significant intergroup differences were observed for probing depth reduction or radiographic bone level changes. No implant losses occurred during the observation period. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this retrospective study, both electrolytic and conventional mechanical implant surface decontamination protocols resulted in significant short-term clinical and radiographic improvements following peri-implantitis surgery. Electrolytic cleaning demonstrated outcomes comparable to conventional therapy and may represent a viable alternative for implant surface decontamination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations and Challenges in Dental Implantology: Clinical Practice and Beyond)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2223 KB  
Article
Influence of Implant-Specific Characteristics on Insertion Torque and Primary Stability: An Ex Vivo Comparison of Two Implant Systems with a Shared Macrodesign
by Peter Gehrke, Philipp Klose, Maria Julia Pietruska, Günter Dhom, Octavio Weinhold, Jörg Neugebauer, Paul Weigl and Robert Sader
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070446 - 16 Jul 2026
Viewed by 270
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare insertion torque (IT) and primary stability, assessed by resonance frequency analysis (RFA), between two implant systems with a shared macrodesign but different surface morphology and titanium grade in a standardized ex vivo porcine [...] Read more.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare insertion torque (IT) and primary stability, assessed by resonance frequency analysis (RFA), between two implant systems with a shared macrodesign but different surface morphology and titanium grade in a standardized ex vivo porcine bone model. Methods: Sixty implants (OmniTaper EV and Xive; n = 30 per group) were inserted into standardized porcine rib bone blocks using identical osteotomy protocols. Peak insertion torque and primary stability, assessed by resonance frequency analysis (RFA), were recorded immediately after placement. Between-group differences were evaluated using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Bone density did not differ significantly between groups. OmniTaper EV implants demonstrated significantly higher insertion torque (28.2 ± 6.5 Ncm vs. 24.2 ± 6.2 Ncm; p = 0.020) and higher ISQ values (74.1 ± 6.0 vs. 69.8 ± 6.9; p = 0.013) than Xive implants. Mixed-effects analyses confirmed both findings after adjustment for clustering. No significant correlation was found between insertion torque and ISQ. Conclusions: Despite sharing a common implant design concept and standardized osteotomy preparation, the investigated implant systems demonstrated significant differences in insertion torque and primary stability. The findings indicate that implant-specific characteristics, including surface morphology and titanium grade, may influence implant–bone interface mechanics during insertion. However, their individual contributions cannot be distinguished within the present study design and should therefore be interpreted as the combined influence of implant-specific characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implant Dentistry—the Surgical Prosthetic Interplay)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 9976 KB  
Case Report
Management of the Post-Extraction Socket with Buccal Dehiscence in the Esthetic Zone Associated with Immediate Implant Placement Using L-PRF and CTG for Periosteal Inhibition: A Case Report
by Giuseppe Balice, Matteo Serroni, Alessio Frisone, Stefania Di Gregorio, Mauro Di Berardino, Giacinto Di Placido, Corrado Cesaretti, Giovanna Murmura and Michele Paolantonio
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070445 - 16 Jul 2026
Viewed by 264
Abstract
Background: Management of post-extraction sockets with buccal dehiscence in the esthetic zone remains clinically challenging, particularly when immediate implant placement is indicated. Conventional approaches often rely on guided bone regeneration (GBR) with biomaterials, which may increase surgical complexity and morbidity. This case report [...] Read more.
Background: Management of post-extraction sockets with buccal dehiscence in the esthetic zone remains clinically challenging, particularly when immediate implant placement is indicated. Conventional approaches often rely on guided bone regeneration (GBR) with biomaterials, which may increase surgical complexity and morbidity. This case report evaluates the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a fully autologous approach combining leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and connective tissue graft (CTG) in conjunction with immediate implant placement. Methods: A 50-year-old healthy patient presenting with a fractured maxillary lateral incisor and buccal bone dehiscence underwent atraumatic extraction, immediate implant placement, and simultaneous site management using L-PRF membranes and CTG. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at baseline (T0) and after 12 months (T1). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to assess horizontal bone thickness (HBT) at multiple apico-coronal levels and vertical evaluation parameters, including nasal floor–crest distance (NF–AC). Clinical outcomes included probing pocket depth (PPD), keratinized tissue width (KT), gingival thickness (GT) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Results: Radiographic analysis demonstrated increased HBT at all levels (+1.4 mm at 9 mm, +3.1 mm at 12 mm, +3.2 mm at 15 mm, and +2.6 mm at 18 mm). NF-AC showed a marked increase (+2.7 mm) and substantial reduction in the buccal dehiscence defect. Clinically, KT increased by +2.0 mm and GT by +1.8 mm. Healing was uneventful, with minimal postoperative discomfort and high patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Within the limitations of a single case report, the combined use of L-PRF and CTG with immediate implant placement was associated with favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes. These preliminary findings suggest that a fully autologous, biologically driven approach may represent a potential alveolar ridge preservation strategy and a biomaterial-sparing alternative to conventional GBR in carefully selected cases. Further controlled studies are required to confirm these observations and define the indications and limitations of this approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dental Implantology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 959 KB  
Article
Bone Remodeling by Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME): Evidence from the Monitoring of Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Salivary Matrix
by Vincenzo Brescia, Domenico Ciavarella, Roberto Lovero, Maria Bisceglia, Mauro Lorusso, Francesco Testa, Lucia Varraso, Antonietta Fontana, Francesca Di Serio, Vito Crincoli and Angela Pia Cazzolla
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070444 - 16 Jul 2026
Viewed by 295
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Orthodontic treatment with a Rapid Maxillary Expander (RME) induces stress on the mid-palatal suture and involves the surrounding craniofacial sutures, leading to significant variations in bone turnover markers (BTMs). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether monitoring biomarkers of bone [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Orthodontic treatment with a Rapid Maxillary Expander (RME) induces stress on the mid-palatal suture and involves the surrounding craniofacial sutures, leading to significant variations in bone turnover markers (BTMs). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether monitoring biomarkers of bone resorption and deposition in saliva could provide indications for assessing RME treatment effectiveness in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Dental Clinic of Foggia in collaboration with the Clinical Pathology Unit of the Policlinico-Bari from January 2023 to September 2025. Salivary samples were collected using cotton swabs (SALIVETTE®, SARSTEDT, Nümbrecht-Elsenroth, Germany) from 47 patients (aged 9–13 years) presenting with Class I dental and skeletal relationships and transverse maxillary deficiency. Samples were collected at five time points: before RME application (t0), and 15 (t1), 30 (t2), 45 (t3), and 60 (t4) days after the start of expansion. For pairwise comparisons of concentrations at different time points the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression were used to analyze the relationships between different biomarker concentrations over time. Spearman correlation was used to assess relationships between BTM concentrations at the different time points. Results: The Wilcoxon test showed that the medians of the differences for P1NP measurements were statistically significant at all time points, except between t0 and t1. Differences in PTHrP concentrations were significant, except for the comparison of t2 and t3 relative to t4. No statistically significant differences were observed for TRAcP across any measurement times. ANOVA yielded a high F-value for P1NP (F = 3.6128; p = 0.0128), indicating significant variation, whereas the F-ratios for PTHrP (F = 1.3329; p = 0.2736) and TRAcP (F = 1.3915; p = 0.2534) were close to 1, suggesting non-significant variability. Spearman correlation indicated that P1NP showed the strongest relationships with temporal variables. Discussion and Conclusions: Rapid maxillary expansion results in a significant increase in P1NP levels, reflecting collagen deposition and the onset of bone formation. This preliminary study on saliva highlights how biochemical changes can support clinicians in monitoring and validating the effectiveness of treatment. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 2001 KB  
Review
mHealth for Oral Care in Aging: A Narrative Review of Mobile Applications for Older Adults and Caregivers
by Mireya Martínez-García, Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Esparza, Socorro Aída Borges-Yañez and Enrique Hernández-Lemus
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070443 - 15 Jul 2026
Viewed by 415
Abstract
Population aging, persistent oral health inequalities, and growing reliance on informal caregiving are creating new challenges for oral healthcare systems worldwide. Mobile health technologies (mHealth) are increasingly being used to support oral health promotion, self-care, monitoring, caregiver assistance, and workforce training. However, it [...] Read more.
Population aging, persistent oral health inequalities, and growing reliance on informal caregiving are creating new challenges for oral healthcare systems worldwide. Mobile health technologies (mHealth) are increasingly being used to support oral health promotion, self-care, monitoring, caregiver assistance, and workforce training. However, it remains unclear whether existing applications adequately address the needs of older adults and their caregivers. This narrative review examined the current landscape of mHealth applications for oral health in aging populations, with particular attention to tools supporting self-care, clinical monitoring, caregiver assistance, and primary healthcare training. Following the SANRA framework, we reviewed studies published between January 2000 and May 2026 and analyzed their functionalities, target users, usability, and the evidence supporting their development and implementation. Applications for oral health education and literacy were the most frequently reported. In contrast, relatively few tools were developed specifically for caregivers, dependent older adults, or individuals with cognitive impairment. Cultural and linguistic adaptation was also uncommon. Across categories, most applications had been evaluated primarily through usability or feasibility studies, with limited evidence regarding clinical effectiveness, long-term outcomes, or integration into routine healthcare services. Viewed in the context of the WHO Decade of Healthy Ageing 2021–2030 and the Global Strategy and Action Plan on Oral Health 2023–2030, these findings suggest that while mHealth may contribute to improving oral healthcare for older adults, important gaps remain in clinical validation, accessibility, and adaptation to diverse populations and care settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dental Education)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 979 KB  
Systematic Review
The Impact of Luting Agents on the Pulp of Vital Teeth: A Systematic Review
by Georgia Andreou, Maria Dede, Ioanna Pouliezou and Nikolaos P. Kerezoudis
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070442 - 15 Jul 2026
Viewed by 360
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Luting agents are used to cement indirect restorations to teeth, and some of their components may induce pulpal reactions. This systematic review aims to evaluate the biocompatibility and effects of contemporary luting cements on the vital pulp. Methods: A comprehensive [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Luting agents are used to cement indirect restorations to teeth, and some of their components may induce pulpal reactions. This systematic review aims to evaluate the biocompatibility and effects of contemporary luting cements on the vital pulp. Methods: A comprehensive review of electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted for studies published between 2000 and 2026. Search strategies included MeSH terms, Boolean operators, and controlled vocabulary. Eligible studies included in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo, and clinical trials assessing pulpal responses to definitive luting cements in vital teeth or human-relevant pulp cell models. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool for clinical studies, QUIN for in vitro studies, SYRCLE for animal studies, and ROBINS-I for non-randomized human in vivo designs. Due to heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not performed, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: From 1514 records, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria. Evidence was heterogeneous across study designs and outcomes. Human in vivo studies showed that short-term pulpal inflammation decreased over time, influenced by the remaining dentin thickness and material type. Clinical studies reported variable postoperative sensitivity. In vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrated material- and protocol-dependent effects on cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, monomer release, and intrapulpal temperature rise. Conclusions: Luting cement selection should be case-dependent. Dual-cure, self-adhesive resin cements appear to demonstrate favorable biocompatibility in vital teeth; however, application protocols may influence cytotoxicity. Further clinically relevant studies are needed to support safer and biologically wise material selection. Registration: PROSPERO CRD420251156047. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Present Status and Future Directions in Endodontics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 807 KB  
Article
Life Cycle Assessment of Impacted Tooth Surgery Under Different Clinical Scenarios
by Szidonia-Krisztina Veress, Adina Simona Coșarcă, Bálint Botond Bögözi, Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé and Melinda Székely
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070441 - 15 Jul 2026
Viewed by 408
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Dental procedures are generally not considered environmentally sustainable; however, there is a growing emphasis on the implementation of environmentally conscious practices in dentistry. Despite this shift, the environmental impact of oral surgical interventions remains insufficiently investigated. The odontectomy of impacted teeth [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Dental procedures are generally not considered environmentally sustainable; however, there is a growing emphasis on the implementation of environmentally conscious practices in dentistry. Despite this shift, the environmental impact of oral surgical interventions remains insufficiently investigated. The odontectomy of impacted teeth represents the most frequently performed procedure in oral surgery. The aim of this study was to conduct a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of the odontectomy of submucosal and intraosseous impacted teeth. Methods: To perform the life cycle assessment, a life cycle inventory was compiled based on the observation and measurement of odontectomy procedures carried out at the dental clinic of George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Romania. The analysis was carried out using the OpenLCA 2.5 software and the ReCiPe 2016 v1.03 midpoint and endpoint impact categories. Results: Odontectomy of intraosseous impacted teeth had higher environmental impact values than submucosal procedures across all midpoint categories examined. The climate change (GWP) results were 1.43 kg CO2-eq (submucosal) and 1.56 kg CO2-eq (intraosseous) in the average-case scenario, while in the worst-case scenario these values increased to 2.21 and 2.35 kg CO2-eq, respectively. The overall DALY value was also higher in the intraosseous group. Single-use materials contributed the most to the majority of impact categories, while the contribution of reusable instruments was also noticeably higher in intraosseous procedures. Conclusions: A comparison of the two surgical procedures indicates that the environmental burden is primarily associated with the complexity of the procedure and the associated equipment requirements. Integrating sustainability considerations into clinical protocols could potentially yield significant environmental benefits in oral surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1266 KB  
Article
Air Pollution and Oral Health in the European Union: Preventive System Capacity as a Structural Modifier of Caries Burden
by Cassandra Lupita, Anca-Cristina Perpelea, Laura-Cristina Rusu, Iulia Muntean, Oana-Ramona Lobonț and Magda-Mihaela Luca
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070440 - 15 Jul 2026
Viewed by 300
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Environmental air pollution and structural barriers to preventive dental care are increasingly recognized as determinants of population health inequalities. However, their combined association with oral disease burden across European Union (EU) Member States remains insufficiently examined. This study evaluated whether ambient particulate [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Environmental air pollution and structural barriers to preventive dental care are increasingly recognized as determinants of population health inequalities. However, their combined association with oral disease burden across European Union (EU) Member States remains insufficiently examined. This study evaluated whether ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with oral health outcomes and whether preventive system capacity modifies this association. Methods: An ecological panel analysis was conducted using country-level data from the 27 EU Member States for the period 2020–2023. Age-standardized prevalence of untreated dental caries (primary outcome), edentulism (secondary outcome), and periodontal diseases (exploratory outcome) were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease database. PM2.5 exposure was operationalized using national mean annual baseline values. Preventive care access was proxied by the percentage of the population reporting unmet dental care needs (Eurostat EU-SILC). Pooled panel regression models with year fixed effects and country-clustered robust standard errors were estimated. An interaction term between PM2.5 exposure and unmet dental care needs was included to assess effect modification. Results: PM2.5 exposure was not independently associated with caries prevalence after adjustment for preventive access and GDP per capita. However, a statistically significant interaction was observed: higher PM2.5 levels were associated with increased caries prevalence in countries reporting greater unmet dental care needs. PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with edentulism prevalence, independent of preventive access. No significant associations were detected for periodontal diseases. Conclusions: Based on this ecological analysis of European Union Member States, higher PM2.5 exposure in combination with greater unmet dental care needs was associated with higher population-level caries prevalence, whereas PM2.5 exposure alone showed a positive association with edentulism prevalence. These findings are exploratory and should be interpreted with caution, given the use of aggregated country-level data, the potential for ecological fallacy, and the absence of causal inference. Further individual-level and longitudinal studies are needed to clarify these relationships and their underlying mechanisms. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 464 KB  
Article
Health Literacy and Oral Health Behaviors Among Dental Medicine Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Adina Oana Armencia, Roxana-Ionela Vasluianu, Andrei Nicolau, Monica Mihaela Scutariu, Alice Murariu, Irina Grădinaru, Laurian Lucian Francu, Anca Rapis, Irina Bamboi and Carina Ana-Maria Balcos
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070439 - 15 Jul 2026
Viewed by 351
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Health literacy is closely related to preventive behaviors, but its connection with actual oral health practices is still not fully clear, especially in the digital context. This study aimed to assess the association between general health literacy, digital oral health literacy, and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Health literacy is closely related to preventive behaviors, but its connection with actual oral health practices is still not fully clear, especially in the digital context. This study aimed to assess the association between general health literacy, digital oral health literacy, and oral health behaviors among dental medicine students. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 304 students. General health literacy was assessed using HLS-EU-Q16, digital oral health literacy using SMOHLQ, and oral health behaviors using HU-DBI. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, and linear regression models. Results: Oral health behaviors were moderate, while general literacy ranged from problematic to adequate, and digital literacy was high. No significant associations were identified between general health literacy and oral health behaviors (p > 0.05). Digital oral health literacy showed weak negative correlations with behaviors (r = −0.136, p = 0.018). Place of residence was a significant predictor (β = −0.394, p < 0.001), with the model explaining 16.2% of the variance. Conclusions: In this sample of dental medicine students, health literacy was not clearly related to better oral health behaviors. Digital oral health literacy was generally high, but its association with oral health behaviors was weak. Place of residence was associated with oral health behaviors, suggesting that preventive educational approaches for dental medicine students should also consider contextual factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dental Education)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

30 pages, 1634 KB  
Article
Dental Anxiety Prevalence, Correlates, and Patient-Preferred Management Strategies in Romanian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey
by Laurențiu Drăguș, Magdalena Rusu-Negraia, Simona-Dana Mitincu-Caramfil, Cătălina-Andreea Florea, Ionela-Violeta Ragea, Valeriu Ardeleanu, Ramona-Oana Roșca, Rares Nicolae Vadana and Marius Moroianu
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 438; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070438 - 14 Jul 2026
Viewed by 341
Abstract
Background: Dental anxiety constitutes a prevalent barrier to oral healthcare utilization, yet patient-centered data on its prevalence, symptom profile, and preferred management strategies remain scarce in Romanian adult populations. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and demographic correlates of self-reported dental [...] Read more.
Background: Dental anxiety constitutes a prevalent barrier to oral healthcare utilization, yet patient-centered data on its prevalence, symptom profile, and preferred management strategies remain scarce in Romanian adult populations. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and demographic correlates of self-reported dental anxiety, identify the most anxiety-provoking procedures, evaluate the perceived efficacy of anxiety-reduction strategies, and characterize patient preferences for improved anxiety management in the dental setting. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using an anonymous 18-item online questionnaire (Google Forms) among 223 Romanian adults (≥18 years), recruited via convenience sampling between May and June 2025. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact test, Cramér’s V, and ordinal logistic regression (proportional odds model) were applied (Python 3.11; pandas, scipy, statsmodels). Results: Any degree of self-reported pre-procedural anxiety was endorsed by 60.5% of respondents, with 11.7% reporting moderate-to-severe levels. In the fully adjusted multivariable model (Model 2), female sex (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.04–3.14, p = 0.037) and chronic medical conditions (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.21–12.20, p = 0.022) were independent predictors of higher anxiety severity, although the chronic disease estimate was based on a small subgroup (n = 13) and its wide confidence interval indicates limited precision. Tooth extractions (49.8%) and periodontal surgery (39.5%) were the most anxiety-provoking procedures. Despite this high prevalence of self-reported anxiety, 66.4% of participants had never employed any coping strategy. Detailed procedural explanations provided by the clinician were consistently identified as the dominant patient-preferred intervention across four independent survey items (endorsed by 24.7–77.6% of respondents). A highly significant association was observed between anxiety status and perceived inadequacy of staff anxiety management (χ2 = 22.406, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Self-reported dental anxiety affects the majority of this Romanian adult sample, with communication-based strategies representing the primary patient-centered priority. These findings support integrating structured communication training and standardized anxiety screening into routine dental practice. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 4529 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Fracture Resistance in Teeth with Iatrogenic Perforations Repaired Using the Newly Developed Materials NeoPUTTY and NeoMTA 2: An In Vitro Comparative Study
by Flora Kakoura, Kleoniki Lyroudia, Nikolaos Economides and Georgios Mikrogeorgis
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070437 - 14 Jul 2026
Viewed by 725
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare the fracture resistance (FR) of teeth with simulated root perforations repaired using NeoMTA 2, NeoPUTTY, and Biodentine. Methods: Sixty-five single-rooted human teeth were decoronated to a standardized length of 13 mm from the apex. Their [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare the fracture resistance (FR) of teeth with simulated root perforations repaired using NeoMTA 2, NeoPUTTY, and Biodentine. Methods: Sixty-five single-rooted human teeth were decoronated to a standardized length of 13 mm from the apex. Their weight, mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions were recorded for even distribution across five groups (n = 13). The teeth in the three experimental groups were instrumented. Standardized 1 mm perforations were created on the buccal root surface at a fixed 105° angle using a precision apparatus. The canals were then obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The perforations were subsequently repaired with NeoMTA 2, NeoPUTTY, or Biodentine. The positive control (PC) group included instrumented and perforated roots, while the negative control (NC) group comprised untreated, intact roots. All control group data used in this study were derived from previously published research. Fracture testing was conducted with a universal testing machine applying a compressive vertical load at 1 mm/min until fracture occurred. The forces were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a post hoc Tukey test. Results: The mean fracture loads were as follows: NC Group: 342.68 ± 146.45 N, PC Group: 212.66 ± 77.89 N, NeoMTA 2 Group: 314.34 ± 131.41 N, NeoPUTTY Group: 243.76 ± 93.71 N, and Biodentine Group: 263.73 ± 94.63 N. No statistically significant differences were observed among experimental groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The three biomaterials showed similar strengthening effects but did not fully restore fracture strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Present Status and Future Directions in Endodontics)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 552 KB  
Article
International Variability in the Diagnosis and Management of Ankyloglossia Among Dental Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Elvira Ferrés-Amat, Carlos Perez-Torres, Maria Carmela Giovannelli, Ana Vallés-Creixell, Constanza Sanchez-Davila, Paulina Aliaga Sancho, Claudia Naranjo Camilla, Ana Luísa Costa, Ana Veloso Duran, Lluis Giner-Tarrida and Francisco Guinot
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070436 - 14 Jul 2026
Viewed by 314
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Ankyloglossia diagnosis and management remain widely debated in dentistry, with variability reported in clinical decision-making and treatment approaches. Limited international evidence exists comparing how dental professionals diagnose and manage this condition in early childhood. This study aimed to compare the knowledge, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Ankyloglossia diagnosis and management remain widely debated in dentistry, with variability reported in clinical decision-making and treatment approaches. Limited international evidence exists comparing how dental professionals diagnose and manage this condition in early childhood. This study aimed to compare the knowledge, diagnostic criteria, and clinical management of ankyloglossia among dental professionals in six countries and to assess whether shared diagnostic and management approaches exist for babies (≤6 months) and infants (>6 months). Methods: A multicountry cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated 27-item online questionnaire distributed between February 2023 and February 2025 to dental professionals in Spain, Italy, Portugal, Brazil, Ecuador, and Chile. Participants included paediatric dentists, oral surgeons, general dentists, and other dental specialists. Only fully completed questionnaires were analyzed. Primary outcomes included self-reported diagnostic practices, use of classification systems, and management strategies for ankyloglossia. Secondary outcomes included professional training, interdisciplinary collaboration, surgical techniques, and pain management practices. Results: A total of 1188 dental professionals participated. Overall, 80.7% reported routinely examining the lingual frenulum, while 42.4% used formal classification systems. Tongue mobility assessment was the most commonly reported diagnostic method, with significant variation across countries and professional groups (p < 0.001). Specific training in diagnosis was reported by 67.2% of participants, whereas 50.6% reported treatment training, with marked inter-country differences (p < 0.001). Surgical intervention was the most commonly reported management strategy (38.7%), particularly in babies ≤ 6 months, with frenotomy/frenulotomy being the predominant procedure. Considerable variability was observed in surgical techniques, pain management, and recommendations for adjunctive therapies. Conclusions: Substantial international variability exists in the diagnosis, classification, and management of ankyloglossia among dental professionals. These findings highlight gaps in training and the absence of standardized, evidence-based clinical guidelines, underscoring the need for consensus-driven protocols to support consistent and multidisciplinary clinical care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health in the Maternal, Infant and Adolescent Populations)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 10584 KB  
Case Report
Orthodontic Space Management and Mandibular First Premolar Autotransplantation Following Traumatic Anterior Tooth Loss in a Child with Five-Year Clinical and Radiographic Follow-Up: A Case Report
by Viviana-Elena Tesinschi, Pawel Plakwicz, Arina Vinereanu, Liviu Mirea and Loredana Golovcencu
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070435 - 13 Jul 2026
Viewed by 432
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The management of severe anterior dental trauma in growing patients remains a clinical challenge. This case report describes the treatment of a 10-year-old boy presenting with traumatic loss of maxillary anterior teeth following a road traffic accident, including avulsion of two permanent [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The management of severe anterior dental trauma in growing patients remains a clinical challenge. This case report describes the treatment of a 10-year-old boy presenting with traumatic loss of maxillary anterior teeth following a road traffic accident, including avulsion of two permanent incisors and a primary canine, associated with luxation and intrusion of the contralateral central incisor. Methods: A multidisciplinary approach involving paediatric dentistry, orthodontics, oral surgery, and restorative dentistry was implemented. Treatment aimed to preserve the traumatised incisor and restore the anterior maxillary region through a biological approach combining mandibular first premolar autotransplantation and orthodontic space management. Results: The transplanted first mandibular premolar demonstrated favourable healing, with continued root development and a satisfactory crown-to-root ratio. After orthodontic treatment, the tooth was restored with a composite veneer, achieving good aesthetic and functional outcomes, maintained at the 5-year follow-up. Conclusions: This case highlights that autotransplantation combined with orthodontic space management may represent a viable treatment option in carefully selected growing patients, allowing preservation of alveolar bone, function, and aesthetics. Appropriate surgical, orthodontic, and restorative planning was crucial to the treatment’s success. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Restorative Dentistry and Traumatology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1526 KB  
Article
Microhardness Recovery Kinetics, Surface Roughness Trajectories, and Erosive Wear Susceptibility of Enamel After Three In-Office Bleaching Protocols: A 28-Day In Vitro Investigation
by Berivan Laura Rebeca Buzatu, Magda Mihaela Luca and Roxana Buzatu
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070434 - 13 Jul 2026
Viewed by 222
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In-office bleaching is one of the most requested aesthetic procedures, but its biomechanical aftermath on enamel—particularly the recovery trajectory of microhardness, surface roughness, and erosive vulnerability—remains incompletely characterised. The present study quantified the 28-day mechanical recovery profile of enamel after [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: In-office bleaching is one of the most requested aesthetic procedures, but its biomechanical aftermath on enamel—particularly the recovery trajectory of microhardness, surface roughness, and erosive vulnerability—remains incompletely characterised. The present study quantified the 28-day mechanical recovery profile of enamel after three commonly used chairside bleaching protocols and examined inter-relationships between mechanical, topographic and erosive endpoints. Methods: Forty-two human molars and premolars (27 molars, 15 premolars) extracted for clinical reasons and previously catalogued in the institutional biobank were sectioned along the cervical–occlusal axis to obtain matched control and experimental halves. The experimental halves were assigned (n = 14 per group) to Opalescence Quick (45% carbamide peroxide, no light), Opalescence Boost (40% hydrogen peroxide, chemically activated), or BlancOne Ultra+ (35% hydrogen peroxide with light activation). Vickers microhardness (VHN), profilometric roughness (Ra), and erosive wear after a standardised citric-acid challenge were measured at baseline, immediately post-bleaching, and at 24 h, 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d in artificial saliva. Wilcoxon signed-rank, Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc, linear mixed-effects models, multiple linear regression, ROC analysis, and Spearman correlations were used (α = 0.05). Results: Immediate VHN drops were −13.2 ± 3.9%, −22.6 ± 3.6%, and −29.6 ± 4.7% for Opalescence Quick, Opalescence Boost, and BlancOne Ultra+, respectively. By 28 days, recovery reached 97.4 ± 2.2%, 96.0 ± 2.9%, and 91.6 ± 2.3% of baseline (p < 0.001). Exponential rate constants were 0.137, 0.075, and 0.092 d−1. Erosive wear after acid challenge was 2.1×, 2.8×, and 3.8× control values. ROC analysis identified Δ-immediate Ra as the strongest predictor of incomplete recovery (AUC = 0.859). Conclusions: Higher-aggression protocols delayed mechanical recovery and amplified erosive susceptibility, with light-activated systems carrying the greatest residual risk. These in vitro findings provide an evidence base for the design of future clinical studies on post-bleaching enamel recovery and remineralisation. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 827 KB  
Article
The SPACES Framework: Sustainable Oral Health Programs for Older Adults
by Joanna Cheuk Yan Hui, Lindsey Lingxi Hu, Ivy Gaofang Sun, Alice Kit Ying Chan and Chun Hung Chu
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070433 - 13 Jul 2026
Viewed by 363
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Traditional community oral health programs (COHPs) often remain reactive, clinic-based, and insufficiently integrated with medical, social, and aged-care systems. As a result, they may be poorly positioned to address the needs of older adults experiencing multimorbidity, mobility limitations, cognitive impairment, care dependency, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Traditional community oral health programs (COHPs) often remain reactive, clinic-based, and insufficiently integrated with medical, social, and aged-care systems. As a result, they may be poorly positioned to address the needs of older adults experiencing multimorbidity, mobility limitations, cognitive impairment, care dependency, and financial or geographic barriers. This paper proposes SPACES, an implementation-oriented conceptual framework for designing, delivering, and evaluating community oral health programs for older adults. Methods: SPACES was developed through a targeted interpretive synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, policy guidance, and implementation-oriented sources related to oral health, healthy aging, integrated care, access barriers, workforce development, and sustainable service delivery. Results: The framework comprises six interconnected domains: Scalable Prevention and Education, Partnerships Across Sectors, Adaptive Care Coordination, Community Access Solutions, Empowered Workforce Development, and Sustainable Service Models. It is intended primarily for adults aged 60 years and older, while allowing adaptation in jurisdictions that use 65 years and older as the eligibility threshold. The framework applies across community, home care, assisted living, and long-term care settings. SPACES organizes evidence-informed components for older-adult oral health, including routine screening, caregiver-supported daily mouth care, risk-stratified prevention, referral pathways, proximity-based service delivery, geriatric workforce competencies, task sharing, sustainable financing, governance, and quality improvement. Conclusions: SPACES is presented not as a tested intervention but as a conceptual and program-planning tool to help planners clarify responsibilities, identify equity gaps, align cross-sector resources, and select measurable implementation indicators. Future stakeholder refinement and empirical evaluation are needed through co-design, pragmatic implementation studies, and real-world assessment of feasibility, acceptability, cost, equity impact, and oral health outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dental Education)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1025 KB  
Article
Characterization of Digital Jaw Tracking Values in Prosthetic Rehabilitations: A Case Series
by Sofia Lobo, Vanessa Machado, Inês Argolinha, João Rua, José João Mendes, Junying Li and João Botelho
Dent. J. 2026, 14(7), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070432 - 13 Jul 2026
Viewed by 296
Abstract
Background/Objectives: To characterize clinical values obtained from a digital jaw tracking system during the functional assessment of mandibular movements in patients undergoing prosthetic rehabilitation. Methods: Ten patients undergoing prosthetic rehabilitation were included. Mandibular movements were recorded using the Zebris JMA Jaw [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: To characterize clinical values obtained from a digital jaw tracking system during the functional assessment of mandibular movements in patients undergoing prosthetic rehabilitation. Methods: Ten patients undergoing prosthetic rehabilitation were included. Mandibular movements were recorded using the Zebris JMA Jaw Tracking System and measurements including maximum mouth opening, lateral excursions, protrusion, and condylar path length. Descriptive analyses were performed. Quantitative parameters were summarized as mean ± standard deviation and range and compared with normative values reported in the literature. Results: Ten participants completed mandibular kinematics registration (8 female, 2 male). Considerable interindividual variability was observed across all parameters. Mean maximum opening was 38.19 ± 10.99 mm (range 22.5–59.6 mm), mean protrusion 5.79 ± 4.47 mm (range 3.0–17.8 mm), mean right lateral excursion 6.56 ± 3.06 mm, and mean left lateral excursion 4.90 ± 2.11 mm. Lateral asymmetry was identified in 5 out of 10 patients. Bilateral condylar path length asymmetry had a mean of 3.59 ± 1.89 mm. Conclusions: Values obtained through the jaw tracking system demonstrated considerable interindividual variability in this prosthetic rehabilitation population. These preliminary findings support the need for further research to characterize normative kinematic values in this specific population and to evaluate the clinical impact of integrating jaw tracking data into prosthetic planning workflows. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-74
Previous Issue
Next Issue
Back to TopTop