Next Issue
Volume 15, June-1
Previous Issue
Volume 15, May-1
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
8.5
4.4
Journals
Nanomaterials
Volume 15
Issue 10
share announcement

Nanomaterials, Volume 15, Issue 10 (May-2 2025) – 75 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Three-dimensional folded MoS2 devices, fabricated via mechanical exfoliation/pre-strain, achieve quadruple photocurrent polarity switching (negative–positive–negative–positive) through band reconstruction at folded zones, overcoming planar devices’ single-polarity constraints. Folded regions exhibit 40× enhanced photocurrent via pn junction-like built-in fields, while voltage modulation (−150/+200 mV) dynamically tunes response polarity via deformation electric field synergy. The band bending underpins polarity reversals. This "geometric deformation-band engineering" framework enables programmable optoelectronic sensing and neuromorphic applications through tunable 2D material configurations. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
  • You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.
Order results
Result details
Section
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
18 pages, 3283 KiB  
Article
Ru-Doped Induced Phase Engineering of MoS2 for Boosting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
by Renjie Li, Meng Yu, Junjie Li, Ning Wang, Xiaolong Yang and Yanhua Peng
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 777; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100777 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 126
Abstract
Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) holds great potential as a sustainable strategy for green hydrogen production. However, it still faces significant challenges due to the lack of highly efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, a synergistic approach by incorporating Ru atoms into MoS2 nanosheets to [...] Read more.
Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) holds great potential as a sustainable strategy for green hydrogen production. However, it still faces significant challenges due to the lack of highly efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, a synergistic approach by incorporating Ru atoms into MoS2 nanosheets to optimize the structure and conductivity has been proposed, which could improve the HER performance of MoS2 under alkaline conditions. Combining theoretical calculations and structural characterizations, it is demonstrated that the Ru atom introduction leads to the localized distortions of MoS2, generating additional active sites for H* adsorption, and reduces the free energy to adsorb and desorb hydrogen. Furthermore, the Ru introduction makes partial transformation from the 2H phase to the 1T phase in MoS2, which results in the change of the electronic structure and further enhances the electrical conductivity. As a result, the Ru-doped MoS2 electrocatalysts exhibit the high HER activities with the low overpotentials of 61 mV and 79 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH and alkaline seawater, respectively. This work provides a novel design strategy for enhancing HER activity through the synergistic modulation of structural and electronic properties, offering valuable insights for the development of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectrocatalysts for Energy and Environmental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 3620 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Insights from Accelerated Stress Testing and IL-TEM Analysis
by Angelina S. Pavlets, Elizaveta A. Moguchikh, Ilya V. Pankov, Yana V. Astravukh, Sergey V. Belenov and Anastasia A. Alekseenko
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100776 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 95
Abstract
This report introduces a high-performance bimetallic electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) featuring a 20 wt.% platinum content. The PtCu-based catalyst combines de-alloyed nanoparticles (NPs) supported on nitrogen-doped carbon. Enhanced uniformity in NP distribution significantly boosts the catalyst performance. Nitrogen-doped carbon provides [...] Read more.
This report introduces a high-performance bimetallic electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) featuring a 20 wt.% platinum content. The PtCu-based catalyst combines de-alloyed nanoparticles (NPs) supported on nitrogen-doped carbon. Enhanced uniformity in NP distribution significantly boosts the catalyst performance. Nitrogen-doped carbon provides active centers for NP deposition, which is confirmed by HAADF-STEM and EDX. The PtCu/CN catalyst achieves over 5.6 times the ORR mass activity and two times the stability under pulse cycling compared to commercial Pt/C. Uniquely, the study examines bimetallic NPs and local nano-sites before and after stress testing using IL-TEM. In situ analysis of PtCu/CN microstructure revealed two primary degradation mechanisms, (i) partial dissolution of NPs and (ii) NP agglomeration, with the C–N support significantly mitigating these effects through strong NP–support interactions. The findings underscore the prospects of bimetallic PtCu catalysts with nitrogen-doped support by showcasing exceptional ORR activity and durability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion Systems)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 15318 KiB  
Article
Breaking the Hardness-Wear Trade-Off: Quantitative Correlation in Nano-Al2O3-Reinforced Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4 High-Entropy Alloys
by Cong Feng, Huan Wang and Yaping Wang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100775 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 109
Abstract
Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) exhibit distinct characteristics compared to conventional single-principal element-based metallic materials, primarily due to their unique design, resulting in intricate microstructural features. Currently, a comprehensive understanding of the fabrication processes, compositional design, and microstructural influence on the tribological and corrosion [...] Read more.
Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) exhibit distinct characteristics compared to conventional single-principal element-based metallic materials, primarily due to their unique design, resulting in intricate microstructural features. Currently, a comprehensive understanding of the fabrication processes, compositional design, and microstructural influence on the tribological and corrosion behavior of multi-component alloys remains limited. While the hardness of MPEAs generally correlates positively with wear resistance, with higher hardness typically associated with improved wear resistance and reduced wear rates, quantitative relationships between these properties are not well established. In this study, the Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4 alloy was selected as a model system. A homogeneous Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4 alloy was successfully synthesized via mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). To further investigate the correlation between hardness and wear rate, varying concentrations of alumina nanoparticles were incorporated into the alloy matrix as a reinforcing phase. The results revealed that the Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4 alloy exhibited a single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, which was maintained with the addition of alumina nanoparticles. The hardness of the Al10Cr17Fe20NiV4 alloy without nano-alumina was 727 HV, with a corresponding wear rate of 2.9 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1. The incorporation of nano-alumina increased the hardness to 823 HV, and significantly reduced the wear rate to 1.6 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1, representing a 45% reduction. The Al2O3 nanoparticles effectively mitigated alloy wear through crack passivation and matrix strengthening; however, excessive addition reversed this effect due to the agglomeration-induced brittleness and thermal mismatch. The quantitative relationship between hardness (HV) and wear rate (W) was determined as W = 2348 e(−0.006HV). Such carefully bounded empirical relationships, as demonstrated in studies of cold-formed materials and dental enamel, remain valuable tools in applied research when accompanied by explicit scope limitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Theory and Simulation of Nanostructures)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2821 KiB  
Article
Gated Nanosensor for Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria Detection
by Alba López-Palacios, Ángela Morellá-Aucejo, Yolanda Moreno, Román Ponz-Carcelén, María Pedro-Monzonís, M. Dolores Marcos, Andrea Bernardos, Félix Sancenón, Elena Aznar, Ramón Martínez-Máñez and Andy Hernández-Montoto
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100774 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 73
Abstract
Desulfovibrio vulgaris is an anaerobic microorganism belonging to the group of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). SRB form biofilms on metal surfaces in water supply networks, producing a microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). This process produces the deterioration of metal surfaces, leading to high economic costs [...] Read more.
Desulfovibrio vulgaris is an anaerobic microorganism belonging to the group of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). SRB form biofilms on metal surfaces in water supply networks, producing a microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). This process produces the deterioration of metal surfaces, leading to high economic costs and different environmental safety and health problems related to its chemical treatment. For that reason, rapid and accurate detection methods of SRB are needed. In this work, a new detection system for Desulfovibrio has been developed using gated nanoporous materials. The probe is based on hybrid nanoporous alumina films encapsulating a fluorescent molecule (rhodamine B), whose release is controlled by an oligonucleotide gate. Upon exposure to Desulfovibrio’s genomic material, a movement of the oligonucleotide gatekeeper happens, resulting in the selective delivery of the entrapped rhodamine B. The developed material shows high selectivity and sensitivity for detecting Desulfovibrio DNA in aqueous buffer and biological media. The implementation of this technology for the detection of Desulfovibrio as a tool for monitoring water supply networks is innovative and allows real-time in situ monitoring, making it possible to detect the growth of Desulfovibrio inside of pipes at an early stage and perform timely interventions to reverse it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3590 KiB  
Article
Carbon Nanosheets Grown via RF-PECVD on Graphite Films and Thermal Properties of Graphite Film/Aluminum Composites
by Yifu Ma, Jinrui Qian, Ping Zhu, Junyao Ding, Kai Sun, Huasong Gou, Rustam Abirov and Qiang Zhang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100773 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 98
Abstract
In this study, carbon nanosheets were deposited on the surface of graphite films for surface modification using radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) method. The effects of catalyst addition and concentration, growth gas flow rate, and hydrogen plasma pretreatment on the [...] Read more.
In this study, carbon nanosheets were deposited on the surface of graphite films for surface modification using radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) method. The effects of catalyst addition and concentration, growth gas flow rate, and hydrogen plasma pretreatment on the size, morphology, and density of the deposited carbon nanosheets were investigated. These factors influence the deposition results by affecting the nucleation and growth processes of the carbon nanosheets, while the growth process affects their size. The surface morphology and distribution of the carbon nanosheets were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Graphite film/aluminum composites were prepared using graphite films modified under different process conditions as reinforcements. The composite prepared with graphite films modified without catalysts showed significant improvement in thermal conductivity, achieving an xy-direction thermal conductivity of 705 W/(m·K) and a z-direction thermal conductivity of 14.8 W/(m·K), both of which are higher than those of unmodified graphite film/aluminum composites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to identify the phase composition of the resulting composites and confirm the structural integrity of the reinforcement after processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nano-Engineered Composite Materials for Thermal Management)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 1455 KiB  
Article
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanocomposites Combining Tungsten Trioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanosheet Arrays for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dye
by Chien-Yie Tsay, Tao-Ying Hsu, Gang-Juan Lee, Chin-Yi Chen, Yu-Cheng Chang, Jing-Heng Chen and Jerry J. Wu
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100772 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 57
Abstract
Both tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanosheet arrays and tungsten trioxide/zinc oxide (WO3/ZnO) nanocomposites were grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass slides using a hydrothermal method to develop a visible-light-driven photocatalyst with easy reusability. Field emission scanning electron microscopy [...] Read more.
Both tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanosheet arrays and tungsten trioxide/zinc oxide (WO3/ZnO) nanocomposites were grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass slides using a hydrothermal method to develop a visible-light-driven photocatalyst with easy reusability. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) observations confirmed the formation of irregular oxide nanosheet arrays on the FTO surfaces. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of hexagonal WO3 and wurtzite ZnO crystal phases. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that integrating ZnO nanostructures with WO3 nanosheets resulted in a blue shift of the absorption edge and a reduced absorption capacity in the visible-light region. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated that the WO 0.5/ZnO 2.0 sample exhibited the lowest electron-hole recombination rate among the WO3/ZnO nanocomposite sample. Photocatalytic degradation tests demonstrated that all WO3/ZnO nanocomposite samples had higher photodegradation rates for a 10 ppm methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation compared to pristine WO3 nanosheet arrays. Among them, the WO 0.5/ZnO 2.0 sample showed the highest photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent recyclability and high photodegradation stability over three cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 697 KiB  
Article
Convex Regular Polychora Nanocrystals with Dipole–Dipole Interactions
by Orion Ciftja, Josep Batle and Mohamed Ahmed Hafez
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 771; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100771 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 64
Abstract
Structures composed of classical dipoles in higher-dimensional space present a unique opportunity to venture beyond the conventional paradigm of few-body or cluster physics. In this work, we consider the six convex regular polychora that exist in an Euclidean four-dimensional space as a theoretical [...] Read more.
Structures composed of classical dipoles in higher-dimensional space present a unique opportunity to venture beyond the conventional paradigm of few-body or cluster physics. In this work, we consider the six convex regular polychora that exist in an Euclidean four-dimensional space as a theoretical benchmark for hte investigation of dipolar systems in higher dimensions. The structures under consideration represent the four-dimensional counterparts of the well-known Platonic solids in three-dimensions. A dipole is placed in each vertex of the structure and is allowed to interact with the rest of the system via the usual dipole–dipole interaction generalized to the higher dimension. We use numerical tools to minimize the total interaction energy of the systems and observe that all six structures represent dipole clusters with a zero net dipole moment. The minimum energy is achieved for dipoles arranging themselves with orientations whose angles are commensurate or irrational fractions of the number π. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theoretical and Computational Studies of Nanocrystals)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

3 pages, 150 KiB  
Editorial
Carbon Nanomaterials for a Sustainable Future: Advances in Energy Storage and Catalysis
by Yu Ma, Jinchen Fan and Yang Zhao
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100770 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 66
Abstract
The increasing global demand for sustainable energy and the imperative to address environmental challenges have spurred a renaissance in advanced nanomaterials research [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Green Energy Storage and Catalysis Applications)
19 pages, 2112 KiB  
Article
Accurate Deep Potential Model of Temperature-Dependent Elastic Constants for Phosphorus-Doped Silicon
by Miao Gao, Xiaorui Bie, Yi Wang, Yuhang Li, Zhaoyang Zhai, Haoqi Lyu and Xudong Zou
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 769; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100769 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 133
Abstract
Accurate predictions of elastic properties under varying doping concentrations and temperatures are critical for designing reliable silicon-based micro-/nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). Empirical potentials typically lack accuracy for elastic predictions, whereas density functional theory (DFT) calculations are precise but computationally expensive. In this study, we [...] Read more.
Accurate predictions of elastic properties under varying doping concentrations and temperatures are critical for designing reliable silicon-based micro-/nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). Empirical potentials typically lack accuracy for elastic predictions, whereas density functional theory (DFT) calculations are precise but computationally expensive. In this study, we developed a highly accurate and efficient machine learning-based Deep Potential (DP) model to predict the elastic constants of phosphorus-doped silicon (Si64−xPx, x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) within a temperature range of 0–500 K. The DP model was rigorously validated against benchmark DFT results. At 0 K, the elastic constants predicted by our DP model exhibited excellent agreement with experimental data, achieving a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of only 2.88%. We investigated the effects of doping on elastic constants in single-crystal silicon and determined their second-order temperature coefficients. The calculations demonstrated distinct doping-induced variations, showing pronounced decreases in C11 and C44 and a moderate increase in C12. Finite-element analyses using the fitted temperature coefficients indicated improved thermal stability of silicon resonators through phosphorus doping. Our study explores the integration of machine learning-based atomic-scale simulations with MEMS/NEMS design, providing practical guidance for optimal dopant selection to enhance silicon resonator thermal stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Theory and Simulation of Nanostructures)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 1670 KiB  
Article
Non-Bosonic Damping of Spin Waves in van der Waals Ferromagnetic Monolayers
by Michael G. Cottam and Bushra Hussain
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100768 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 110
Abstract
The spin wave renormalization processes in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnetic monolayers are investigated using an established non-bosonic diagram technique based on the drone-fermion perturbation method. The aim is to evaluate the damping of the long-wavelength spin wave modes at temperatures below the [...] Read more.
The spin wave renormalization processes in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnetic monolayers are investigated using an established non-bosonic diagram technique based on the drone-fermion perturbation method. The aim is to evaluate the damping of the long-wavelength spin wave modes at temperatures below the Curie temperature. In addition to the multi-magnon scattering processes, which typically dominate at low temperatures, an additional mechanism is found here that becomes important at elevated temperatures. This spin disorder damping mechanism, which was mainly studied previously in bulk magnetic materials and thicker films, features a spin wave or magnon being scattered by the magnetic disorder that is present when a longitudinal spin component undergoes large thermal fluctuations. The magnetic ordering in the monolayers is stabilized by an out-of-plane single-ion or Ising-type anisotropy, which influences the damping properties. Numerical results are derived for monolayer films of the van der Waals ferromagnet Cr2Ge2Te6. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Theory and Simulation of Nanostructures)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 2712 KiB  
Article
S-Doped FeOOH Layers as Efficient Hole Transport Channels for the Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance of Fe2O3
by Yanhong Zhou, Yiran Zhang, Boyang Jing, Xiaoyuan Liu and Debao Wang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 767; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100767 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 111
Abstract
Hematite (Fe2O3) has been accepted as a promising and potential photo(electro)catalyst. However, its poor carrier separation and transfer efficiency has limited its application for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water oxidation. Herein, a S-doped FeOOH (S:FeOOH) layer was rationally designed and grown [...] Read more.
Hematite (Fe2O3) has been accepted as a promising and potential photo(electro)catalyst. However, its poor carrier separation and transfer efficiency has limited its application for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water oxidation. Herein, a S-doped FeOOH (S:FeOOH) layer was rationally designed and grown on Fe2O3 to construct a S:FeOOH/Fe2O3 composite photoanode. The obtained S:FeOOH/Fe2O3 photoanodes were fully characterized. The surface injection efficiency for Fe2O3 was then significantly increased with a high ηsurface value of 92.8%, which increases to 2.98 times for Fe2O3 and 2.16 times for FeOOH/Fe2O3, respectively. With 2.43 mA cm‒2 at 1.23 V, the optimized S:FeOOH/Fe2O3 photoanode was entrusted with a higher photocurrent density. The onset potential for S:FeOOH/Fe2O3 cathodically shifts 70 mV over Fe2O3. The improved PEC performance suggests that the S:FeOOH layer acts as ultrafast transport channels for holes at the photoanode/electrolyte interface, suppressing surface charge recombination. A Z-scheme band alignment between Fe2O3 and S:FeOOH was deduced from the UV–Vis and UPS spectra to promote charge transfer. This method provides an alternative for the construction of photoanodes with enhanced PEC water splitting performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Nanomaterials and/or Nanocomposites for Photo(Electro-) Catalytic Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

10 pages, 2024 KiB  
Article
Bifunctional 4,5-Diiodoimidazole Interfacial Engineering Enables Simultaneous Defect Passivation and Crystallization Control for High-Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
by Huaxi Gao, Yu Zhang, Ihtesham Ghani, Min Xin, Danish Khan, Junyu Wang, Di Lu, Tao Cao, Wei Chen, Xin Yang and Zeguo Tang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100766 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 194
Abstract
Despite the rapid efficiency advancement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), non-radiative recombination at the buried interface between self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and perovskite remains a critical bottleneck, primarily due to interfacial defects and energy level mismatch. In this study, we demonstrate a bifunctional interlayer [...] Read more.
Despite the rapid efficiency advancement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), non-radiative recombination at the buried interface between self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and perovskite remains a critical bottleneck, primarily due to interfacial defects and energy level mismatch. In this study, we demonstrate a bifunctional interlayer engineering strategy by introducing 4,5-diiodoimidazole (4,5-Di-I) at the Me-4PACz/perovskite interface. This approach uniquely addresses two fundamental limitations of SAM-based interfaces: the insufficient defect passivation capability of conventional Me-4PACz due to steric hindrance effects and the poor perovskite wettability on hydrophobic SAM surfaces that exacerbates interfacial voids. The imidazole derivatives not only form strong Pb–N coordination bonds with undercoordinated Pb2+ but also modulate the surface energy of Me-4PACz, enabling the growth of pinhole-free perovskite films with preferential crystal orientation. The champion device with 4,5-Di-I modification achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.10%, with a VOC enhancement from 1.12 V to 1.14 V, while maintaining 91% of initial PCE after 1300 h in N₂ atmosphere (25 °C), demonstrating superior stability under ISOS-L-2 protocols. This work establishes a universal strategy for interfacial multifunctionality design, proving that simultaneous defect suppression and crystallization control can break the long-standing trade-off between efficiency and stability in solution-processed photovoltaics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanoscale Materials and (Flexible) Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

21 pages, 1496 KiB  
Review
Research Status of Agricultural Nanotechnology and Its Application in Horticultural Crops
by Xiaobin Wen, Zhihao Lin, Bin Sheng, Xueling Ye, Yiming Zhao, Guangyang Liu, Ge Chen, Lin Qin, Xinyan Liu and Donghui Xu
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100765 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 144
Abstract
Global food security is facing numerous severe challenges. Population growth, climate change, and irrational agricultural inputs have led to a reduction in available arable land, a decline in soil fertility, and difficulties in increasing crop yields. As a result, the supply of food [...] Read more.
Global food security is facing numerous severe challenges. Population growth, climate change, and irrational agricultural inputs have led to a reduction in available arable land, a decline in soil fertility, and difficulties in increasing crop yields. As a result, the supply of food and agricultural products is under serious threat. Against this backdrop, the development of new technologies to increase the production of food and agricultural products and ensure their supply is extremely urgent. Agricultural nanotechnology, as an emerging technology, mainly utilizes the characteristics of nanomaterials such as small size, large specific surface area, and surface effects. It plays a role in gene delivery, regulating crop growth, adsorbing environmental pollutants, detecting the quality of agricultural products, and preserving fruits and vegetables, providing important technical support for ensuring the global supply of food and agricultural products. Currently, the research focus of agricultural nanotechnology is concentrated on the design and preparation of nanomaterials, the regulation of their properties, and the optimization of their application effects in the agricultural field. In terms of the research status, certain progress has been made in the research of nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticides, nano-sensors, nano-preservation materials, and nano-gene delivery vectors. However, it also faces problems such as complex processes and incomplete safety evaluations. This review focuses on the horticultural industry, comprehensively expounding the research status and application progress of agricultural nanotechnology in aspects such as the growth regulation of horticultural crops and the quality detection and preservation of horticultural products. It also deeply analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by the application of nanomaterials in the horticultural field. The aim is to provide a reference for the further development of agricultural nanotechnology in the horticultural industry, promote its broader and more efficient application, contribute to solving the global food security problem, and achieve sustainable agricultural development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 8112 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Properties of High-Toughness AlMgB14 Material
by Tianxing Sun, Zhaohua Luo, Yusen Duan and Jingxian Zhang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100764 - 19 May 2025
Viewed by 226
Abstract
This study employed a composite method using TiB2-HfC dual-component additive to prepare AlMgB14 ceramic composite material. The morphology and phase composition of the AlMgB14 ceramic powder were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The [...] Read more.
This study employed a composite method using TiB2-HfC dual-component additive to prepare AlMgB14 ceramic composite material. The morphology and phase composition of the AlMgB14 ceramic powder were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The phase evolution, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the sintered composite were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the AlMgB14-based composite sintered at 1450 °C exhibited excellent comprehensive properties, with a Vickers hardness of 25.3 GPa, a fracture toughness of 6.9 MPa·m1/2, a bending strength of 615 MPa, and a density of 3.22 g/cm3. Additionally, a solid solution second phase was observed in the AlMgB14 material. Through a dual-component synergistic composite strategy, this study enhanced the toughness of AlMgB14 material without significantly compromising other properties, providing a new design approach for the development of low-cost, high-performance AlMgB14-based composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanocomposite Materials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3931 KiB  
Article
Highly Wear-Resistant Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Fluorocarbon-Graphene Hybrids
by Ke Zhang, Liang Zhang, Jinlong Ren, Yubin Li, Zaibang Wu, Kaihan Shan, Lin Zhang, Lingyu Wan and Tao Lin
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100763 - 19 May 2025
Viewed by 256
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are pivotal for powering small electronic devices by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. However, the wear resistance of TENG friction layers remains a critical barrier to their long-term performance. This study introduces a hybrid material combining fluorinated ethylene vinyl [...] Read more.
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are pivotal for powering small electronic devices by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. However, the wear resistance of TENG friction layers remains a critical barrier to their long-term performance. This study introduces a hybrid material combining fluorinated ethylene vinyl ether (FEVE) and three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene (3D HPG) to address these challenges. FEVE was selected for its low friction coefficient and excellent wear resistance, while 3D HPG enhances charge generation and transfer efficiency. The incorporation of 3D HPG into FEVE significantly improves both triboelectric output and durability, achieving a charge density of 140 μC/m2, surpassing conventional copper-based TENGs (50–120 μC/m2). The hybrid material demonstrates minimal performance degradation over 105 sliding cycles, highlighting its potential for durable, low-cost, and high-efficiency TENGs in wearable and portable electronics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 4092 KiB  
Article
Observation of Thickness-Modulated Out-of-Plane Spin–Orbit Torque in Polycrystalline Few-Layer Td-WTe2 Film
by Mingkun Zheng, Wancheng Zhang, You Lv, Yong Liu, Rui Xiong, Zhenhua Zhang and Zhihong Lu
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100762 - 19 May 2025
Viewed by 195
Abstract
The low-symmetry Weyl semimetallic Td-phase WTe2 exhibits both a distinct out-of-plane damping torque (τDL) and exceptional charge–spin interconversion efficiency enabled by strong spin-orbit coupling, positioning it as a prime candidate for spin–orbit torque (SOT) applications in two-dimensional transition metal [...] Read more.
The low-symmetry Weyl semimetallic Td-phase WTe2 exhibits both a distinct out-of-plane damping torque (τDL) and exceptional charge–spin interconversion efficiency enabled by strong spin-orbit coupling, positioning it as a prime candidate for spin–orbit torque (SOT) applications in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Herein, we report on thickness-dependent unconventional out-of-plane τDL in chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) polycrystalline Td-WTe2 (t)/Ni80Fe20/MgO/Ti (Td-WTN-t) heterostructures. Angle-resolved spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements on the Td-WTN-12 structure showed significant spin Hall conductivities of σSH,y = 4.93 × 103 (ℏ/2e) Ω−1m−1 and σSH,z = 0.81 × 103 (ℏ/2e) Ω−1m−1, highlighting its potential for wafer-scale spin–orbit torque device applications. Additionally, a detailed examination of magnetotransport properties in polycrystalline few-layer Td-WTe2 films as a function of thickness revealed a marked amplification of the out-of-plane magnetoresistance, which can be ascribed to the anisotropic nature of charge carrier scattering mechanisms within the material. Spin pumping measurements in Td-WTN-t heterostructures further revealed thickness-dependent spin transport properties of Td-WTe2, with damping analysis yielding an out-of-plane spin diffusion length of λSD ≈ 14 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Two-Dimensional Materials and Applications for Electronic Devices)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 4346 KiB  
Article
First-Principles Calculations of Plasmon-Induced Hot Carrier Properties of μ-Ag3Al
by Zihan Zhao, Hai Ren, Yucheng Wang, Xiangchao Ma, Jiali Jiang, Linfang Wei and Delian Liu
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100761 - 19 May 2025
Viewed by 195
Abstract
Non-radiative decay of surface plasmon (SP) offers a novel paradigm for efficient conversion of photons into carriers. However, the narrow bandwidth of SP has been a significant obstacle to the widespread applications. Previously, research and applications mainly focused on noble metals such as [...] Read more.
Non-radiative decay of surface plasmon (SP) offers a novel paradigm for efficient conversion of photons into carriers. However, the narrow bandwidth of SP has been a significant obstacle to the widespread applications. Previously, research and applications mainly focused on noble metals such as Au, Ag, and Cu. In this article, we report an Ag-Al alloy material, μ-Ag3Al, in which the surface plasmon operating bandwidth is 1.7 times that of Ag and hot carrier transport properties are comparable with those of AuAl. The results show that μ-Ag3Al allows efficient direct interband electronic transitions from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared range. Spherical nanoparticles of μ-Ag3Al exhibit the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect in the ultraviolet region. Its surface plasmon polariton (SPP) shows strong non-radiative decay at 3.36 eV, which is favorable for the generation of high-energy hot carriers. In addition, the penetration depth of SPP in μ-Ag3Al remains high across the UV to the near-infrared range. Moreover, the transport properties of hot carriers in μ-Ag3Al are comparable with those in Al, borophene and Au-Al intermetallic compounds. These properties can provide guidance for the design of plasmon-based photodetectors, solar cells, and photocatalytic reactors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Plasmonics and Nanoscale Optoelectronics: From Theory to Experiments)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3340 KiB  
Article
Stripe-Patterned Al/PDMS Triboelectric Nanogenerator for a High-Sensitive Pressure Sensor and a Novel Two-Digit Switch with Surface-Edge Enhanced Charge Transfer Behavior
by Chung-Yu Yu, Chia-Chun Hsu, Chin-An Ku and Chen-Kuei Chung
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100760 - 19 May 2025
Viewed by 334
Abstract
A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) holds significant potential as a self-powered pressure sensor due to its ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The output voltage of a TENG is directly correlated with the applied pressure, making it highly suitable for pressure sensing [...] Read more.
A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) holds significant potential as a self-powered pressure sensor due to its ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The output voltage of a TENG is directly correlated with the applied pressure, making it highly suitable for pressure sensing applications. Among the key factors influencing TENG performance, the microstructure on the surface plays a crucial role. However, the effect of surface microstructure on charge transfer behavior remains relatively underexplored. Here, a stripe-patterned rough TENG (SR-TENG) fabricated by laser ablation and molding is proposed. The stripe-patterned rough surface exhibits excellent deformation properties, allowing for more effective contact area between the tribolayers. Additionally, the localized surface-edge enhanced electric field at the stripe boundaries improves surface charge transfer, thereby enhancing overall output performance. The SR-TENG achieved an open-circuit voltage of 97 V, a short-circuit current of 59.6 μA, an instantaneous power of 3.55 mW, and a power density of 1.54 W/m2. As an energy harvester, the SR-TENG successfully powered 150 LEDs. A linear relationship between applied pressure and output voltage was established with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.94, demonstrating a high sensitivity of 14.14 V/kPa. For practical application, a novel self-powered two-digit pressure switch was developed based on the SR-TENG. This system enables the control of two different LEDs using a single TENG device, triggered by applying a light or hard press. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research for Food Contact Materials and Sensors Based on Nanomaterials)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 3796 KiB  
Article
Nanoarchitectonics and Theoretical Evaluation on Electronic Transport Mechanism of Spin-Filtering Devices Based on Bridging Molecules
by Haiyan Wang, Shuaiqi Liu, Chao Wu, Fang Xie, Zhiqiang Fan and Xiaobo Li
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100759 - 18 May 2025
Viewed by 262
Abstract
By combining density functional theory with the non-equilibrium Green’s function method, we conducted a first-principles investigation of spin-dependent transport properties in a molecular device featuring a dynamic covalent chemical bridge connected to zigzag graphene nanoribbon electrodes. The effects of spin-filtering and spin-rectifying on [...] Read more.
By combining density functional theory with the non-equilibrium Green’s function method, we conducted a first-principles investigation of spin-dependent transport properties in a molecular device featuring a dynamic covalent chemical bridge connected to zigzag graphene nanoribbon electrodes. The effects of spin-filtering and spin-rectifying on the I–V characteristics are revealed and explained for the proposed molecular device. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that all three devices exhibit significant single-spin-filtering behavior in parallel (P) magnetization and dual-spin-filtering effects in antiparallel (AP) configurations, achieving nearly 100% spin-filtering efficiency. At the same time, from the I–V curves, we find that there is a weak negative differential resistance effect. Moreover, a high rectifying ratio is found for spin-up electron transport in AP magnetization, which is explained by the transmission spectrum and local density of state. The fundamental mechanisms governing these phenomena have been elucidated through a systematic analysis of spin-resolved transmission spectra and spin-polarized electron transport pathways. These results extend the design principles of spin-controlled molecular electronics beyond graphene-based systems, offering a universal strategy for manipulating spin-polarized currents through dynamic covalent interfaces. The nearly ideal spin-filtering efficiency and tunable rectification suggest potential applications in energy-efficient spintronic logic gates and non-volatile memory devices, while the methodology provides a framework for optimizing spin-dependent transport in hybrid organic–inorganic nanoarchitectures. Our findings suggest that such systems are promising candidates for future spintronic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interaction of Electron Phenomena on the Mesoscopic Scale)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 3772 KiB  
Article
Organic Dinitrates: Electrolyte Additives That Increase the Energy Densities of Lithium/Graphite Fluoride Batteries
by Junwei Xiao, Lingchen Kong, Yong Wang, Ziyue Zhao, Yu Li and Wei Feng
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 758; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100758 - 18 May 2025
Viewed by 172
Abstract
Li/graphite fluoride (Li/CFx) batteries display the highest energy densities among those of commercially available primary Li batteries but fail to satisfy the high-performance requirements of advanced applications. To address this drawback, two liquid organic dinitrates, namely, 1,4-butanediol dinitrate (BDE) and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4-butanediol [...] Read more.
Li/graphite fluoride (Li/CFx) batteries display the highest energy densities among those of commercially available primary Li batteries but fail to satisfy the high-performance requirements of advanced applications. To address this drawback, two liquid organic dinitrates, namely, 1,4-butanediol dinitrate (BDE) and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4-butanediol dinitrate (TBD), were employed as high-energy energetic materials, and they were highly compatible with the electrolytes of Li/CFx batteries. The use of Super P electrodes confirmed that the reduction reaction mechanisms of both nitrate ester-based compounds delivered considerable specific capacities, associated with discharge potentials matching that of the Li/CFx battery. When considering the combined mass of the electrolyte and cathode as the active material, the overall energy densities of the Li/CFx batteries increased by 25.3% (TBD) and 20.8% (BDE), reaching 1005.50 and 969.1 Wh/kg, respectively. The superior performance of TBD was due to the synergistic effects of the high electronegativities and levels of steric hindrance of the F atoms. Moreover, the nanocrystal LiF particles generated by TBD induced crack formation within the fluorinated graphite, increasing the lithium-ion accessible surface area and enhancing its utilization efficiency. These combined factors enhanced the reactivity of TBD and facilitated its involvement in electrochemical reactions, thus improving the capacity of the battery. The developed strategy enables the facile, cost-effective enhancement of the capacities of Li/CFx batteries, paving the way for their practical use in energy-demanding devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Energy and Catalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

45 pages, 3763 KiB  
Review
Mathematical and Physical Description of Transport Phenomena in Heat Pipes Based on Nanofluids: A Review
by Marina S. Astanina, Nikita S. Gibanov, Igor V. Miroshnichenko, Egor A. Tarasov and Mikhail A. Sheremet
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100757 - 18 May 2025
Viewed by 163
Abstract
Heat pipes are highly efficient heat transfer devices relying on phase-change mechanisms, with performance heavily influenced by working fluids and operational dynamics. This review article comprehensively examines hydrodynamics and heat transfer in heat pipes, contrasting conventional working fluids with nanofluid-enhanced systems. In the [...] Read more.
Heat pipes are highly efficient heat transfer devices relying on phase-change mechanisms, with performance heavily influenced by working fluids and operational dynamics. This review article comprehensively examines hydrodynamics and heat transfer in heat pipes, contrasting conventional working fluids with nanofluid-enhanced systems. In the present work we discuss mathematical models governing fluid flow and heat transfer, emphasizing continuum and porous media approaches for wick structures. Functional dependencies of thermophysical properties (e.g., viscosity, surface tension, thermal conductivity) are reviewed, highlighting temperature-driven correlations and nanofluid modifications. Transport mechanisms within wicks are analyzed, addressing capillary-driven flow, permeability, and challenges posed by nanoparticle integration. Fourth, interfacial phase-change conditions—evaporation and condensation—are modeled, focusing on kinetic theory and empirical correlations. Also, numerical and experimental results are synthesized to quantify performance enhancements from nanofluids, including thermal resistance reduction and capillary limit extension, while addressing inconsistencies in stability and pressure drop trade-offs. Finally, applications spanning electronics cooling, aero-space, and renewable energy systems are evaluated, underscoring nanofluids’ potential to expand heat pipe usability in extreme environments. The review identifies critical gaps, such as long-term nanoparticle stability and scalability of lab-scale models, while advocating for unified frameworks to optimize nanofluid selection and wick design. This work serves as a foundational reference for researchers and engineers aiming to advance heat pipe technology through nanofluid integration, balancing theoretical rigor with practical feasibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Theory and Simulation of Nanostructures)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 4618 KiB  
Article
Microstructural and Elemental Characterization of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers
by Mateusz Radwanski, Ireneusz Piwonski, Tomasz Szmechtyk, Salvatore Sauro and Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 756; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100756 - 18 May 2025
Viewed by 493
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBS) vary in chemical composition, which can influence treatment outcomes. Therefore, the study aimed at comparing several commercially available CSBS regarding microstructure and elemental characterization. Four CSBS (AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer, BioRoot RCS, BioRoot Flow, TotalFill BC Sealer) and a [...] Read more.
Calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBS) vary in chemical composition, which can influence treatment outcomes. Therefore, the study aimed at comparing several commercially available CSBS regarding microstructure and elemental characterization. Four CSBS (AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer, BioRoot RCS, BioRoot Flow, TotalFill BC Sealer) and a control resin-based sealer (AH Plus) were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD). The specimens were analyzed after setting (SEM, EDX, XRD), as well as after 7 (SEM) and 28 days (SEM, EDX) of incubation in Hank’s balanced salt solution. AH Plus exhibited a uniform matrix and small amounts of calcium (Ca), significantly decreasing after incubation. In contrast, CSBSs exhibited crystalline forms on the surface and increased Ca content, significantly increasing after 28 days of incubation. The main crystalline phase for all tested CSBS was zirconium oxide, while for ERBS it was calcium tungstate. In conclusion, the amount of calcium increased on the surface of CSBSs after incubation, which alkalinized the pH, promoting mineralization, apatite formation, and antibacterial potential. Despite this, the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer was not demonstrated, possibly due to the high dissolution potential of CSBSs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Chemical Engineering (3rd Edition))
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 4255 KiB  
Article
Gold Nanocages with a Long Surface Plasmon Resonance Peak Wavelength as Contrast Agents for Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging at 1060 nm
by Yongping Chen, Jiefeng Xi, Vinh Nguyen Du Le, Jessica Ramella-Roman and Xingde Li
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100755 - 18 May 2025
Viewed by 260
Abstract
There is growing interest in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging at a wavelength of 1060 nm. However, potential contrast agents for OCT imaging at this specific wavelength has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we present the synthesis and optical characterization of [...] Read more.
There is growing interest in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging at a wavelength of 1060 nm. However, potential contrast agents for OCT imaging at this specific wavelength has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we present the synthesis and optical characterization of gold nanocages with a small edge length (~65 nm) and a surface plasmon resonance peak around 1060 nm. These nanocages represent a class of potential contrast agents for OCT at 1060 nm. OCT imaging experiments were conducted on phantoms and in vivo mouse tissues using a 1060 nm swept-source OCT system, demonstrating significant enhancement in imaging contrast due to the presence of the gold nanocages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biology and Medicines)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

47 pages, 4051 KiB  
Review
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Modern Science and Technology: Multifunctional Roles in Healthcare, Environmental Remediation, and Industry
by Veeranjaneya Reddy Lebaka, Perugu Ravi, Madhava C. Reddy, Chandrasekhar Thummala and Tapas Kumar Mandal
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100754 - 17 May 2025
Viewed by 310
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have garnered significant attention across various scientific and technological domains due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high surface area, photostability, biocompatibility, and potent antimicrobial activity. These attributes make ZnO NPs highly versatile, enabling their application in biomedicine, [...] Read more.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have garnered significant attention across various scientific and technological domains due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high surface area, photostability, biocompatibility, and potent antimicrobial activity. These attributes make ZnO NPs highly versatile, enabling their application in biomedicine, environmental science, industry, and agriculture. They serve as effective antimicrobial agents in medical treatments and as catalysts in environmental purification processes, owing to their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibit photocatalytic activity under UV light. Moreover, ZnO NPs are being increasingly employed in advanced drug delivery systems and cancer therapies, highlighting their potential in modern medicine. Their growing popularity is further supported by their ease of synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and capacity for diverse functionalization, which expand their utility across multiple sectors. This review focuses on research from the past five years (2020–2025) on the practical uses of ZnO nanoparticles in the biomedical, environmental, industrial, and agricultural fields. It also highlights current trends, existing challenges, and future perspectives. By examining these aspects, the article provides a comprehensive understanding of the versatile roles of ZnO NPs and their emerging significance in science and technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 2839 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Nitrate Reduction Performance of Cu-Doped Nanoporous Co2P Electrocatalyst
by Yunduo Huang, Xiechen Zhang, Yanqin Liang, Hui Jiang, Shuilin Wu, Zhaoyang Li, Zhenduo Cui, Shengli Zhu, Zhonghui Gao and Wence Xu
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100753 - 17 May 2025
Viewed by 280
Abstract
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NO3RR) is a promising approach to recycle nitrogen from nitrate pollutants, yet it remains challenged by low Faradaic efficiency and insufficient NH3 production. Herein, Cu-doped nanoporous Co2P (np-Co2−xCuxP) is [...] Read more.
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NO3RR) is a promising approach to recycle nitrogen from nitrate pollutants, yet it remains challenged by low Faradaic efficiency and insufficient NH3 production. Herein, Cu-doped nanoporous Co2P (np-Co2−xCuxP) is reported as electrocatalyst for NO3RR, achieving an ammonia yield rate of 30.6 mg h−1 cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency of 93.4% at −0.3 V vs. RHE. In-situ spectroscopic analyses indicate that Cu incorporation modifies the surface electronic structure, resulting in the promotion of *H adsorption and *NO2− hydrogenation, thereby facilitating efficient ammonia generation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Energy and Catalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

13 pages, 6299 KiB  
Article
Preparation of g-C3N4/Co3O4/NS-CQDs Composite Materials and Their Application in the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose
by Chang Feng, Yufeng Chen, Weie Wang, Yanan Niu, Xi Cao and Yuguang Lv
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 752; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100752 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 129
Abstract
g-C3N4, a biocompatible material, has prominent applications in biology and is ideal for nano-enzyme studies. Though reported as a peroxidase mimic, its activity remains low. This group combined N,S-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs) with g-C3N4 (7NSC-g), [...] Read more.
g-C3N4, a biocompatible material, has prominent applications in biology and is ideal for nano-enzyme studies. Though reported as a peroxidase mimic, its activity remains low. This group combined N,S-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs) with g-C3N4 (7NSC-g), verifying its peroxidase-like activity. Based on this, a ternary composite of Co3O4 in different forms and 7NSC-g was developed to enhance peroxidase activity, to design a g-C3N4-based composite enzyme. Characterizations determined the composition and morphology. Colorimetry evaluated peroxidase activity, where the simulated enzyme catalyzes blue product formation from the TMB substrate in the presence of H2O2. UV-Vis spectrophotometry measured absorbance changes to determine target concentrations. The results show Co3O4 doping improves catalytic activity, with larger specific surface area providing more activation sites. The highest activity of g-C3N4/NS-CQDs/Co3O4 was at 5% floral Co3O4, being efficient due to Co3O4’s electron-transfer acceleration and hydroxyl-radical mechanism. Under optimal conditions, the composite detected H2O2 (10.0–230.0 μM, detection limit of 0.031 μM) and glucose (10.0–650.0 μM, detection limit of 1.024 μM). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanocomposite Materials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1808 KiB  
Article
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose Biomass to Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Modified HZSM-5 Zeolite
by Jian Li, Laizhi Sun, Derun Hua, Xinning Lu, Dandan Yang and Zhiying Wu
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 751; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100751 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 102
Abstract
Gallium-modified Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) zeolites were synthesized using wetness impregnation and hydrothermal synthesis methods. The structural and acidic properties of the zeolites were characterized through an analytical instrument, which demonstrated that Gallium-modified HZSM-5 zeolites retain the Mobil five instructure (MFI) framework structure, [...] Read more.
Gallium-modified Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) zeolites were synthesized using wetness impregnation and hydrothermal synthesis methods. The structural and acidic properties of the zeolites were characterized through an analytical instrument, which demonstrated that Gallium-modified HZSM-5 zeolites retain the Mobil five instructure (MFI) framework structure, but exhibit a reduction in Brønsted acid sites and a decrease in micropore size. The catalytic performance of these zeolites in the pyrolysis of cellulose biomass and polyethylene was tested. Compared with HZSM-5, Ga-modified HZSM-5 zeolites considerably increased monoaromatic yields while reducing alkanes production. In particular, gallium-impregnated HZSM-5 increased the monoaromatic yield from 37.6% for ZSM-5 to 43.2%, while hydrothermal synthesized Ga-HMFI reduced polyaromatic and alkane yields from 6.6% and 24.6% for HZSM-5 to 2.9% and 11.4%, respectively. These results indicated that Ga-modified HZSM-5 zeolites can improve the synergy between cellulose-derived oxygenates and polyethylene-derived olefins, enhancing the yield of petrochemical hydrocarbons compared to that predicted by theoretical calculations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospects of Nanocomposites in CO₂ Emission Reduction and Conversion)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 4494 KiB  
Article
Spacer Loss upon 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Halide Perovskite Annealing Raises Film Properties and Solar Cell Performances
by Tao Zhu, Min Liu, Marie Cresp, Daming Zheng, Karol Vegso, Peter Siffalovic and Thierry Pauporté
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100750 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 125
Abstract
Using reduced-dimensional halide perovskites is emerging as a promising strategy for enhancing the stability of optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, even if their performances remain a step below those of the 3D halide perovskites. Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (2D-RP) structures are characterized by the [...] Read more.
Using reduced-dimensional halide perovskites is emerging as a promising strategy for enhancing the stability of optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, even if their performances remain a step below those of the 3D halide perovskites. Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (2D-RP) structures are characterized by the n parameter that represents the number of PbI6 layers in the spacer-separated perovskite slabs. The present study focuses on formamidinium (FA)-based 2D-RP type perovskites denoted as PMA2FAn−1PbnI3n+1 (PMA = Phenylmethylammonium or benzylammonium). We investigate the effect of n on the one step growth mechanism and the film morphology, microstructure, phase purity, and optoelectronic properties. Our findings demonstrate that the average n is not only determined by the initial spacer content in the precursor solution but also by the thermal annealing process that leads to a partial spacer loss. Depending on n, perovskite solar cells achieving a power conversion efficiency up to 21%, coupled with enhanced film stability compared to 3D perovskites have been prepared. By using MACl additive and an excess of PbI2 in the perovskite precursor solution, we have been able to achieve high efficiency and to stabilize the n = 5 perovskite solar cells. This research represents a significant stride in comprehending the formation of FA-based layered perovskites through one-step sequential deposition, enabling control over their phase distribution, composition, and orientation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nanomaterials for Optoelectronics: Second Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

22 pages, 2259 KiB  
Article
Dynamical Characteristics of Isolated Donors, Acceptors, and Complex Defect Centers in Novel ZnO
by Devki N. Talwar and Piotr Becla
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 749; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100749 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 108
Abstract
Novel wide-bandgap ZnO, BeO, and ZnBeO materials have recently gained considerable interest due to their stellar optoelectronic properties. These semiconductors are being used in developing high-resolution, flexible, transparent nanoelectronics/photonics and achieving high-power radio frequency modules for sensors/biosensors, photodetectors/solar cells, and resistive random-access memory [...] Read more.
Novel wide-bandgap ZnO, BeO, and ZnBeO materials have recently gained considerable interest due to their stellar optoelectronic properties. These semiconductors are being used in developing high-resolution, flexible, transparent nanoelectronics/photonics and achieving high-power radio frequency modules for sensors/biosensors, photodetectors/solar cells, and resistive random-access memory applications. Despite earlier evidence of attaining p-type wz ZnO with N doping, the problem persists in achieving reproducible p-type conductivity. This issue is linked to charging compensation by intrinsic donors and/or background impurities. In ZnO: Al (Li), the vibrational features by infrared and Raman spectroscopy have been ascribed to the presence of isolated AlZn(LiZn) defects, nearest-neighbor (NN) [AlZn−NO] pairs, and second NN [AlZn−O−LiZn;VZn−O−LiZn] complexes. However, no firm identification has been established. By integrating accurate perturbation models in a realistic Green’s function method, we have meticulously simulated the impurity vibrational modes of AlZn(LiZn) and their bonding to form complexes with dopants as well as intrinsic defects. We strongly feel that these phonon features in doped ZnO will encourage spectroscopists to perform similar measurements to check our theoretical conjectures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Chemistry at Nanoscale)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 4155 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of CeO2 Through Silver Decoration: A Study on Ag@CeO2 Nanocomposites
by Chen Yang, Jingjing He, Siying Chen, Qiuping Li and Xuexia Lin
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(10), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15100748 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 120
Abstract
In this study, silver-decorated cerium oxide (Ag@CeO2) nanoparticles were synthesized through a simple mixing and pyrolysis process to enhance their antioxidant and antitumor properties. The synthesis methods for Ag@CeO2 were optimized, resulting in nanoparticles with varying antioxidant activities. Notably, the [...] Read more.
In this study, silver-decorated cerium oxide (Ag@CeO2) nanoparticles were synthesized through a simple mixing and pyrolysis process to enhance their antioxidant and antitumor properties. The synthesis methods for Ag@CeO2 were optimized, resulting in nanoparticles with varying antioxidant activities. Notably, the embedding of Ag nanoparticles within CeO2 during pyrolysis significantly improved the antioxidant activity and stability of the nanoparticles, leading to enhanced antitumor effects. The Ag@CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited strong cytotoxicity against tumor cells (MCF-7) while maintaining low toxicity toward normal cells (HUVECs). These properties, combined with their ability to modulate mitochondrial membrane potential, position Ag@CeO2 as a promising candidate for electrochemical therapy (ECT). This study highlights the antioxidant potential and the potential of Ag@CeO2 nanoparticles in tumor treatment and provides new insights into the application of nanomaterials in ECT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interaction of Electron Phenomena on the Mesoscopic Scale)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-75
Previous Issue
Next Issue
Back to TopTop