Diagnostics, Volume 15, Issue 7

The approach for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) has changed in recent years, mainly for the identification of new entities, such as interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). Cli...

Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is an increasingly recognized clinical entity characterized by myocardial injury in the absence of a significant coronary artery obstruction. MINOCA encompasses a diverse range of p...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the primary causes of morbidity and death worldwide. Premature CAD (pCAD) is the term used to describe the 3–10% of CAD occurrences that occur in people under 45 worldwide. Diagnostic difficulties arise f...

Coagulation testing is commonly used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to monitor and manage the hemostatic balance, assess bleeding risk, and guide anticoagulant therapy. Routine tests used for this purpose include prothrombin time, activated partial...

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) developed for skin cancer recognition has been shown to have comparable or superior performance to dermatologists. However, it is uncertain if current AI models trained predominantly with lighter Fitzpatrick s...

Background and Clinical Significance: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most common cancer that metastasizes to the oral and maxillofacial region following breast and lung cancers. Metastatic involvement in the oral cavity is rare and can prese...

Background/Objectives: Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) is a novel biomarker for liver fibrosis, and its prognostic role has never been explored in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared the M2BPGi level simultaneously wi...

Background: Mobility impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS) significantly affect quality of life. This study evaluated the clinical utility and sensitivity of the Backward Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (B-T25FW) and its associations with key clinical measu...

Upper gastrointestinal concerns including gastroparesis-like symptoms affect a large portion of the population, and determining the culprit condition can be difficult due to largely shared symptoms, clinical course, pathophysiology, and treatment pat...

Background/Objectives: To compare and analyze the application of a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, Hp) serum antibody typing test (Hp-sATT) and the ¹³C-urea breath test (¹³C-UBT) in the diagnosis of Hp infection against an empirical therapy backgroun...

Background: Interventional physiatry is a branch of medicine that uses minimally invasive ultrasound-guided techniques for diagnosis and treatment in the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate the sterilisation techn...

Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) has emerged as a transformative technique for managing gastrointestinal (GI) lesions, previously deemed unsuitable for endoscopic removal. Unlike conventional endoscopic resection methods, such as endoscopic...

Background: Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by notably short telomere length, which is associated with treatment responses. In this study, we measured telomere lengths in Korean pediatric AA patients using fl...

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to create a pipeline for standardized data extraction from lumbar-spine MRI radiology reports using a large language model (LLM) and assess the agreement of the extracted data with research-grade semi-quantitat...

Background/Objectives: Although transformer-based deep learning architectures are preferred in many hybrid architectures due to their flexibility, they generally perform poorly on image classification tasks with small datasets. An important improveme...

Background/Objectives: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with many systemic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim was to evaluate the usefulness of the CDC/AAP and the EFP/AAP criteria to detect subclinical...

Background/Objectives: Cancer classification using microarray datasets presents a significant challenge due to their extremely high dimensionality. This complexity necessitates advanced optimization methods for effective gene selection. Methods: This...

Background/Objectives: This study aims to determine the validity of a recently developed and published index (the modified Composite Radiographic Index—CRIm) as an indicator of disease gravity and progression in the CBCT scans of patients with...

Background: The temporal bone’s styloid process (SP) is an important structure that extends from the skull base to the parapharyngeal space. The stylohyoid ligament (SHL) attaches it to the hyoid bone. The SP and SHL are considered the stylohyo...

Background and Clinical Significance: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract but are exceedingly rare in the appendix, with only 20 cases reported in the literature. Due to their r...

Background/Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men, with early detection playing a crucial role in improving outcomes. MyProstateScore 2.0 (MPS2), a novel urinary biomarker test, predicts clinically sig...

Objective: Patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRDs) have a higher incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) due to accelerated atherogenesis. This study aimed to assess the extent and location of CAD lesions in CIRD patients com...

Background: The lower third of the face plays a crucial role in overall facial harmony, and age-related volume loss in areas such as the pre-jowl region, labiomental folds, and lips can significantly impact esthetic appearance. High-resolution ultras...

Background/Objectives: Accurate skeletal classification is essential for orthodontic diagnosis. This study evaluates the effectiveness of federated convolutional neural network (CNN) models for skeletal classification using cephalometric images from...

Objective: To provide an overview of the technique and normal values of ultrasound studies of the bile system based on the published literature. Methods: A literature search for ultrasound studies with measurements of the bile ducts in healthy subjec...

Background: Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1A (VDDR1A) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CYP27B1 gene, leading to a deficiency in active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D). This study examines the genotypic and phen...

Background: Primary malignant bone tumors are exceedingly rare, with an incidence of 0.5 to 1 per million, and sacral localization is even more uncommon, representing only 1–3.5% of these tumors. These malignancies are often diagnosed late due...

Background: Ocular diseases have been a severe problem worldwide, specifically in underdeveloped countries that do not have enough technology or economy to treat them. It would be beneficial to have software with low installation complexity and ease...

Background/Objectives: Frailty screening is essential in primary care for the early identification of vulnerable older adults. PRISMA-7 is a widely used screening tool, but Item 2 (“Are you male?”) introduces potential sex bias and overes...

Background: The concept of mesopancreas is frequently discussed in the surgical literature as the neural pathway for metastatic spread in pancreatic head cancer. It generally refers to a retro-pancreatic plane that should be resected to reduce the in...

Background/Objectives: Predictive tools are needed to assess the response to treatment and guide treatment decisions for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study explores the value of combining the immunoscore (IS) and magnetic resonance ima...

Purpose: To assess the effect of subthreshold diode micropulse laser (SDM) on visual fields (VF) by standardized automated perimetry (SAP) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and other non-glaucomatous optic atrophies (OA). Methods: The electronic medical r...

Background/Objectives: Rectangular collimation (RC) reduces patient radiation exposure but is uncommonly used due to cone-cut concerns. An audit at a dental practice was conducted to analyze impact of RC on the quality of intraoral radiographs. Metho...

Background: Acute lower respiratory tract conditions are highly prevalent in paediatrics. Many of these conditions present as consolidations on imaging studies. One of the most common causes is bacterial pneumonia (BP), which requires an accurate dia...

Background/Objectives: Due to poor perfusion, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) create hypoxic environments, and their chronicity represents a negative factor in wound healing. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO₂) is a non-invasive method that provides i...

Lung cancer is a prevalent malignant disease with the highest mortality rate among oncological conditions. The assessment of its clinical TNM staging primarily relies on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the thorax and proximal abdomen, s...

Background: Crystal arthritides represent the most common inflammatory rheumatologic condition. While the prevalence of gouty arthritis by monosodium urate (MSU) is well established, the prevalences of calciumpyrophosphat (CPP) and basic calcium pyro...

Objectives: To describe the US, CEUS, CT, and MRI features of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) and to underline the imaging characteristics that are helpful in the differential diagnosis. Methods: Patients with histologically proven papillary re...

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with still-elusive etiopathogeneses and an increasing prevalen...

Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may be released from neoplastic cells into biological fluids through apoptosis, necrosis, or active release. In patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ctDNA analysis is being introduced in clinical...

Background/Objectives: Electrocardiogram data are widely used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases, a leading cause of death globally. Traditional interpretation methods are manual, time-consuming, and prone to error. Machine learning offers a promisi...

Objective: Reliable reading and annotation of chest X-ray (CXR) images are essential for both clinical decision-making and AI model development. While most of the literature emphasizes pulmonary findings, this study evaluates the consistency and reli...

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) integration in colon polyp detection often exhibits high sensitivity but notably low specificity in real-world settings, primarily due to reliance on publicly available datasets alone. To address th...

Background and Objectives: The study aimed at identification and analysis of adverse COVID-19 outcomes (admission to intensive care units due to COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, and death) among hospitalized preg...

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the advantages of integrating intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) into laparoscopic adrenal surgery by assessing its impact on perioperative outcomes and identifying potential complications. Methods: This retrosp...

Background/Objectives: Dental caries is a widespread chronic infection, affecting a large segment of the population. Proximal caries, in particular, present a distinct obstacle for early identification owing to their position, which hinders clinical...

Dermatology is a continuously evolving specialty and touches on every part of the field of medicine [...]

Background: Dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI (DSC-MRI) is a promising non-invasive examination to predict histological and molecular characteristics of brain gliomas. However, the diagnostic accuracy of relative cerebral blood volume (rC...

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders, such as gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia (FD), contribute significantly to morbidity, especially in populations at risk for type 2 diabetes. However, the prevalence and clinical manife...

Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors were introduced in 2004, various driver gene mutations have been identified in non-small cell lung cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma, where mutations are typically mutually ex...