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Diagnostics
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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with...
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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatic Conditions

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 966

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Patrick H. M. C. Dessein

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
2. Rheumatology Unit, Free University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Free University, Brussels, Belgium
Interests: rheumatoid arthritis; autoimmune disease; clinical rheumatology; autoantibodies; rheumatology; arthritis; cardiovascular risk
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla de Santander, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
2. Department of Medicine, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
Interests: rheumatic diseases; musculoskeletal disorders; rheumatoid arthritis inflammation; autoimmune disease; autoimmunity; psoriasis; cardiovascular; genetics; T lymphocytes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Iván Ferraz-Amaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
Interests: rheumatoid arthritis; rheumatology; arthritis; systemic inflammatory diseases with liver involvement; musculoskeletal disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the past two to three decades, comorbid cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis has been extensively reported. Rheumatoid arthritis increases the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction and venous thrombotic disease. Cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis is mediated by not only traditional cardiovascular risk factors but also disease-specific manifestations including particularly different inflammatory pathways. In addition, genetic factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Atherogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis is further influenced by socioeconomic status and population origin. These reported issues complicate the diagnosis, prognosis and management of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Accordingly, current recommendations on the management of comorbid cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis are still often based on expert opinion due to a lack of sufficiently reported evidence. Additionally, recently reported evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease risk is increased in many inflammatory diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis as well as previously considered non-inflammatory rheumatic conditions such as osteoarthritis. We hope that this Special Issue will make a valuable contribution to cardiovascular disease outcomes in patients with rheumatic conditions. We welcome any type of manuscripts including original research studies, narrative and systematic reviews and protocols.

Prof. Dr. Patrick H. M. C. Dessein
Prof. Dr. Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay
Dr. Iván Ferraz-Amaro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • rheumatic conditions
  • cardiovascular risk factors
  • atherosclerosis
  • left ventricular structure and function
  • arterial function
  • cardiovascular events
  • ischemic heart disease
  • ischemic stroke
  • heart failure
  • peripheral vascular disease
  • venous thrombotic disease
  • cardiovascular drugs
  • antirheumatic agents

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 2818 KiB  
Article
The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), a Predictor of Cardiovascular Events, Relates to Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
by Antonio Aznar-Esquivel, Fuensanta Gómez-Bernal, María García-González, Marta Hernández-Diaz, Elena Heras-Recuero, Antonia de Vera-González, Alejandra González-Delgado, Adrián Quevedo-Rodríguez, Juan C. Quevedo-Abeledo, Santos Castañeda, Miguel Á. González-Gay and Iván Ferraz-Amaro
Diagnostics 2025, 15(7), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15070861 - 28 Mar 2025
Viewed by 436
Abstract
Background: The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) is a newly developed index that has been described to predict cardiovascular (CV) events. In this study, we calculated the METS-IR index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition linked to an elevated [...] Read more.
Background: The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) is a newly developed index that has been described to predict cardiovascular (CV) events. In this study, we calculated the METS-IR index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition linked to an elevated CV risk. We then examined its relationship with disease characteristics and CV comorbidities, including disease activity, lipid profile, subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance indices. Methods: A total of 515 RA patients were recruited. Disease-related characteristics and disease activity indices, including the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and the Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were calculated. Additionally, the complete lipid profile, insulin resistance indices, metabolic syndrome criteria, and carotid ultrasound for intima–media thickness and carotid plaque detection were assessed. METS-IR was calculated. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between the disease characteristics and METS-IR. Results: METS-IR was positively correlated with age, body mass index, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance indices. Carotid intima–media thickness—but not the presence of carotid plaque—was associated with significantly higher METS-IR values. Regarding disease-related characteristics, C-reactive protein and disease activity indices demonstrated a significant positive association with METS-IR after multivariable adjustment. Specifically, C-reactive protein was associated with higher METS-IR values (beta coefficient 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.3, p < 0.001). All disease activity indices, except CDAI, showed a significant positive relationship with METS-IR. Conclusions: METS-IR is linked not only to CV risk factors but also, independently, to inflammatory disease activity in patients with RA. Its association with CV events in the general population and disease activity in RA highlights the significant role of inflammation in driving excessive cardiovascular risk in RA. This underscores the intricate relationship between metabolic dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and CV outcomes in RA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatic Conditions)
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13 pages, 586 KiB  
Brief Report
Identification of Coronary Morphological Damage in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases
by Elena Heras-Recuero, Juan Antonio Martínez-López, Macarena Garbayo-Bugeda, Álvaro Castrillo-Capilla, Teresa Blázquez-Sánchez, Arantxa Torres-Roselló, Antia García-Fernández, Javier Llorca, Raquel Largo, Juan Antonio Franco-Peláez, José Tuñón and Miguel Ángel González-Gay
Diagnostics 2025, 15(7), 922; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15070922 - 2 Apr 2025
Viewed by 338
Abstract
Objective: Patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRDs) have a higher incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) due to accelerated atherogenesis. This study aimed to assess the extent and location of CAD lesions in CIRD patients compared to non-CIRD patients. Methods: A retrospective [...] Read more.
Objective: Patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRDs) have a higher incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) due to accelerated atherogenesis. This study aimed to assess the extent and location of CAD lesions in CIRD patients compared to non-CIRD patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on CIRD patients (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis) who underwent coronary angiography at Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Madrid, Spain) between 2018 and 2022. For each CIRD patient, at least two frequency-matched controls were selected based on sex, age (±2 years), diabetic status, and clinical indication for coronary angiography. The indications for coronary angiography in both groups were chronic coronary syndrome and acute coronary syndrome with or without ST elevation. Results: A total of 66 CIRD patients were included, with 42 (63.6%) women, and a median age of 66.6 years (range: 58.3–75.2). Compared to the controls, CIRD patients had a higher number of affected coronary arteries (2.03 vs. 1.56, p = 0.03). The mid-anterior descending artery and the right posterior descending artery were more frequently involved in CIRD patients than in controls (odds ratio [OR] of 2.45 and 3.53, respectively, p ≤ 0.02 for both comparisons). The frequency of coronary calcification was higher in CIRD patients, though the difference did not reach statistical significance (5 of 66 in CIRD patients vs. 3 of 140 in non-CIRD controls, OR of 3.74, p = 0.06). Revascularization was more commonly performed in patients with CIRD (50 of 66 vs. 85 of 140 in those without CIRD (OR: 2.02 [95% CI: 1.01–4.18]; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Patients with CIRD exhibit more extensive CAD, with a higher propensity for involvement inthe mid-anterior descending and right posterior descending arteries compared to patients without CIRD. These findings highlight the need for closer cardiovascular monitoring and early risk stratification in CIRD patients to improve the detection and management of CAD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatic Conditions)
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