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Diagnostics
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Diagnosis and Management of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors
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Diagnosis and Management of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 5164

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Min Wook Joo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
Interests: osteosarcoma; metastasis; clinical oncology; cancer metastasis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shintaro Iwata

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Rehabilitation, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
Interests: sarcoma; rare cancer; genomics; clinical trial
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, it is challenging to properly manage some malignant and other aggressive bone tumors, and effective decision making is required during diagnosis and treatment. To find reliable answers, consensus meetings, clinical trials, and big data studies are currently being conducted, and many of the latest diagnostic and treatment techniques are being applied. Nevertheless, there are still many obstacles to overcome for such rare diseases. This Special Issue aims to present a collection of advanced studies on all clinically significant soft tissue and bone tumors. We welcome your contributions on, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Aneurysmal bone cysts;
  • Giant cell tumor of bone;
  • Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia;
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis;
  • Osteofibrous dysplasia;
  • Adamantinoma;
  • Atypical cartilaginous tumors;
  • Chondromyxofibroma;
  • Osteosarcoma;
  • Chondrosarcoma;
  • Ewing’s sarcoma;
  • Chordoma.

Dr. Min Wook Joo
Dr. Shintaro Iwata
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aneurysmal bone cyst
  • giant cell tumor of bone
  • polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  • osteofibrous dysplasia
  • adamantinoma
  • atypical cartilaginous tumor
  • chondromyxofibroma
  • osteosarcoma
  • chondrosarcoma
  • Ewing’s sarcoma
  • chordoma

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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10 pages, 1230 KiB  
Article
Surgical Management of Sacral Bone Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes, Complications, and Survival
by Chiara Cini, Emanuela Asunis, Cristiana Griffoni, Gisberto Evangelisti, Giuseppe Tedesco, Riccardo Ghermandi, Marco Girolami, Valerio Pipola, Silvia Terzi, Giovanni Barbanti Brodano, Stefano Bandiera, Stefano Boriani and Alessandro Gasbarrini
Diagnostics 2025, 15(7), 917; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15070917 - 2 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background: Primary malignant bone tumors are exceedingly rare, with an incidence of 0.5 to 1 per million, and sacral localization is even more uncommon, representing only 1–3.5% of these tumors. These malignancies are often diagnosed late due to their asymptomatic nature until [...] Read more.
Background: Primary malignant bone tumors are exceedingly rare, with an incidence of 0.5 to 1 per million, and sacral localization is even more uncommon, representing only 1–3.5% of these tumors. These malignancies are often diagnosed late due to their asymptomatic nature until they present as large, advanced intrapelvic tumors. Management is complicated by the need for precise surgical intervention and the consideration of adjuvant therapies based on tumor histology and patient factors. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of patients who underwent complete, partial, or hemisacrectomy for primary malignant bone tumors or recurrent sacral metastases. Excluded were patients with metastatic disease not necessitating sacrectomy. Data collected included demographics, clinical characteristics, tumor types, resection status, adjuvant therapies, recurrence, metastasis, and complications. Surgical approaches were categorized as posterior, anterior, or combined anterior–posterior. The primary outcomes were overall survival and disease-free survival, while the secondary outcomes focused on complication rates and functional outcomes. Results: The study included 19 patients (7 females, 12 males) with a mean age of 48.9 years at the time of surgery. Primary malignancies were present in 90% of patients. Surgical approaches varied: 20% underwent double access and 5% anterior access only, and the remainder had posterior approaches. High partial sacrectomy (above S3) was performed in 20%, while low sacrectomy (at or below S3) was performed in 80%. Complete resection with clean margins (R0) was achieved in 65% of cases, while 35% had R1 resections with microscopic tumor remnants. Root resection was necessary in 25% of patients. Local recurrence occurred in 25% of patients, with two requiring reoperation and neurological sacrifice. Distant metastases were observed in 20% of cases. Postoperative complications affected 60% of patients. The most common issues were surgical wound dehiscence with delayed healing (35%) and visceral changes affecting the bowel and urination (25%). No mechanical complications were reported. Conclusions: Sacrectomy remains a challenging procedure with substantial morbidity and variability in outcomes. The choice of surgical approach—posterior, anterior, or combined—depends on tumor location and extent. While posterior-only approaches are often preferred for lower sacral lesions, combined approaches may be necessary for more extensive tumors. Survival and disease-free survival rates are influenced by resection margins and the biological behavior of the tumor. Wide-margin resections (R0) are associated with lower local recurrence rates but do not eliminate the risk of distant metastases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors)
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14 pages, 1463 KiB  
Article
Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma of Bone: An Italian Mono-Institutional Epidemiological Study
by Cristina Ferrari, Giovanna Magagnoli, Roberta Laranga, Giuseppe Bianchi, Elisa Carretta, Marilena Cesari, Katia Scotlandi, Nicola Baldini, Davide Maria Donati and Marco Gambarotti
Diagnostics 2025, 15(3), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030328 - 30 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Musculoskeletal neoplasms are rare and challenging diseases. Their geographic pattern varies worldwide, and no studies analyze their distribution in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between clinical variables to a period of diagnosis and geographic [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Musculoskeletal neoplasms are rare and challenging diseases. Their geographic pattern varies worldwide, and no studies analyze their distribution in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between clinical variables to a period of diagnosis and geographic origin in Italy. Moreover, we wanted to describe the survival rate of bone osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (EwS) from the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute (IOR) experience. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 3098 diagnoses of high-grade bone OS and EwS made at the IOR in the past 40 years (1982–2021). Incidence, measures of associations, and survival rates have been analyzed. Results: The time of diagnosis and geographic origin were associated either with each other or with age and stage of tumor. Overall, the 10-year survival rate was 54% (95% CI 52–56) and 53% (95% CI 50–56) for bone OS and EwS, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that adverse factors at diagnosis are age, location, stage, and time of diagnosis, in both cohorts. Conclusions: We confirmed known prognostic factors, and owing to the large cohort, we highlight their importance in clinical practice. No differences were observed in patient survival associated with different areas of Italy, although geographic origin was associated with most clinical variables analyzed, suggesting a further factor to investigate. Given the above-mentioned results, a Sarcoma Specialist Network with a recognized expertise is determinably in charge of the management of sarcomas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors)
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10 pages, 2144 KiB  
Article
Developmental Patterns and Risk Factors of Scoliosis After Hemipelvectomy for the Pelvic Bone Tumor
by Ryuto Tsuchiya, Shintaro Iwata, Suguru Fukushima, Shuhei Osaki, Koichi Ogura, Eisuke Kobayashi, Seiji Ohtori and Akira Kawai
Diagnostics 2024, 14(21), 2392; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14212392 - 27 Oct 2024
Viewed by 864
Abstract
Background: Postoperative scoliosis is often seen after hemipelvectomy for malignancies involving the pelvic area, but the details remain unclear. The objectives were to investigate the development patterns and risk factors of scoliosis after hemipelvectomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients who underwent hemipelvectomy [...] Read more.
Background: Postoperative scoliosis is often seen after hemipelvectomy for malignancies involving the pelvic area, but the details remain unclear. The objectives were to investigate the development patterns and risk factors of scoliosis after hemipelvectomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients who underwent hemipelvectomy at our hospital between 1998 and 2020. The risk factors of scoliosis with a Cobb angle of ≥10° were investigated. Results: The postoperative Cobb angle significantly increased in all patients compared with the preoperative one (p < 0.001), and the change ratio of the Cobb angle was significantly higher during the first postoperative year than thereafter. The external hemipelvectomy (EH) group demonstrated a larger Cobb angle and a higher change ratio than the internal hemipelvectomy group. Nine patients developed scoliosis with a final Cobb angle of ≥10°, and the risk factors were EH (p = 0.017), P1+2+3+4 resection according to the Enneking classification (p = 0.005), iliac crest resection (p = 0.004), L5/S resection (p = 0.020), and no pelvic ring reconstruction after hemipelvectomy (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Approximately 30% of patients who underwent hemipelvectomy developed scoliosis with a Cobb angle of ≥10°, and this angle increased rapidly during the first postoperative year. Hence, careful follow-up of scoliosis is required after hemipelvectomy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors)
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9 pages, 13179 KiB  
Case Report
Benign Notochordal Cell Tumours: Case Report and Literature Review
by Dagnija Grabovska, Ilze Strumfa, Janis Ositis, Inta Liepniece-Karele and Arturs Balodis
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1330; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131330 - 23 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1675
Abstract
Background: Benign notochordal cell tumours (BNCTs) represent a rare entity within the spectrum of bone neoplasms, which typically arise in the axial skeleton. Although these tumours are often benign, their diagnosis and management pose significant challenges due to their histological similarity to more [...] Read more.
Background: Benign notochordal cell tumours (BNCTs) represent a rare entity within the spectrum of bone neoplasms, which typically arise in the axial skeleton. Although these tumours are often benign, their diagnosis and management pose significant challenges due to their histological similarity to more aggressive lesions, such as chordomas. Understanding of the clinical behaviour, diagnostic nuances, and optimal management strategies for BNCTs continues to evolve. Case Report: Benign notochordal cell tumours of the vertebra are usually asymptomatic and identified on imaging and should be distinguished from chordomas, which has a more aggressive clinical course. This report describes a 15-year-old girl with lumbosacral pain and a diagnosis of a benign notochordal cell tumour, which affects a large part of the S1 vertebra in the lumbar spine, highlighting the diagnostic challenges encountered, the role of radiological and histological investigations, and the ultimate determination of the benign nature of the tumour. Conclusions: This report highlights the approach taken for the diagnosis of a benign notochordal cell tumour of the vertebra and the importance of excluding differential diagnoses. By exploring the intricacies of this case, we contribute to the growing body of literature surrounding BNCTs, with the aim of improving clinical awareness and management strategies for this uncommon bone tumour. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors)
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