Advancing Clinical Diagnosis with Artificial Intelligence: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 1042

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5RW, UK
Interests: computational simulation of the cardiovascular system; AI-assisted diagnosis; medical data analysis; wearable sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, India
Interests: healthcare data; machine learning; deep learning; signal processing; image processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, India
Interests: computational simulation of photodetectors; graphene-based photodetectors; machine learning; antennas; wearable sensors; nanowires; deep learning; signal processing; IoT

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
Interests: machine learning; artificial intelligence; biomedical signal processing; internet of things; nanotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, we have witnessed a rapid growth in generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and their clinical applications. Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in different aspects of modern medical science, including medical education, bibliographic analysis, pharmacological analysis, construction of knowledge maps, and simulated diagnosis. In the meantime, the development of electronic health records (EHRs), radiomics, wearable sensors, wireless communication, cloud computing, and advanced data fusion algorithms are generating more AI models based on multimodal data for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases in the context of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). These advanced AI-enhanced technologies are reshaping the landscape of modern diagnosis, enabling the early screening of accurate diagnosis of acute and chronic diseases. Meanwhile, data protection, privacy, and other ethics issues are emerging in this new era, with efforts in regulatory and technical aspects, including cryptography, biometrics, watermarking, and Blockchain-based security techniques.

The aim of this Special Issue entitled “Advancing Clinical Diagnosis with Artificial Intelligence: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions” is to share information on cutting-edge AI technologies and multimodal medical data analysis. The scope of this Special Issue will include studies on LLMs, AI-enhanced multimodal medical data analysis, IoMT, as well as data security in AI-enhanced diagnostics.

Dr. Haipeng Liu
Dr. Rajesh K. Tripathy
Dr. Shonak Bansal
Dr. Prince Jain
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • deep learning
  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • internet of medical things (IoMT)
  • AI-assisted diagnostics
  • multimodal clinical data
  • data-driven healthcare

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 1193 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Nuclear Reaction Optimization (NRO) Algorithm for Gene Selection in Cancer Classification
by Shahad Alkamli and Hala Alshamlan
Diagnostics 2025, 15(7), 927; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15070927 - 3 Apr 2025
Viewed by 441
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cancer classification using microarray datasets presents a significant challenge due to their extremely high dimensionality. This complexity necessitates advanced optimization methods for effective gene selection. Methods: This study introduces and evaluates the Nuclear Reaction Optimization (NRO)—drawing inspiration from nuclear fission [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Cancer classification using microarray datasets presents a significant challenge due to their extremely high dimensionality. This complexity necessitates advanced optimization methods for effective gene selection. Methods: This study introduces and evaluates the Nuclear Reaction Optimization (NRO)—drawing inspiration from nuclear fission and fusion—for identifying informative gene subsets in six benchmark cancer microarray datasets. Employed as a standalone approach without prior dimensionality reduction, NRO was assessed using both Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN). Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) was used to rigorously evaluate classification accuracy and the relevance of the selected genes. Results: Experimental results show that NRO achieved high classification accuracy, particularly when used with SVM. In select datasets, it outperformed several state-of-the-art optimization algorithms. However, due to the absence of additional dimensionality reduction techniques, the number of selected genes remains relatively high. Comparative analysis with Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Firefly Algorithm (FFA) shows that while NRO delivers competitive performance, it does not consistently outperform all methods across datasets. Conclusions: The study concludes that NRO is a promising gene selection approach, particularly effective in certain datasets, and suggests that future work should explore hybrid models and feature reduction techniques to further enhance its accuracy and efficiency. Full article
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