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Mar. Drugs, Volume 23, Issue 6 (June 2025) – 2 articles

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15 pages, 1725 KiB  
Review
Marine-Derived Antioxidants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Therapeutic Potential in Oxidative Stress-Associated Diseases
by Ruiqiu Zhang, Yuke Ren, Tianqi Ren, Yue Yu, Bo Li and Xiaobing Zhou
Mar. Drugs 2025, 23(6), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/md23060223 - 22 May 2025
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical factor contributing to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and neurodegenerative conditions. In recent years, marine-derived antioxidants have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their unique biological activities and diverse sources. This comprehensive review [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is a critical factor contributing to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and neurodegenerative conditions. In recent years, marine-derived antioxidants have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their unique biological activities and diverse sources. This comprehensive review explores the therapeutic potential of various marine antioxidants in mitigating oxidative stress-associated diseases. Marine organisms are rich in bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, peptides, and vitamins, which exhibit potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities. These compounds have been shown to effectively inhibit oxidative reactions, repair oxidative damage, and enhance the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms. For instance, marine polysaccharides and their derivatives can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), protect neurons from oxidative damage, and alleviate inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Similarly, marine unsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), have been found to reduce cardiovascular risks by lowering serum triglyceride levels and improving vascular endothelial function. Additionally, marine-derived superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a crucial role in neutralizing ROS, thereby offering protection against oxidative stress in various diseases. Despite these promising findings, challenges remain in the field, including the need for improved extraction and purification technologies, more comprehensive activity evaluation systems, and further research into the safety and bioavailability of these compounds. This review provides a detailed overview of the current research status, highlighting the types, structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and mechanisms of action of marine antioxidants. It also identifies key areas for future research and development, aiming to harness the full potential of marine-derived antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Anti-inflammatory Agents )
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28 pages, 2231 KiB  
Review
Diversity of Bioactive Compounds in Microalgae: Key Classes and Functional Applications
by Maslin Osathanunkul, Suebsuya Thanaporn, Lefkothea Karapetsi, Georgia Maria Nteve, Emmanouil Pratsinakis, Eleni Stefanidou, Giorgos Lagiotis, Eleni Avramidou, Lydia Zorxzobokou, Georgia Tsintzou, Artemis Athanasiou, Sofia Mpelai, Constantinos Constandinidis, Panagiota Pantiora, Marián Merino, José Luis Mullor, Luka Dobrovic, Leonardo Cerasino, Tomohisa Ogawa, Meropi Tsaousi, Alexandre M. C. Rodrigues, Helena Cardoso, Rita Pires, Daniel Figueiredo, Inês F. Costa, Catarina Anjos, Nikolaos E. Labrou and Panagiotis Madesisadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Mar. Drugs 2025, 23(6), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/md23060222 - 22 May 2025
Abstract
Microalgae offer a sustainable and versatile source of bioactive compounds. Their rapid growth, efficient CO2 utilization, and adaptability make them a promising alternative to traditional production methods. Key compounds, such as proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols, phytosterols, pigments, and mycosporine-like amino [...] Read more.
Microalgae offer a sustainable and versatile source of bioactive compounds. Their rapid growth, efficient CO2 utilization, and adaptability make them a promising alternative to traditional production methods. Key compounds, such as proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols, phytosterols, pigments, and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), hold significant commercial value and are widely utilized in food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, driving innovation across multiple industries. Their antiviral and enzyme-producing capabilities further enhance industrial and medical applications. Additionally, microalgae-based biostimulants and plant elicitor peptides (PEPs) contribute to sustainable agriculture by enhancing plant growth and resilience to environmental stressors. The GRAS status of several species facilitates market integration, but challenges in scaling and cost reduction remain. Advances in biotechnology and metabolic engineering will optimize production, driving growth in the global microalgae industry. With increasing consumer demand for natural, eco-friendly products, microalgae will play a vital role in health, food security, and environmental sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biorefinery for Bioactive Compounds Production)
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