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Nutrients
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Nutritional Factors and Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome
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Nutritional Factors and Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 October 2024) | Viewed by 9250

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bing Fang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Interests: functional foods; intestinal microbiome health; microbial metabolites; nutritional enhancement; anti-obesity; brain function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ming Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China
Interests: dairy products; probiotics; egg products

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. One of the primary markers of metabolic syndrome is central obesity, characterized by the excess expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the largest and most active endocrine organ, involved in regulating energy balance, glucose and lipid homeostasis and immune function. Furthermore, sedentary life and the easy access to inexpensive foods contribute to the explanation of why MetS is currently so prevalent. Weight loss and lifestyle changes may improve individual MetS components. The role of nutrients in the development and treatment of MetS was extensively studied. Nutrients can re-set cellular energy homeostasis in the long term, most probably via the epigenetic modification of genes that are involved in a number of key regulatory pathways.

Dr. Bing Fang
Dr. Ming Zhang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • nutrients
  • metabolic syndrome
  • central obesity
  • adipose tissue
  • energy
  • glucose homeostasis
  • lipid homeostasis
  • immune function

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 776 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Fasting Glucose-Insulin-C-Peptide-Derived Metabolic Indices for Identifying Metabolic Syndrome in Young, Healthy Adults
by Irina Bianca Kosovski, Dana Ghiga, Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea, Dragos Constantin Cucoranu, Liliana Demian, Florina Ioana Gliga and Anca Bacârea
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2135; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132135 - 4 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2494
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition defined by a cluster of symptoms, including excessive adipose tissue, impaired glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure (BP). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between the MetS criteria (IDF) and fasting glucose-insulin-C-peptide-derived indices in a cohort [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition defined by a cluster of symptoms, including excessive adipose tissue, impaired glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure (BP). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between the MetS criteria (IDF) and fasting glucose-insulin-C-peptide-derived indices in a cohort of 128 healthy young adults who were 20–35 years old at the time of this study. We measured fasting serum glucose, insulin, C-peptide (CP), HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and hsCRP; HOMA-IR INS, HOMA-IR CP1, HOMA-IR CP2, HOMA-BETA, HOMA-BETA CP, QUICKI, disposition index (DI), CP index (CPI), and 20/C-peptide*glucose. Significant correlations were found between BMI and all HOMA indices, QUICKI, and CPI; waist circumferences and HOMA-IR INS, HOMA-BETA, and QUICKI (for both sexes); glucose and HOMA-IR INS/CP1/CP2, HOMA-BETA CP, DI, and QUICKI; HDL-cholesterol and HOMA-IR INS, HOMA-BETA, and QUICKI for males and females only with QUICKI; triglycerides and HOMA-IR INS, HOMA-BETA, and QUICKI; systolic BP and HOMA-IR INS, HOMA-BETA; diastolic BP and DI. The cut-off values for HOMA-IR INS, HOMA-BETA, and QUICKI in the combined group (females + males) were 1.855, 82.250, 0.355; 2.115, 106.370, 0.345 for males; 1.805, 71.305, 0.355 for females. A stronger correlation was found between males’ indices and hsCRP. In conclusion, CP-derived indices do not add significant information, and the male sex is more predisposed to MetS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Factors and Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome)
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15 pages, 3896 KiB  
Article
Diet Change Improves Obesity and Lipid Deposition in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice
by Tengteng Ji, Bing Fang, Fang Wu, Yaqiong Liu, Le Cheng, Yixuan Li, Ran Wang and Longjiao Zhu
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4978; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234978 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3998
Abstract
The number of obese people is increasing dramatically worldwide, and one of the major causes of obesity is excess energy due to high-fat diets. Several studies have shown that reducing food and energy intake represents a key intervention or treatment to combat overweight/obesity. [...] Read more.
The number of obese people is increasing dramatically worldwide, and one of the major causes of obesity is excess energy due to high-fat diets. Several studies have shown that reducing food and energy intake represents a key intervention or treatment to combat overweight/obesity. Here, we conducted a 12-week energy-restricted dietary intervention for high-fat diet-induced obese mice (C57BL/6J) to investigate the effectiveness of diet change in improving obesity. The results revealed that the diet change from HFD to NFD significantly reduced weight gain and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, providing scientific evidence for the effectiveness of diet change in improving body weight and fat deposition in obese individuals. Regarding the potential explanations for these observations, weight reduction may be attributed to the excessive enlargement of adipocytes in the white adipose tissue of obese mice that were inhibited. Diet change significantly promoted lipolysis in the adipose tissue (eWAT: Adrb3, Plin1, HSL, and CPTA1a; ingWAT: CPT1a) and liver (reduced content of nonesterified fatty acids), and reduced lipogenesis in ingWAT (Dgat2). Moreover, the proportion of proliferative stem cells in vWAT and sWAT changed dramatically with diet change. Overall, our study reveals the phenotypic, structural, and metabolic diversity of multiple tissues (vWAT and sWAT) in response to diet change and identifies a role for adipocyte stem cells in the tissue specificity of diet change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Factors and Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome)
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15 pages, 1627 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Several Adiposity Indexes in Predicting Hypertension among Chinese Adults: Data from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015–2017)
by Yuge Li, Dongmei Yu, Yuxiang Yang, Xue Cheng, Wei Piao, Qiya Guo, Xiaoli Xu, Liyun Zhao and Yuying Wang
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2146; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092146 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1974
Abstract
The current study is to explore the association of the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) with hypertension, and to compare the predictive power of different adiposity indexes regarding hypertension among Chinese adults aged over 45 years. A total of 99,201 participants aged over [...] Read more.
The current study is to explore the association of the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) with hypertension, and to compare the predictive power of different adiposity indexes regarding hypertension among Chinese adults aged over 45 years. A total of 99,201 participants aged over 45 years from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2015–2017 were included in this study. Multivariate adjusted logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension. Multivariate adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses were applied to explore the association of adiposity indexes with hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to compare the predictive powers of different adiposity indexes of hypertension. All eight adiposity indexes included in this study were positively associated with hypertension. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of the CVAI, the participants in the highest quartile showed a significantly higher risk of hypertension (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 3.54–3.86) after multiple adjustments. The ROC analyses suggested that the CVAI was the strongest predictor of hypertension compared to other adiposity indexes in both genders. The findings supported that the CVAI could serve as a reliable and cost-effective method for early identifying hypertension risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Factors and Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome)
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