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Visualization of Coastal Carbonate Lithosomes: Color-Intensity Patterns and Georadar Imaging of a Semi-Lithified Strandplain, Eleuthera Island, The Bahamas
A Proposal for Alternative Navigation Routes Following the Development of Offshore Wind Farms in the Waters of the Republic of Korea
Sea Ice as a Driver of Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) 20 Hz Acoustic Presence in Eastern Antarctic Waters
Surf and Swash Zone Dynamics from High-Frequency Observations at a Microtidal Low-Energy Dissipative Beach
The Challenges of Cyber Resilience in the Maritime Sector: Addressing the Weak Awareness of the Dangers Caused by Cyber Threats

Journal Description

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Ei Compendex, GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Ocean Engineering)
Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 1.9 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2025).
Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Journal Clusters of Water Resources: Water, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Hydrology, Resources, Oceans, Limnological Review, Coasts.

Impact Factor: 2.8 (2024); 5-Year Impact Factor: 2.8 (2024)

Imprint Information Journal Flyer Open Access ISSN: 2077-1312

Latest Articles

21 pages, 14506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Exit Setting Angle of Guide Vane on Bias Flow in Outlet Passage of Slanted Axial Flow Pump System

by Lei Xu, Longcan Chen, Bo Zhu, Hucheng Zhang, Tao Jiang, Hongfei Duan and Cheng Qian

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1413; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081413 - 24 Jul 2025

A slanted axial-flow pump is extensively applied in coastal pumping stations; however, severe bias flow within the outlet passage will result in unstable operation and low efficiency of the slanted axial flow pump system. In order to mitigate bias flow in a slanted [...] Read more.

A slanted axial-flow pump is extensively applied in coastal pumping stations; however, severe bias flow within the outlet passage will result in unstable operation and low efficiency of the slanted axial flow pump system. In order to mitigate bias flow in a slanted axial-flow pump outlet passage, seven exit setting angle schemes of the guide vanes were designed. The influence mechanisms of the guide vane exit setting angle on internal flow characteristics, hydraulic loss, flow deviation coefficient, vortex evolution patterns, and pump system efficiency were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that under design flow conditions, as the exit setting angle of the guide vane ranges from 90° to 105°, the flow field in the first half of the guide vane remains essentially the same. The low-velocity region at the guide vane outlet demonstrates initial contraction followed by gradual expansion with increasing stagger angles. Looking downstream within the flow passage from the left to the right, the hydraulic loss in the outlet passage goes up after an initial descending trend as the exit setting angle increases. When the exit setting angle is 97.5°, the bias coefficient of the outlet passage is 1.031. At this point, the vortex core distribution intensity within the outlet passage reaches a minimum, corresponding to the lowest recorded hydraulic loss of 0.230 m. Compared with the original guide vane scheme, the scheme with an angle set at 97.5° can improve the pump system efficiency of the slanted axial flow pump system, whether the flow is set at a design point or at a large point, and the pump system efficiency is increased by 2.3% under design flow conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

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22 pages, 7144 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wave Height Forecasting in the Bay of Bengal Using Multivariate Hybrid Deep Learning Models

by Phyusin Thet, Aifeng Tao, Tao Lv and Jinhai Zheng

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1412; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081412 - 24 Jul 2025

The development in coastal engineering and maritime transport demands accurate wave height prediction. In this study, hybrid deep learning models, including CNN-LSTM, CNN-BiLSTM, CNN-GRU, and CNN-BiGRU, are employed to develop regional multivariate wave prediction models that incorporate multiple features, such as wave height, [...] Read more.

The development in coastal engineering and maritime transport demands accurate wave height prediction. In this study, hybrid deep learning models, including CNN-LSTM, CNN-BiLSTM, CNN-GRU, and CNN-BiGRU, are employed to develop regional multivariate wave prediction models that incorporate multiple features, such as wave height, wind stress, water depth, pressure, and sea surface temperature (SST), for the entire Bay of Bengal area. Sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the accuracy using statistical metrics, such as the correlation coefficient, RMSE, and MAE. The findings demonstrate that regional multivariate models offer satisfactory results for the entire Bay of Bengal region. The multivariate model performs better compared to the univariate model as the forecast horizon increases. Performance assessment of each environmental factor, employing the integrated gradient method, reveals that sea surface temperature has the most significant influence, while wind stress is the least dominant factor in the wave prediction model. Among the tested models, the CNN-BiGRU has superior performance with a correlation of 0.9872, an RMSE of 0.1547, and an MAE of 0.1005 for the 3 h prediction and is proposed as the optimal model. This study contributes to assessing the contribution of each environmental feature and improving the accuracy of regional wave prediction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)

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18 pages, 1936 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Virtual Sensors for a Pyramidal Weathervaning Floating Wind Turbine

by Hector del Pozo Gonzalez, Magnus Daniel Kallinger, Tolga Yalcin, José Ignacio Rapha and Jose Luis Domínguez-García

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081411 - 24 Jul 2025

This study explores virtual sensing techniques for the Eolink floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT), which features a pyramidal platform and a single-point mooring system that enables weathervaning to maximize power production and reduce structural loads. To address the challenges and costs associated with [...] Read more.

This study explores virtual sensing techniques for the Eolink floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT), which features a pyramidal platform and a single-point mooring system that enables weathervaning to maximize power production and reduce structural loads. To address the challenges and costs associated with monitoring submerged components, virtual sensors are investigated as an alternative to physical instrumentation. The main objective is to design a virtual sensor of mooring hawser loads using a reduced set of input features from GPS, anemometer, and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data. A virtual sensor is also proposed to estimate the bending moment at the joint of the pyramid masts. The FOWT is modeled in OrcaFlex, and a range of load cases is simulated for training and testing. Under defined sensor sampling conditions, both supervised and physics-informed machine learning algorithms are evaluated. The models are tested under aligned and misaligned environmental conditions, as well as across operating regimes below- and above-rated conditions. Results show that mooring tensions can be estimated with high accuracy, while bending moment predictions also perform well, though with lower precision. These findings support the use of virtual sensing to reduce instrumentation requirements in critical areas of the floating wind platform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamic Response to the Effect of Current Loads on Floating Offshore Platform)

23 pages, 8212 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Developments in the Nonlinear Hydroelastic Modeling of Sea Ice Interaction with Marine Structures

by Sarat Chandra Mohapatra, Pouria Amouzadrad and C. Guedes Soares

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081410 - 24 Jul 2025

This review provides the recent advancements in nonlinear sea ice modeling for hydroelastic analysis of ice-covered channels and their interaction with floating structures. It surveys theoretical, experimental, and numerical methodologies used to analyze complex coupled sea ice–structure interactions. The paper discusses governing fluid [...] Read more.

This review provides the recent advancements in nonlinear sea ice modeling for hydroelastic analysis of ice-covered channels and their interaction with floating structures. It surveys theoretical, experimental, and numerical methodologies used to analyze complex coupled sea ice–structure interactions. The paper discusses governing fluid domain solutions, fluid–ice interaction mechanisms, and ice–structure (ship) contact models, alongside experimental techniques and various numerical models. While significant progress has been made, particularly with coupled approaches validated by experimental data, challenges remain in full-scale validation and accurately representing ice properties and dynamic interactions. Findings highlight the increasing importance of understanding sea ice interactions, particularly in the context of climate change, Arctic transportation, and the development of very large floating structures. This review serves as a crucial resource for advancing safe and sustainable Arctic and offshore engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

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25 pages, 2486 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Intense Internal Waves Traveling Along an Acoustic Path on Source Holographic Reconstruction in Shallow Water

by Sergey Pereselkov, Venedikt Kuz’kin, Matthias Ehrhardt, Sergey Tkachenko, Alexey Pereselkov and Nikolay Ladykin

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1409; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081409 - 24 Jul 2025

This paper studies how intense internal waves (IIWs) affect the holographic reconstruction of the sound field generated by a moving source in a shallow-water environment. It is assumed that the IIWs propagate along the acoustic path between the source and the receiver. The [...] Read more.

This paper studies how intense internal waves (IIWs) affect the holographic reconstruction of the sound field generated by a moving source in a shallow-water environment. It is assumed that the IIWs propagate along the acoustic path between the source and the receiver. The presence of IIWs introduces inhomogeneities into the waveguide and causes significant mode coupling, which perturbs the received sound field. This paper proposes the use of holographic signal processing (HSP) to eliminate perturbations in the received signal caused by mode coupling due to IIWs. Within the HSP framework, we examine the interferogram (the received sound intensity distribution in the frequency–time domain) and the hologram (the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the interferogram) of a moving source in the presence of space–time inhomogeneities caused by IIWs. A key finding is that under the influence of IIWs, the hologram is divided into two regions that correspond to the unperturbed and perturbed components of the sound field. This hologram structure enables the extraction and reconstruction of the interferogram corresponding to the unperturbed field as it would appear in a shallow-water waveguide without IIWs. Numerical simulations of HSP application under the realistic conditions of the SWARM’95 experiment were carried out for stationary and moving sources. The results demonstrate the high efficiency of holographic reconstruction of the unperturbed sound field. Unlike matched field processing (MFP), HSP does not require prior knowledge of the propagation environment. These research results advance signal processing methods in underwater acoustics by introducing efficient HSP methods for environments with spatiotemporal inhomogeneities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)

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25 pages, 31775 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Machine Learning-Based Binary Classification Models for Low Ice-Class Vessels Navigation Risk Assessment

by Yuanyuan Zhang, Guangyu Li, Jianfeng Zhu and Xiao Cheng

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1408; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081408 - 24 Jul 2025

The presence of sea ice threatens low ice-class vessels’ navigation safety in the Arctic, and traditional Navigation Risk Assessment Models based on sea ice parameters have been widely used to guide safe passages for ships operating in ice regions. However, these models mainly [...] Read more.

The presence of sea ice threatens low ice-class vessels’ navigation safety in the Arctic, and traditional Navigation Risk Assessment Models based on sea ice parameters have been widely used to guide safe passages for ships operating in ice regions. However, these models mainly rely on empirical coefficients, and the accuracy of these models in identifying sea ice navigation risk remains insufficiently validated. Therefore, under the binary classification framework, this study used Automatic Identification System (AIS) data along the Northeast Passage (NEP) as positive samples, manual interpretation non-navigable data as negative samples, a total of 10 machine learning (ML) models were employed to capture the complex relationships between ice conditions and navigation risk for Polar Class (PC) 6 and Open Water (OW) vessels. The results showed that compared to traditional Navigation Risk Assessment Models, most of the 10 ML models exhibited significantly improved classification accuracy, which was especially pronounced when classifying samples of PC6 vessel. This study also revealed that the navigability of the East Siberian Sea (ESS) and the Vilkitsky Strait along the NEP is relatively poor, particularly during the month when sea ice melts and reforms, requiring special attention. The navigation risk output by ML models is strongly determined by sea ice thickness. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the safety and efficiency of Arctic maritime transport. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing for Maritime Monitoring and Ship Surveillance)

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17 pages, 16582 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unsteady Hydrodynamic Calculation and Characteristic Analysis of Voith–Schneider Propeller with High Eccentricity

by Zhihua Liu, Weixin Xue, Wentao Liu and Qian Chen

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1407; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081407 - 24 Jul 2025

To analyze the hydrodynamic performance of the Voith–Schneider Propeller (VSP) under high eccentricity (e = 0.9), open-water performance numerical calculations were conducted for the VSP at different eccentricities. The results were compared with experimental data, revealing significant discrepancies at high eccentricity. Analysis [...] Read more.

To analyze the hydrodynamic performance of the Voith–Schneider Propeller (VSP) under high eccentricity (e = 0.9), open-water performance numerical calculations were conducted for the VSP at different eccentricities. The results were compared with experimental data, revealing significant discrepancies at high eccentricity. Analysis identified that during the experiment, the VSP blades did not strictly move according to the prescribed “normal intersection principle” when passing near the eccentric point, which was the primary cause of the errors between the calculation and experiment. Further research demonstrated that when the blades pass near the eccentric point, both the individual blade and the overall propeller exhibit strong unsteady pulsation phenomena. The characteristics of these unsteady forces become more pronounced with increasing eccentricity. For the VSP under high eccentricity (e = 0.9), different Blade Steering Curves near the eccentric point were designed using a parametric method. The hydrodynamic performance of the VSP under these different curves was compared. The study demonstrates that rationally optimizing the motion of blades is a key approach to improving their hydrodynamic performance. At J = 2.4, the adoption of Opt-5 enables a 4.67% increase in thrust, a 25.19% reduction in thrust pulsation, a 12.74% reduction in torque, an 81.94% reduction in torque pulsation, and a 19.95% improvement in efficiency for the VSP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

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17 pages, 5257 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Draft Control Optimization of Ship Passing a Lock Based on CFD Method

by Yuan Zhuang, Yu Ding, Jialun Liu and Song Zhang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1406; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081406 - 23 Jul 2025

Waterborne transportation serves as a critical pillar of trunk-line freight systems, offering unparalleled advantages in transport capacity, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. As cargo throughput demands escalate, optimizing lock capacity becomes imperative. This study investigates ship sinkage dynamics through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations [...] Read more.

Waterborne transportation serves as a critical pillar of trunk-line freight systems, offering unparalleled advantages in transport capacity, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. As cargo throughput demands escalate, optimizing lock capacity becomes imperative. This study investigates ship sinkage dynamics through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for a representative inland cargo vessel navigating the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River. We develop a predictive sinkage model that integrates four key hydrodynamic parameters: ship velocity, draft, water depth, and bank clearance, applicable to both open shallow water and lockage conditions. The model enables determination of maximum safe drafts for lock transit by analyzing upstream/downstream water levels and corresponding chamber depths. Our results demonstrate the technical feasibility of enhancing single-lock cargo capacity while maintaining safety margins. These findings provide (1) a scientifically grounded framework for draft control optimization, and (2) actionable insights for lock operation management. The study establishes a methodological foundation for balancing navigational safety with growing throughput requirements in constrained waterways. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

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15 pages, 2671 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Data-Driven Optimization of Voith–Schneider Tug Operations: Towards a Digital Twin Framework for Port Energy Management

by Feliciano Fraguela, Fernando Mendizábal, José M. Pérez-Canosa and José A. Orosa

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1405; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081405 - 23 Jul 2025

This study presents a data-driven methodology to optimize the operational efficiency of a tugboat equipped with a Voith–Schneider Propeller (VSP) based on full-scale fuel consumption and vessel performance data. The objective is to identify optimal combinations of engine RPM and propeller pitch to [...] Read more.

This study presents a data-driven methodology to optimize the operational efficiency of a tugboat equipped with a Voith–Schneider Propeller (VSP) based on full-scale fuel consumption and vessel performance data. The objective is to identify optimal combinations of engine RPM and propeller pitch to reduce fuel consumption during low-demand phases without compromising maneuverability. Sea trials were conducted under controlled conditions using a dual flowmeter system and onboard speed measurements. The data enabled the construction of performance curves, efficiency ratios, and interpolated maps of fuel consumption. Optimal configurations were identified across defined speed ranges, and continuous efficiency zones were visualized through iso-consumption and contour plots. The results reveal a nonlinear relationship between propeller pitch, speed, and fuel demand, with maximum efficiency occurring at medium-to-high pitch values and speeds between 3 and 6 knots. This methodology provides a replicable tool for energy management in port operations and supports informed decisions during accompanying operations and standby periods. Efficiency differences over 300% between RPM–pitch settings were found, highlighting the operational impact of informed configuration choices. Moreover, the structured dataset and visual analysis framework lay the groundwork for future digital twin models aimed at enhancing operational efficiency in VSP-powered tugboats. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novelties in Marine Propulsion)

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39 pages, 2898 KiB

Open AccessReview

Floating Solar Energy Systems: A Review of Economic Feasibility and Cross-Sector Integration with Marine Renewable Energy, Aquaculture and Hydrogen

by Marius Manolache, Alexandra Ionelia Manolache and Gabriel Andrei

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1404; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081404 - 23 Jul 2025

Excessive reliance on traditional energy sources such as coal, petroleum, and gas leads to a decrease in natural resources and contributes to global warming. Consequently, the adoption of renewable energy sources in power systems is experiencing swift expansion worldwide, especially in offshore areas. [...] Read more.

Excessive reliance on traditional energy sources such as coal, petroleum, and gas leads to a decrease in natural resources and contributes to global warming. Consequently, the adoption of renewable energy sources in power systems is experiencing swift expansion worldwide, especially in offshore areas. Floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) technology is gaining recognition as an innovative renewable energy option, presenting benefits like minimized land requirements, improved cooling effects, and possible collaborations with hydropower. This study aims to assess the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) associated with floating solar initiatives in offshore and onshore environments. Furthermore, the LCOE is assessed for initiatives that utilize floating solar PV modules within aquaculture farms, as well as for the integration of various renewable energy sources, including wind, wave, and hydropower. The LCOE for FPV technology exhibits considerable variation, ranging from 28.47 EUR/MWh to 1737 EUR/MWh, depending on the technologies utilized within the farm as well as its geographical setting. The implementation of FPV technology in aquaculture farms revealed a notable increase in the LCOE, ranging from 138.74 EUR/MWh to 2306 EUR/MWh. Implementation involving additional renewable energy sources results in a reduction in the LCOE, ranging from 3.6 EUR/MWh to 315.33 EUR/MWh. The integration of floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems into green hydrogen production represents an emerging direction that is relatively little explored but has high potential in reducing costs. The conversion of this energy into hydrogen involves high final costs, with the LCOH ranging from 1.06 EUR/kg to over 26.79 EUR/kg depending on the complexity of the system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Utilization of Offshore Renewable Energy)

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21 pages, 1383 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Underwater Images with LITM: A Dual-Domain Lightweight Transformer Framework

by Wang Hu, Zhuojing Rong, Lijun Zhang, Zhixiang Liu, Zhenhua Chu, Lu Zhang, Liping Zhou and Jingxiang Xu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081403 - 23 Jul 2025

Underwater image enhancement (UIE) technology plays a vital role in marine resource exploration, environmental monitoring, and underwater archaeology. However, due to the absorption and scattering of light in underwater environments, images often suffer from blurred details, color distortion, and low contrast, which seriously [...] Read more.

Underwater image enhancement (UIE) technology plays a vital role in marine resource exploration, environmental monitoring, and underwater archaeology. However, due to the absorption and scattering of light in underwater environments, images often suffer from blurred details, color distortion, and low contrast, which seriously affect the usability of underwater images. To address the above limitations, a lightweight transformer-based model (LITM) is proposed for improving underwater degraded images. Firstly, our proposed method utilizes a lightweight RGB transformer enhancer (LRTE) that uses efficient channel attention blocks to capture local detail features in the RGB domain. Subsequently, a lightweight HSV transformer encoder (LHTE) is utilized to extract global brightness, color, and saturation from the hue–saturation–value (HSV) domain. Finally, we propose a multi-modal integration block (MMIB) to effectively fuse enhanced information from the RGB and HSV pathways, as well as the input image. Our proposed LITM method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 26.70 and a structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.9405 on the LSUI dataset. Furthermore, the designed method also exhibits good generality and adaptability on unpaired datasets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

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36 pages, 7335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

COLREGs-Compliant Distributed Stochastic Search Algorithm for Multi-Ship Collision Avoidance

by Bohan Zhang, Jinichi Koue, Tenda Okimoto and Katsutoshi Hirayama

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1402; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081402 - 23 Jul 2025

The increasing complexity of maritime traffic imposes growing demands on the safety and rationality of ship-collision-avoidance decisions. While most existing research focuses on simple encounter scenarios, autonomous collision-avoidance strategies that comply with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) in complex [...] Read more.

The increasing complexity of maritime traffic imposes growing demands on the safety and rationality of ship-collision-avoidance decisions. While most existing research focuses on simple encounter scenarios, autonomous collision-avoidance strategies that comply with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) in complex multi-ship environments remain insufficiently investigated. To address this gap, this study proposes a novel collision-avoidance framework that integrates a quantitative COLREGs analysis with a distributed stochastic search mechanism. The framework consists of three core components: encounter identification, safety assessment, and stage classification. A cost function is employed to balance safety, COLREGs compliance, and navigational efficiency, incorporating a distance-based weighting factor to modulate the influence of each target vessel. The use of a distributed stochastic search algorithm enables decentralized decision-making through localized information sharing and probabilistic updates. Extensive simulations conducted across a variety of scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method can rapidly generate effective collision-avoidance strategies that fully comply with COLREGs. Comprehensive evaluations in terms of safety, navigational efficiency, COLREGs adherence, and real-time computational performance further validate the method’s strong adaptability and its promising potential for practical application in complex multi-ship environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime Security and Risk Assessments—2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 2243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Description of Kentmoseria sirinensis n. sp. and Kentmoseria lusitanica n. comb. (Sirin et al. 2018) (Cnidaria, Myxosporea) from Common Two-Banded Seabream Diplodus vulgaris (Teleostei, Sparidae)

by Tiago Almeida, Luís F. Rangel, Mónica Sá, Catarina Araújo, Maria João Santos and Sónia Rocha

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1401; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081401 - 23 Jul 2025

The common two-banded seabream, Diplodus vulgaris, is a commercially important fish in the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic, yet its myxosporean parasite diversity remains unknown. To address this gap, we conducted a myxosporean survey in D. vulgaris specimens from eastern Atlantic fishing stocks. [...] Read more.

The common two-banded seabream, Diplodus vulgaris, is a commercially important fish in the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic, yet its myxosporean parasite diversity remains unknown. To address this gap, we conducted a myxosporean survey in D. vulgaris specimens from eastern Atlantic fishing stocks. Myxospores resembling Kentmoseria were observed in the urinary bladder of three specimens. 18S rDNA analyses, however, identified two isolates as Bipteria lusitanica, with the third also showing the highest similarity to this species. Morphological comparison revealed significant overlap between B. lusitanica and Kentmoseria, particularly in the suture line orientation. Accordingly, we describe a novel species, Kentmoseria sirinensis n. sp., and propose Kentmoseria lusitanica n. comb. The unclear boundaries between Bipteria and Kentmoseria are highlighted, though redefining or suppressing either genus remains premature without sequencing their type species. Moreover, our phylogenetic analyses show these species clustering among Sinuolineidae, rather than Ortholineidae, supporting the dismantling of Ortholineidae and the placement of Kentmoseria within Sinuolineidae. The ancestral placement of Bipteria vetusta suggests that it is taxonomically distinct and not a member of the Sinuolineidae. Finally, the occurrence of two Kentmoseria spp. in D. vulgaris suggests diversification in Diplodus, underscoring the need to study myxosporean diversity in wild stocks to assess aquaculture risks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Marine Biology)

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21 pages, 5697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Subtidal Biodiversity of the Punta de Coles Marine Reserve, Moquegua, Peru

by Sheda Méndez-Ancca, Renzo Pepe-Victoriano, Yesica Alvarez Meza, Hebert Hernán Soto Gonzales, Juan Luis Ccamapaza Aguilar, Alex Tejada Cáceres, Danny Efraín Baldarrago Centeno, Abel Walter Zambrano-Cabanillas and Jorge González Aguilera

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1400; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081400 - 23 Jul 2025

Marine reserves are key instruments for the conservation of biodiversity; however, benthic biodiversity studies often lack comprehensive data on species distribution and richness. The Punta Coles Natural Reserve (PCNR), located on the southern coast of Peru within the Humboldt Current System, represents a [...] Read more.

Marine reserves are key instruments for the conservation of biodiversity; however, benthic biodiversity studies often lack comprehensive data on species distribution and richness. The Punta Coles Natural Reserve (PCNR), located on the southern coast of Peru within the Humboldt Current System, represents a highly productive marine ecosystem, but information on its biodiversity is limited. The present study examines the benthic community of the hard substrate in the area of the PCNR via censuses by semiautonomous diving “Hookah” at depths between 1 and 15 m to provide baseline information to support its ecosystem management. Using NMDS and PERMANOVAs, we confirmed significant differences in species composition among depth strata, underscoring the role of depth as a key factor driving variability and species distribution in shallow zones. The community structure varies both spatially within the reserve and as a function of depth and is determined by the presence and distribution of key habitat-structuring organisms, as well as the configuration of the seabed. Our study highlights the ecological value of the PCNR, improves regional scientific knowledge, provides a useful baseline against which future anthropogenic pressures can be evaluated, and proposes the integration of subtidal kelp forests (Lessonia trabeculata), mussel beds (Aulacomya atra) and sea squirt (Pyura chilensis) network aggregations into conservation strategies to contribute to best management practices for PCNR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biota Distribution and Biodiversity)

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20 pages, 18429 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Automated Strain-Based Processing Route Generation for Curved Plate Forming in Shipbuilding

by Lichun Chang, Yao Zhao, Zhenshuai Wei and Hua Yuan

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1399; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081399 - 23 Jul 2025

Curved plate forming is essential in shipbuilding but traditionally relies on manual methods with low efficiency. Achieving automation in curved plate forming requires robust methods to generate processing solutions. This paper introduces a novel method for deriving the processing routes and strain distributions [...] Read more.

Curved plate forming is essential in shipbuilding but traditionally relies on manual methods with low efficiency. Achieving automation in curved plate forming requires robust methods to generate processing solutions. This paper introduces a novel method for deriving the processing routes and strain distributions necessary to form complex curve plate using integrated heating and mechanical rolling forming equipment. The key aspects of this method include analyzing the target surface and solving for the required processing strains based on finite element analysis, discretizing the strain paths and refining them into engineering-feasible processing routes, deriving processing schemes from the calculated strains, and predicting and validating the processing schemes using the inherent strain method. The method is validated by applying it to typical surface of ship hull plates. Key outcomes demonstrate the method’s effectiveness and applicability: (1) The proposed method effectively establishes a quantitative relationship between the target surface geometry, processing routes, and the required processing strains. (2) By analyzing various target surface cases, the method demonstrates wide applicability. Standardized procedures can be applied to different surface shapes to derive the necessary processing routes and strains, thereby laying a solid foundation for the automation of curved hull plate forming. (3) Experimental forming tests on typical curved surfaces confirm that the processing schemes based on the proposed strain generation method can reliably achieve the desired geometries, showcasing the method’s capability to guide practical forming processes. The comparison between the formed and target shapes shows that the processing deviation of the schemes generated by this method remains within 5 mm, demonstrating high accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

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20 pages, 695 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deep Hybrid Model for Fault Diagnosis of Ship’s Main Engine

by Se-Ha Kim, Tae-Gyeong Kim, Junseok Lee, Hyoung-Kyu Song, Hyeonjoon Moon and Chang-Jae Chun

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1398; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081398 - 23 Jul 2025

Ships play a crucial role in modern society, serving purposes such as marine transportation, tourism, and exploration. Malfunctions or defects in the main engine, which is a core component of ship operations, can disrupt normal functionality and result in substantial financial losses. Consequently, [...] Read more.

Ships play a crucial role in modern society, serving purposes such as marine transportation, tourism, and exploration. Malfunctions or defects in the main engine, which is a core component of ship operations, can disrupt normal functionality and result in substantial financial losses. Consequently, early fault diagnosis of abnormal engine conditions is critical for effective maintenance. In this paper, we propose a deep hybrid model for fault diagnosis of ship main engines, utilizing exhaust gas temperature data. The proposed model utilizes both time-domain features (TDFs) and time-series raw data. In order to effectively extract features from each type of data, two distinct feature extraction networks and an attention module-based classifier are designed. The model performance is evaluated using real-world cylinder exhaust gas temperature data collected from the large ship low-speed two-stroke main engine. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in fault diagnosis accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves fault diagnosis accuracy by 6.146% compared to the best conventional method. Furthermore, the proposed method maintains superior performanceeven in noisy environments under realistic industrial conditions. This study demonstrates the potential of using exhaust gas temperature using a single sensor signal for data-driven fault detection and provides a scalable foundation for future multi-sensor diagnostic systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

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33 pages, 20783 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wave-Induced Seabed Stability in an Infinite Porous Seabed: Effects of Phase-Lags

by Xufen He and Dong-Sheng Jeng

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1397; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081397 - 23 Jul 2025

The evaluation of the wave-induced seabed stability such as liquefaction and shear failure is one of the factors that must be considered in the design of marine infrastructures. Due to the transformation within the porous medium, the wave-induced soil response manifests itself as [...] Read more.

The evaluation of the wave-induced seabed stability such as liquefaction and shear failure is one of the factors that must be considered in the design of marine infrastructures. Due to the transformation within the porous medium, the wave-induced soil response manifests itself as a phase delay in the dynamic wave pressure on the seabed surface, which is referred to as “phase-lag”. In this study, the analytical solutions of wave-induced soil response in an infinite porous seabed are further examined to clarify the effects of phase-lags. Based on the coefficient of relative rigidity of the soil skeleton to the pore fluid (

R_{k}

), a simplified approximation is derived. The expressions of the phase-lags for wave-induced soil response are presented for various cases. Moreover, the phase-lag effects on instantaneous liquefaction and shear failure are analysed. Based on the parametric study, it is concluded the extreme phase-lag for wave-induced pore pressure increases with increasing

R_{k}

, the extreme phase-lag for horizontal effective stress and shear stress decrease with increasing

R_{k}

. Furthermore, the liquefaction zone and shear failure zone increase with increasing

R_{k}

. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave–Structure–Seabed Interaction)

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23 pages, 7173 KiB

Open AccessArticle

LiDAR Data-Driven Deep Network for Ship Berthing Behavior Prediction in Smart Port Systems

by Jiyou Wang, Ying Li, Hua Guo, Zhaoyi Zhang and Yue Gao

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081396 - 23 Jul 2025

Accurate ship berthing behavior prediction (BBP) is essential for enabling collision warnings and support decision-making. Existing methods based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data perform well in the task of ship trajectory prediction over long time-series and large scales, but struggle with addressing [...] Read more.

Accurate ship berthing behavior prediction (BBP) is essential for enabling collision warnings and support decision-making. Existing methods based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data perform well in the task of ship trajectory prediction over long time-series and large scales, but struggle with addressing the fine-grained and highly dynamic changes in berthing scenarios. Therefore, the accuracy of BBP remains a crucial challenge. In this paper, a novel BBP method based on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data is proposed. To test its feasibility, a comprehensive dataset is established by conducting on-site collection of berthing data at Dalian Port (China) using a shore-based LiDAR system. This dataset comprises equal-interval data from 77 berthing activities involving three large ships. In order to find a straightforward architecture to provide good performance on our dataset, a cascading network model combining convolutional neural network (CNN), a bi-directional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) and bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) are developed to serve as the baseline. Experimental results demonstrate that the baseline outperformed other commonly used prediction models and their combinations in terms of prediction accuracy. In summary, our research findings help overcome the limitations of AIS data in berthing scenarios and provide a foundation for predicting complete berthing status, therefore offering practical insights for safer, more efficient, and automated management in smart port systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

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15 pages, 4116 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Spatial Configuration and Force Analyses of Hoses in a Fully Hose-Based Conveyance System

by Jun Li, Kai Zhan, Ming Zhang, Yangrui Cheng and Yingying Wang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1395; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081395 - 23 Jul 2025

The conveying hose is an important piece of equipment in the field of Marine engineering. Its spatial configuration and force conditions affect the normal operation of the Marine engineering system. This paper proposes a flexible, fully hose-based conveyance method for the field of [...] Read more.

The conveying hose is an important piece of equipment in the field of Marine engineering. Its spatial configuration and force conditions affect the normal operation of the Marine engineering system. This paper proposes a flexible, fully hose-based conveyance method for the field of deep-sea mining and mainly uses Orcaflex software to simulate and analyze the characteristics of the conveying hose in this system. This paper studies the influences of the top spacing, incoming flow direction, and placement and recovery processes on the configuration characteristics and force conditions of the hose. The conclusion drawn is that the conveying hose studied in this paper can maintain a good spatial configuration underwater and has a stable force condition. When the top spacing is 20 m, the transition of the curved section at the bottom of the hose is relatively smooth. The top tension of the hose has a good adaptability to the top spacing and the direction of the incoming flow. The conveying hose can stably complete the deployment and recovery operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

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17 pages, 3842 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Summer Cyclonic Circulation in the Southern Gulf of California on Planktonic Copepod Communities

by Franco Antonio Rocha-Díaz, María Adela Monreal-Gómez, Erik Coria-Monter, David Alberto Salas-de-León, Elizabeth Durán-Campos and Sergio Cházaro-Olvera

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081394 - 23 Jul 2025

This study evaluated how the summer circulation pattern in the Southern Gulf of California influences copepod communities. The evaluation was based on hydrographic data and zooplankton samples collected during a multidisciplinary research cruise conducted in June and July of 2019. The results revealed [...] Read more.

This study evaluated how the summer circulation pattern in the Southern Gulf of California influences copepod communities. The evaluation was based on hydrographic data and zooplankton samples collected during a multidisciplinary research cruise conducted in June and July of 2019. The results revealed the presence of a cyclonic circulation with a diameter of approximately 100 km, located near the entrance of the Gulf, affecting the upper 200 m layer. A total of 30 copepod species were identified, including 20 from the order Calanoida and 10 from Cyclopoida. The most abundant Calanoida species were Canthocalanus pauper, Clausocalanus furcatus, and Subeucalanus subcrassus, with respective densities of 2316.80, 1593.60, and 1584.64 ind m⁻³. The most abundant Cyclopoida species were Oithona setigera, Dioithona rigida, and Oncaea venusta, which had densities of 963.44, 290.56, and 235.52 ind m⁻³, respectively. The horizontal distribution of these species showed variations influenced by the cyclonic circulation. Specifically, low abundance values were observed at the center of cyclonic circulation, while higher values were found at its periphery. This pattern was consistent among the dominant species, indicating that they do not benefit from the cold subsurface waters induced by circulation. In fact, the distribution of some species was higher in a band of warm water located in the eastern portion of the study area. Overall, our findings shed light on how the summer cyclonic circulation in the Southern Gulf of California affects the copepod community, an aspect that has not been previously explored. This research enhances our understanding of the processes influencing this group of organisms in a highly dynamic environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesozooplankton Ecology in Marine Environments)

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