The Role of Maritime Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Communication in Achieving Net Zero GHG

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2026) | Viewed by 325

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Instituto para el Desarrollo Tecnologíco para la Innovación en Comunicaciones (IDeTIC), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Interests: wireless communications; electronics and communication; radio communication; radio propagation; cellular communication; MPI; parallel processing; antennas and propagation

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Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Interests: Net Zero GHG for maritime transport; performance of green technologies, regulations and MBMs on shipping decarbonization; deviations of MBM and actual pollutant impact of vessels; technical optimization of SSS vessels to maximize their sustainability, techno-economic analysis of WtW emissions reduction on vessels; national and regional policies development in shipping to achieve Zero GHG

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For more than two decades, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been used to share relevant maritime navigation data. It is a simple system that continues to provide numerous benefits for maritime surveillance, as demonstrated by various applications that use AIS data to reconstruct ship trajectories, estimate times-of-arrival at ports, quantify ship emissions or detect illegal activities at sea, among other uses. AIS data analysis are important in environmental studies on maritime transport, facilitating the development of strategies to achieve Net Zero GHG emissions through alternative fuels, renewable energies and green corridors. A new system (VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) complements the AIS, allowing higher data traffic rates. New maritime communications have also emerged, such as e-navigation, which facilitates data exchange between the various stakeholders in the maritime environment (port infrastructure, ships, search and rescue services, climate resilience, etc.). This Special Issue focuses on contributions in the field of maritime communications which enable much more sustainable maritime transport.

Dr. Francisco Cabrera
Dr. Alba Martínez-López
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • AIS data
  • green technologies’ assessment to meet Net Zero GH
  • maritime tracking
  • market-based measure performance on maritime transport decarbonization
  • navigation safety
  • techno-economic analysis of WtW emissions reduction
  • VDES (VHF Data Exchange System)
  • net-zero GHG strategies and policy trends for maritime transport
  • ship traffic
  • role of renewable energies and alternative fuels in the green transition

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

25 pages, 2217 KB  
Article
A Standard-Compatible Forward Error Correction Extension for the Automatic Identification System
by Armin Dammann, Ronald Raulefs, Michael Walter and Markus Wirsing
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(10), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14100950 (registering DOI) - 20 May 2026
Abstract
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a maritime radio system that regularly broadcasts vessel data, such as the vessel’s identification, position, course and speed. For modulation, the AIS standard defines Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) as an easy to implement modulation scheme with [...] Read more.
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a maritime radio system that regularly broadcasts vessel data, such as the vessel’s identification, position, course and speed. For modulation, the AIS standard defines Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) as an easy to implement modulation scheme with constant envelope, meaning that a GMSK complex baseband signal carries information solely in its phase. AIS does not use any forward error correction (FEC) mechanism. In this paper we propose to extend GMSK with amplitude modulation, leading to multi-amplitude Gaussian minimum shift keying (MA-GMSK). The additional modulation of the amplitude increases the spectral efficiency so that additional information, i.e., additional bits can be transmitted. We use the increased spectral efficiency to implement FEC, where we transmit the redundancy bits of a systematic channel code via the additional amplitude modulation in the proposed MA-GMSK scheme. With this approach, the proposed MA-GMSK signal can be processed by off-the-shelf AIS receivers, thus demonstrating empirical standard compatibility with the tested receivers. Based on simulations and experimental results, we propose a suitable MA-GMSK modulation parameter setting and evaluate the packet error rate (PER) performance accordingly. To verify standard compatibility, we examine the performance of commercially available AIS receivers fed with MA-GMSK signals. Using the proposed modulation and coding scheme, an advanced MA-GMSK receiver including FEC provides performance improvements up to 3 dB in the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to state-of-the art AIS using uncoded GMSK. Full article
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