Advanced Protection and Control Methods for HVDC Outgoing Lines from Large-Scale Renewable Energy Bases

Dear Colleagues,

With the advancement of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, numerous gigawatt-scale renewable energy bases are being planned and constructed in China, Europe, and North America. The electricity generated from these bases typically needs to be transmitted over long distances to load centers via high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. However, large-scale renewable energy transmitted through HVDC exhibits significant “double-high” characteristics (high penetration of renewables and high proportion of power electronic equipment). Compared with traditional power grids, the fault evolution mechanism in such systems is more complex, the transient process is extremely fast, and the coupling between control and protection is increasingly profound. Conventional protection principles face severe challenges such as reduced sensitivity and insufficient operating speed. Meanwhile, rapid fault isolation and secure system recovery after DC line faults urgently require deep coordination between protection strategies and converter control capabilities. Therefore, investigating complex fault characteristics, developing novel protection principles, and exploring control–protection coordination methods are of great theoretical and engineering significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of DC transmission systems from renewable energy bases. This Special Issue aims to gather original articles and reviews on the following areas:

• Fault evolution mechanism and transient characteristics analysis of AC collection systems for large-scale renewable energy bases;
• Fault ride-through strategies of renewable station converters and their impact on collection system protection;
• Interaction between AC collection systems and DC converter stations and coordinated protection strategies;
• Fault evolution mechanisms and transient characteristics analysis of DC transmission lines;
• Novel DC line protection principles suitable for complex scenarios such as high resistance and weak infeed;
• DC fault ride-through and self-recovery technologies considering control–protection interaction;
• Fault characteristic analysis and protection principles for novel DC transmission technologies such as DRU and CLCC;
• Fault coordination and isolation strategies for multi-terminal DC grids and flexible DC grids;
• Fast sensing and intelligent control technologies for DC circuit breakers;
• Integrated fault diagnosis and location methods for AC/DC hybrid systems;
• Application of artificial intelligence and digital twins in fault protection and control of AC/DC systems;
• Control–protection coordination optimization strategies to enhance transmission capability from renewable energy bases.

Dr. Jian Qiao
Dr. Yangyang He
Dr. Jian Liu
Dr. Yifan Zhao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the Special Issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.