Advances in TNBC: New Markers for Innovative Treatments

Dear Colleagues,

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer (BC) subtype characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and the absence of type 2 epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) overexpression, the classical markers used in targeted therapy. This feature makes TNBC a hard-to-treat tumor for the meager choice of effective drugs. To date, chemotherapy is the first-line treatment but, unfortunately, many TNBCs only partially respond to it.

For these reasons, TNBC represents a challenge for scientists and physicians. Many studies tried to characterize this BC subtype to find new targetable proteins to cure it and the results have certainly underlined its high heterogeneity as a principal and undisputed trait.

Many molecules, such as EGFR, PI3K, PARP, MEK, and histone deacetylase (HDAC), are mutated or hyperactivated, while others, for instance, AR and ERb, control growth and spreading, thereby all representing an attractive target to develop effective therapies in TNBC. Another weakness of TNBC is the presence of many immune cells, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, thereby immunotherapy represents another fascinating weapon to treat this incurable cancer.

This Special Issue aims to be a collection of manuscripts useful in updating knowledge on TNBC, and giving new ideas for studying, developing, and testing new drugs, effective even on more aggressive forms of this BC subtype.

I would like to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue with your research articles and reviews that include but are not limited to the following topics: molecular targets, signaling pathways, miRs, the role of epigenetics, new drugs, and targeted treatments in TNBC.

Dr. Pia Giovannelli
Guest Editor

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