Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Treatment Resistance and Predictive Biomarkers in Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy in men and a major cause of cancer death. For patients with PC who experience disease relapse after local therapy or for those with metastatic disease, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the backbone of systemic therapy. However, despite significant initial responses to ADT, almost all metastatic patients progress to an incurable metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), defined as radiographic progression and/or a rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) despite having a castrate level of testosterone. Although several new options for the treatment of mCRPC have been approved in the last decade—the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone, the androgen receptor antagonist enzalutamide, the taxane cabazitaxel, the immunotherapy sipuleucel-T, the alpha-emmitter radium-223 as well as PARP inhibitors and PSMA radioligands—unfortunately, not all patients initially respond to these therapies, while nearly all of them develop resistance. Thus, understanding the molecular and clinical mechanisms leading to therapy resistance and determine new predictive biomarkers is crucial to achieving further advances in the sequencing of available drugs and targeting new therapeutic pathways that improve the clinical management of metastatic prostate cancer patients in order to pursue a personalized treatment approach. This Special Issue of Cancers, therefore, encompasses original and review articles on the molecular and clinical mechanisms leading to tumour resistance to current treatment options, new therapeutic strategies to overcome such resistance, and new biomarkers predicting response to therapies for metastatic prostate cancer.

Dr. Albert Font Pous
Dr. Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
Guest Editors

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